大義釋 14. Tuvaṭakasuttaniddesa 迅速經
14. Tuvaṭakasuttaniddesa 迅速經
150.
Pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhu, [ādiccabandhū (sī. syā.)] vivekaṃ santipadañca mahesi [mahesiṃ (sī. syā.)] ;
Kathaṃ disvā nibbāti bhikkhu, anupādiyāno lokasmiṃ kiñci.
Pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhūti. Pucchāti tisso pucchā – adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā, vimaticchedanā pucchā. Katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ, tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhāvanāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā. Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā? Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ, aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā. Katamā vimaticchedanā pucchā? Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando [saṃsayapakkhanno (sī. syā.)] hoti vimatipakkhando dveḷhakajāto, “evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho”ti so vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati – ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.
Aparāpi tisso pucchā – manussapucchā, amanussapucchā, nimmitapucchā. Katamā manussapucchā? Manussā buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, bhikkhū pucchanti, bhikkhuniyo pucchanti, upāsakā pucchanti, upāsikāyo pucchanti, rājāno pucchanti, khattiyā pucchanti, brāhmaṇā pucchanti, vessā pucchanti, suddā pucchanti, gahaṭṭhā pucchanti, pabbajitā pucchanti – ayaṃ manussapucchā. Katamā amanussapucchā? Amanussā buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti, nāgā pucchanti, supaṇṇā pucchanti, yakkhā pucchanti, asurā pucchanti, gandhabbā pucchanti, mahārājāno pucchanti, indā pucchanti, brahmāno pucchanti, devatāyo pucchanti – ayaṃ amanussapucchā. Katamā nimmitapucchā? Yaṃ bhagavā rūpaṃ abhinimmināti manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgaṃ ahīnindriyaṃ taṃ so nimmito buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati, bhagavā tassa [natthi sī. syā. potthakesu] visajjeti – ayaṃ nimmitapucchā. Imā tisso pucchā.
Aparāpi tisso pucchā – attatthapucchā, paratthapucchā, ubhayatthapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – diṭṭhadhammikatthapucchā, samparāyikatthapucchā, paramatthapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – anavajjatthapucchā, nikkilesatthapucchā [nikkhepatthapucchā (sī. ka.)], vodānatthapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – atītapucchā, anāgatapucchā, paccuppannapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – ajjhattapucchā, bahiddhāpucchā, ajjhattabahiddhāpucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – kusalapucchā, akusalapucchā, abyākatapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – khandhapucchā, dhātupucchā, āyatanapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – satipaṭṭhānapucchā, sammappadhānapucchā, iddhipādapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – indriyapucchā, balapucchā, bojjhaṅgapucchā. Aparāpi tisso pucchā – maggapucchā, phalapucchā, nibbānapucchā.
Pucchāmi tanti pucchāmi taṃ yācāmi taṃ ajjhesāmi taṃ pasādemi taṃ, “kathayassu me”ti – pucchāmi taṃ. Ādiccabandhūti. Ādicco vuccati sūriyo [suriyo (sī. syā.)]. Sūriyo gotamo gottena, bhagavāpi gotamo gottena, bhagavā sūriyassa gottañātako gottabandhu; tasmā buddho ādiccabandhūti – pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhu.
Vivekaṃ santipadañca mahesīti. Vivekāti tayo vivekā – kāyaviveko, cittaviveko, upadhiviveko. Katamo kāyaviveko? Idha bhikkhu vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ kāyena vivittena viharati. So eko gacchati, eko tiṭṭhati, eko nisīdati, eko seyyaṃ kappeti, eko gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisati, eko paṭikkamati, eko raho nisīdati, eko caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāti, eko carati viharati iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti – ayaṃ kāyaviveko.
Katamo cittaviveko? Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa nīvaraṇehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa vitakkavicārehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa pītiyā cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sukhadukkhehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa rūpasaññāya paṭighasaññāya nānattasaññāya cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti. Sotāpannassa sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā vicikicchāya sīlabbataparāmāsā diṭṭhānusayā vicikicchānusayā, tadekaṭṭhehi ca kilesehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti. Sakadāgāmissa oḷārikā kāmarāgasaññojanā paṭighasaññojanā oḷārikā kāmarāgānusayā paṭighānusayā, tadekaṭṭhehi ca kilesehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti. Anāgāmissa anusahagatā kāmarāgasaññojanā paṭighasaññojanā anusahagatā kāmarāgānusayā paṭighānusayā, tadekaṭṭhehi ca kilesehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti. Arahato rūparāgā arūparāgā mānā uddhaccā avijjāya mānānusayā bhavarāgānusayā avijjānusayā, tadekaṭṭhehi ca kilesehi bahiddhā ca sabbanimittehi cittaṃ vivittaṃ hoti – ayaṃ cittaviveko.
Katamo upadhiviveko? Upadhi vuccati kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca. Upadhiviveko vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ – ayaṃ upadhiviveko. Kāyaviveko ca vivekaṭṭhakāyānaṃ [vūpakaṭṭhakāyānaṃ (sī.)] nekkhammābhiratānaṃ, cittaviveko ca parisuddhacittānaṃ paramavodānapattānaṃ, upadhiviveko ca nirupadhīnaṃ puggalānaṃ visaṅkhāragatānaṃ. Santīti ekena ākārena santipi santipadampi taṃyeva amataṃ nibbānaṃ, yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “santametaṃ padaṃ, paṇītametaṃ padaṃ, yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānan”ti. Atha aparena ākārena ye dhammā santādhigamāya santiphusanāya santisacchikiriyāya saṃvattanti, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo – ime vuccanti santipadaṃ tāṇapadaṃ leṇapadaṃ saraṇapadaṃ abhayapadaṃ accutapadaṃ amatapadaṃ nibbānapadaṃ.
Mahesīti mahesi bhagavā. Mahantaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahantaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ…pe… mahantaṃ paññākkhandhaṃ… mahantaṃ vimuttikkhandhaṃ… mahantaṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi; mahato tamokāyassa padālanaṃ, mahato vipallāsassa bhedanaṃ, mahato taṇhāsallassa abbahanaṃ [abbūhanaṃ (sī. syā.), abbhuhanaṃ (ka.)], mahato diṭṭhisaṅghātassa viniveṭhanaṃ, mahato mānadhajassa papātanaṃ [pavāhanaṃ (syā.)], mahato abhisaṅkhārassa vūpasamaṃ, mahato oghassa nittharaṇaṃ, mahato bhārassa nikkhepanaṃ, mahato saṃsāravaṭṭassa upacchedaṃ, mahato santāpassa nibbāpanaṃ, mahato pariḷāhassa paṭipassaddhiṃ, mahato dhammadhajassa ussāpanaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi, mahante satipaṭṭhāne mahante sammappadhāne mahante iddhipāde mahantāni indriyāni mahantāni balāni mahante bojjhaṅge mahantaṃ ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ mahantaṃ paramatthaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ esī gavesī pariyesīti mahesi; mahesakkhehi vā sattehi esito gavesito pariyesito kahaṃ buddho kahaṃ bhagavā kahaṃ devadevo kahaṃ narāsabhoti mahesīti – vivekaṃ santipadañca mahesi.
Kathaṃ disvā nibbāti bhikkhūti. Kathaṃ disvā passitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā attano rāgaṃ nibbāpeti, dosaṃ nibbāpeti, mohaṃ nibbāpeti, kodhaṃ…pe… upanāhaṃ… makkhaṃ… paḷāsaṃ… issaṃ… macchariyaṃ… māyaṃ… sāṭheyyaṃ… thambhaṃ… sārambhaṃ… mānaṃ… atimānaṃ… madaṃ… pamādaṃ… sabbe kilese… sabbe duccarite… sabbe darathe… sabbe pariḷāhe… sabbe santāpe … sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāre nibbāpeti sameti upasameti vūpasameti paṭipassambheti. Bhikkhūti puthujjanakalyāṇako vā bhikkhu sekho vā bhikkhūti – kathaṃ disvā nibbāti bhikkhu.
Anupādiyāno lokasmiṃ kiñcīti. Catūhi upādānehi anupādiyamāno agaṇhayamāno aparāmasamāno anabhinivisamāno. Lokasminti apāyaloke manussaloke devaloke, khandhaloke dhātuloke āyatanaloke. Kiñcīti kiñci rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagatanti – anupādiyāno lokasmiṃ kiñci.
Tenāha so nimmito –
“Pucchāmi taṃ ādiccabandhu, vivekaṃ santipadañca mahesi;
Kathaṃ disvā nibbāti bhikkhu, anupādiyāno lokasmiṃ kiñcī”ti.
151.
Mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya, [iti bhagavā]
Mantā asmīti sabbamuparundhe [sabbamuparuddhe (syā.)] ;
Yā kāci taṇhā ajjhattaṃ, tāsaṃ vinayā sadā sato sikkhe.
Mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya, [iti bhagavā] mantā asmīti sabbamuparundheti. Papañcāyeva papañcasaṅkhā. Taṇhāpapañcasaṅkhā diṭṭhipapañcasaṅkhā. Katamaṃ taṇhāpapañcassa mūlaṃ? Avijjāmūlaṃ, ayonisomanasikāro mūlaṃ, asmimāno mūlaṃ, ahirikaṃ mūlaṃ, anottappaṃ mūlaṃ, uddhaccaṃ mūlaṃ – idaṃ taṇhāpapañcassa mūlaṃ. Katamaṃ diṭṭhipapañcassa mūlaṃ? Avijjāmūlaṃ, ayonisomanasikāro mūlaṃ, asmimāno mūlaṃ, ahirikaṃ mūlaṃ, anottappaṃ mūlaṃ, uddhaccaṃ mūlaṃ – idaṃ diṭṭhipapañcassa mūlaṃ.
Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanaṃ. Api ca bhaggarāgoti bhagavā, bhaggadosoti bhagavā, bhaggamohoti bhagavā, bhaggamānoti bhagavā, bhaggadiṭṭhīti bhagavā, bhaggakaṇḍakoti bhagavā, bhaggakilesoti bhagavā, bhaji vibhaji pavibhaji dhammaratananti bhagavā, bhavānaṃ antakaroti bhagavā, bhāvitakāyo bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapaññoti bhagavā; bhāgī vā bhagavā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni appasaddāni appanigghosāni vijanavātāni manussarāhasseyyakāni paṭisallānasāruppānīti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānanti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā attharasassa dhammarasassa vimuttirasassa adhisīlassa adhicittassa adhipaññāyāti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ catunnaṃ appamaññānaṃ catunnaṃ arūpasamāpattīnanti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā aṭṭhannaṃ vimokkhānaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ abhibhāyatanānaṃ navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnanti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā dasannaṃ saññābhāvanānaṃ dasannaṃ kasiṇasamāpattīnaṃ ānāpānassatisamādhissa asubhasamāpattiyāti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ pañcannaṃ balānaṃ sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassāti bhagavā, bhāgī vā bhagavā dasannaṃ tathāgatabalānaṃ catunnaṃ vesārajjānaṃ catunnaṃ paṭisambhidānaṃ channaṃ abhiññānaṃ channaṃ buddhadhammānanti bhagavā, bhagavāti netaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ; vimokkhantikametaṃ buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle saha sabbaññutañāṇassa paṭilābhā sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavāti – mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya iti bhagavā.
Mantā asmīti sabbamuparundheti. Mantā vuccati paññā. Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Asmīti rūpe asmīti māno asmīti chando asmīti anusayo; vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe asmīti māno asmīti chando asmīti anusayoti. Mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya iti bhagavā. Mantā asmīti sabbamuparundheti. Papañcasaṅkhāya mūlañca asmimānañca mantāya sabbaṃ rundheyya uparundheyya nirodheyya vūpasameyya atthaṅgameyya paṭipassambheyyāti – mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya iti bhagavā, mantā asmīti sabbamuparundhe.
Yā kāci taṇhā ajjhattanti. Yā kācīti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ – yā kācīti. Taṇhāti rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā. Ajjhattanti ajjhattasamuṭṭhānā vā [ajjhattaṃ samuṭṭhāti (syā.)] sā taṇhāti – ajjhattaṃ. Atha vā ajjhattikaṃ vuccati cittaṃ. Yaṃ cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ hadayaṃ paṇḍaraṃ mano manāyatanaṃ manindriyaṃ viññāṇaṃ viññāṇakkhandho tajjā manoviññāṇadhātu. Cittena sā taṇhā sahagatā sahajātā saṃsaṭṭhā sampayuttā ekuppādā ekanirodhā ekavatthukā ekārammaṇātipi ajjhattanti – yā kāci taṇhā ajjhattaṃ.
Tāsaṃ vinayā sadā sato sikkheti. Sadāti sadā sabbadā sabbakālaṃ niccakālaṃ dhuvakālaṃ, satataṃ samitaṃ abbokiṇṇaṃ poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ udakūmigajātaṃ avīcisantatisahitaṃ phusitaṃ, purebhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ, purimaṃ yāmaṃ majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ, kāḷe juṇhe, vasse hemante gimhe, purime vayokhandhe majjhime vayokhandhe pacchime vayokhandhe. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato, vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato. Aparehipi catūhi kāraṇehi sato – asati parivajjanāya sato, satikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ katattā sato, satipaṭipakkhānaṃ dhammānaṃ hatattā sato, satinimittānaṃ asammuṭṭhattā sato. Aparehipi catūhi kāraṇehi sato – satiyā samannāgatattā sato, satiyā vasitattā sato, satiyā pāguññatāya sato, satiyā apaccorohanatāya sato. Aparehipi catūhi kāraṇehi sato – sattattā sato, santattā sato, samitattā sato, santadhammasamannāgatattā sato. Buddhānussatiyā sato, dhammānussatiyā sato, saṅghānussatiyā sato, sīlānussatiyā sato, cāgānussatiyā sato, devatānussatiyā sato, ānāpānassatiyā sato, maraṇassatiyā sato, kāyagatāsatiyā sato, upasamānussatiyā sato. Yā sati anussati paṭissati, sati saraṇatā dhāraṇatā apilāpanatā asammussanatā, sati satindriyaṃ satibalaṃ sammāsati satisambojjhaṅgo ekāyanamaggo – ayaṃ vuccati sati. Imāya satiyā upeto samupeto, upagato samupagato, upapanno samupapanno, samannāgato so vuccati sato.
Sikkheti tisso sikkhā – adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā. Katamā adhisīlasikkhā? Idha bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, khuddako sīlakkhandho… mahanto sīlakkhandho, sīlaṃ patiṭṭhā ādi caraṇaṃ saṃyamo saṃvaro mukhaṃ pamukhaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – ayaṃ adhisīlasikkhā.
Katamā adhicittasikkhā? Idha bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti “upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī”ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ adhicittasikkhā.
Katamā adhipaññāsikkhā? Idha bhikkhu paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā. So idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ime āsavāti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ āsavasamudayoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ āsavanirodhoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti – ayaṃ adhipaññāsikkhā.
Tāsaṃ vinayā sadā sato sikkheti. Tāsaṃ taṇhānaṃ vinayāya paṭivinayāya pahānāya vūpasamāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipassaddhiyā adhisīlampi sikkheyya, adhicittampi sikkheyya, adhipaññampi sikkheyya; imā tisso sikkhāyo āvajjanto sikkheyya, pajānanto sikkheyya, passanto sikkheyya, paccavekkhanto sikkheyya, cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahanto sikkheyya, saddhāya adhimuccanto sikkheyya, vīriyaṃ paggaṇhanto sikkheyya, satiṃ upaṭṭhapento sikkheyya, cittaṃ samādahanto sikkheyya, paññāya pajānanto sikkheyya, abhiññeyyaṃ abhijānanto sikkheyya, pariññeyyaṃ parijānanto sikkheyya, pahātabbaṃ pajahanto sikkheyya, bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvento sikkheyya, sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikaronto sikkheyya ācareyya samācareyya samādāya vatteyyāti – tāsaṃ vinayā sadā sato sikkhe.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Mūlaṃ papañcasaṅkhāya, [iti bhagavā]
Mantā asmīti sabbamuparundhe;
Yā kāci taṇhā ajjhattaṃ, tāsaṃ vinayā sadā sato sikkhe”ti.
152.
Yaṃ kiñci dhammamabhijaññā, ajjhattaṃ atha vāpi bahiddhā;
Na tena thāmaṃ kubbetha, na hi sā nibbuti sataṃ vuttā.
Yaṃ kiñci dhammamabhijaññā ajjhattanti. Yaṃ kiñci attano guṇaṃ jāneyya kusale vā dhamme abyākate vā dhamme. Katame attano guṇā? Uccā kulā pabbajito vā assaṃ [assa (syā.)], mahābhogakulā pabbajito vā assaṃ, uḷārabhogakulā pabbajito vā assaṃ, ñāto yasassī sagahaṭṭhapabbajitānanti vā assaṃ, lābhimhi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānanti vā assaṃ, suttantiko vā assaṃ, vinayadharo vā assaṃ, dhammakathiko vā assaṃ, āraññiko vā assaṃ, piṇḍapātiko vā assaṃ, paṃsukūliko vā assaṃ, tecīvariko vā assaṃ, sapadānacāriko vā assaṃ, khalupacchābhattiko vā assaṃ, nesajjiko vā assaṃ, yathāsanthatiko vā assaṃ, paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhīti vā assaṃ, dutiyassa jhānassa lābhīti vā assaṃ, tatiyassa jhānassa lābhīti vā assaṃ, catutthassa jhānassa lābhīti vā assaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhīti vā assaṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā… ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhīti vā assaṃ – ime vuccanti attano guṇā. Yaṃ kiñci attano guṇaṃ jāneyya ājāneyya vijāneyya paṭivijāneyya paṭivijjheyyāti – yaṃ kiñci dhammamabhijaññā ajjhattaṃ. Atha vāpi bahiddhāti. Upajjhāyassa vā ācariyassa vā te guṇā assūti [assūti ajjhattaṃ (bahūsu)] – atha vāpi bahiddhā.
Na tena thāmaṃ kubbethāti. Attano vā guṇena paresaṃ vā guṇena thāmaṃ na kareyya, thambhaṃ na kareyya, mānaṃ na kareyya, unnatiṃ na kareyya, unnamaṃ na kareyya, na tena mānaṃ janeyya, na tena thaddho assa patthaddho paggahitasiroti – na tena thāmaṃ kubbetha.
Na hi sā nibbuti sataṃ vuttāti. Satānaṃ santānaṃ sappurisānaṃ buddhānaṃ buddhasāvakānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ sā nibbutīti na vuttā na pavuttā na ācikkhitā na desitā na paññapitā na paṭṭhapitā na vivaṭā na vibhattā na uttānīkatā nappakāsitāti – na hi sā nibbuti sataṃ vuttā.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Yaṃ kiñci dhammamabhijaññā, ajjhattaṃ atha vāpi bahiddhā;
Na tena thāmaṃ kubbetha, na hi sā nibbuti sataṃ vuttā”ti.
153.
Seyyo na tena maññeyya, nīceyyo atha vāpi sarikkho;
Phuṭṭho anekarūpehi, nātumānaṃ vikappayaṃ tiṭṭhe.
Seyyo na tena maññeyyāti. “Seyyohamasmī”ti atimānaṃ na janeyya jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunāti – seyyo na tena maññeyya.
Nīceyyo atha vāpi sarikkhoti. “Hīnohamasmī”ti omānaṃ na janeyya jātiyā vā gottena vā…pe… aññataraññatarena vā vatthunā. “Sadisohamasmī”ti mānaṃ na janeyya jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunāti – nīceyyo atha vāpi sarikkho.
Phuṭṭho anekarūpehīti. Anekavidhehi ākārehi phuṭṭho pareto samohito samannāgatoti – phuṭṭho anekarūpehi.
Nātumānaṃ vikappayaṃ tiṭṭheti. Ātumā vuccati attā. Attānaṃ kappento vikappento vikappaṃ āpajjanto na tiṭṭheyyāti – nātumānaṃ vikappayaṃ tiṭṭhe.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Seyyo na tena maññeyya, nīceyyo atha vāpi sarikkho;
Phuṭṭho anekarūpehi, nātumānaṃ vikappayaṃ tiṭṭhe”ti.
154.
Ajjhattamevupasame, na aññato bhikkhu santimeseyya;
Ajjhattaṃ upasantassa, natthi attā [attaṃ (syā.)] kuto nirattā [nirattaṃ (syā.)] vā.
Ajjhattamevupasameti. Ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ sameyya, dosaṃ sameyya, mohaṃ sameyya, kodhaṃ…pe… upanāhaṃ… makkhaṃ… paḷāsaṃ… issaṃ… macchariyaṃ… māyaṃ… sāṭheyyaṃ… thambhaṃ… sārambhaṃ … mānaṃ… atimānaṃ… madaṃ… pamādaṃ… sabbe kilese… sabbe duccarite… sabbe darathe… sabbe pariḷāhe… sabbe santāpe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāre sameyya upasameyya vūpasameyya nibbāpeyya paṭipassambheyyāti – ajjhattamevupasame.
Na aññato bhikkhu santimeseyyāti. Aññato asuddhimaggena, micchāpaṭipadāya, aniyyānapatena, aññatra satipaṭṭhānehi, aññatra sammappadhānehi, aññatra iddhipādehi, aññatra indriyehi, aññatra balehi, aññatra bojjhaṅgehi, aññatra ariyā aṭṭhaṅgikā maggā santiṃ upasantiṃ vūpasantiṃ nibbutiṃ paṭipassaddhiṃ na eseyya na gaveseyya na pariyeseyyāti – na aññato bhikkhu santimeseyya.
Ajjhattaṃ upasantassāti. Ajjhattaṃ rāgaṃ santassa, dosaṃ santassa, mohaṃ santassa…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāre santassa upasantassa vūpasantassa nibbutassa paṭipassaddhiyāti – ajjhattaṃ upasantassa.
Natthi attā kuto nirattā vāti. Natthīti paṭikkhepo. Attāti attadiṭṭhi natthi; nirattāti ucchedadiṭṭhi natthi. Attāti gahitaṃ natthi; nirattāti muñcitabbaṃ natthi. Yassatthi gahitaṃ, tassatthi muñcitabbaṃ. Tassa gahitaṃ gāhaṃ muñcanaṃ samatikkanto arahā vuddhipārihānivītivatto. So vuṭṭhavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo…pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavoti – natthi attā kuto nirattā vā.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Ajjhattamevupasame, na aññato bhikkhu santimeseyya;
Ajjhattaṃ upasantassa, natthi attā kuto nirattā vā”ti.
155.
Majjhe yathā samuddassa, ūmi no jāyatī ṭhito hoti;
Evaṃ ṭhito anejassa, ussadaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya [kare (sī.)] kuhiñci.
Majjhe yathā samuddassa, ūmi no jāyatī ṭhito hotīti. Samuddo caturāsītiyojanasahassāni ubbedhena gambhīro. Heṭṭhā cattārīsayojanasahassāni udakaṃ macchakacchapehi kampati. Upari cattārīsayojanasahassāni udakaṃ vātehi kampati. Majjhe cattārīsayojanasahassāni udakaṃ na kampati na vikampati na calati na vedhati nappavedhati na sampavedhati. Anerito aghaṭṭito acalito aluḷito abhanto vūpasanto tatra ūmi no jāyati, ṭhito hoti samuddoti. Evampi majjhe yathā samuddassa ūmi no jāyatī ṭhito hoti.
Atha vā sattannaṃ pabbatānaṃ antarikāsu sattasīdantarā mahāsamuddā. [sīdantarasamuddo (syā.)] Tatra udakaṃ na kampati na vikampati na calati na vedhati nappavedhati na sampavedhati. Anerito aghaṭṭito acalito aluḷito abhanto vūpasanto tatra ūmi no jāyati, ṭhito hoti samuddoti. Evampi majjhe yathā samuddassa ūmi no jāyatī ṭhito hoti.
Evaṃ ṭhito anejassāti. Evanti opammasampaṭipādanaṃ. Ṭhitoti lābhepi na kampati, alābhepi na kampati, yasepi na kampati, ayasepi na kampati, pasaṃsāyapi na kampati, nindāyapi na kampati, sukhepi na kampati, dukkhepi na kampati na vikampati na calati na vedhati nappavedhati na sampavedhatīti – evaṃ ṭhito. Anejassāti ejā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Yassesā ejā taṇhā pahīnā ucchinnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭipassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so vuccati anejo. Ejāya pahīnattā anejo; so lābhepi na iñjati, alābhepi na iñjati, yasepi na iñjati, ayasepi na iñjati, pasaṃsāyapi na iñjati, nindāyapi na iñjati, sukhepi na iñjati, dukkhepi na iñjati, na calati na vedhati nappavedhati na sampavedhatīti – evaṃ ṭhito anejassa.
Ussadaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñcīti. Ussadāti sattussadā – rāgussadaṃ [rāgussado (syā.)], dosussadaṃ, mohussadaṃ, mānussadaṃ, diṭṭhussadaṃ, kilesussadaṃ, kammussadaṃ na kareyya na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyya. Kuhiñcīti kuhiñci kismiñci katthaci ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā ajjhattabahiddhā vāti – ussadaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Majjhe yathā samuddassa, ūmi no jāyatī ṭhito hoti;
Evaṃ ṭhito anejassa, ussadaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñcī”ti.
156.
Akittayī vivaṭacakkhu, sakkhidhammaṃ parissayavinayaṃ;
Paṭipadaṃ vadehi bhaddante, pātimokkhaṃ atha vāpi samādhiṃ.
Akittayī vivaṭacakkhūti. Akittayīti kittitaṃ ācikkhitaṃ desitaṃ paññapitaṃ paṭṭhapitaṃ vivaṭaṃ vibhattaṃ uttānīkataṃ pakāsitanti – akittayi [akittayīti akittayi parikittayi ācikkhi desesi paññapesi paṭṭhapesi vivari vibhaji uttānimakāsi pakāsesīti akittayi (syā.)]. Vivaṭacakkhūti bhagavā pañcahi cakkhūhi vivaṭacakkhu – maṃsacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu, dibbena cakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu, paññācakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu, buddhacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu, samantacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu.
Kathaṃ bhagavā maṃsacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu? Maṃsacakkhumhipi bhagavato pañca vaṇṇā saṃvijjanti – nīlo ca vaṇṇo, pītako ca vaṇṇo, lohitako ca vaṇṇo, kaṇho ca vaṇṇo, odāto ca vaṇṇo. Akkhilomāni ca bhagavato yattha ca akkhilomāni patiṭṭhitāni taṃ nīlaṃ hoti sunīlaṃ pāsādikaṃ dassaneyyaṃ umāpupphasamānaṃ [ummāpupphasamānaṃ (sī. ka.), ummārapupphasamānaṃ (syā.)]. Tassa parato pītakaṃ hoti supītakaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ pāsādikaṃ dassaneyyaṃ kaṇikārapupphasamānaṃ. Ubhayato ca akkhikūṭāni bhagavato lohitakāni honti sulohitakāni pāsādikāni dassaneyyāni indagopakasamānāni. Majjhe kaṇhaṃ hoti sukaṇhaṃ alūkhaṃ siniddhaṃ pāsādikaṃ dassaneyyaṃ addāriṭṭhakasamānaṃ [aḷāriṭṭhakasamānaṃ (syā.)]. Tassa parato odātaṃ hoti suodātaṃ setaṃ paṇḍaraṃ pāsādikaṃ dassaneyyaṃ osadhitārakasamānaṃ. Tena bhagavā pākatikena maṃsacakkhunā attabhāvapariyāpannena purimasucaritakammābhinibbattena samantā yojanaṃ passati divā ceva rattiñca. Yadā hipi caturaṅgasamannāgato andhakāro hoti. Sūriyo vā atthaṅgato hoti. Kāḷapakkho ca uposatho hoti. Tibbo ca vanasaṇḍo hoti. Mahā ca kāḷamegho [akālamegho (syā.)] abbhuṭṭhito hoti. Evarūpepi caturaṅgasamannāgate andhakāre samantā yojanaṃ passati. Natthi so kuṭṭo [kuḍḍo (sī.)] vā kavāṭaṃ vā pākāro vā pabbato vā gaccho vā latā vā āvaraṇaṃ rūpānaṃ dassanāya. Ekañce tilaphalaṃ nimittaṃ katvā tilavāhe pakkhipeyya. Taññeva tilaphalaṃ uddhareyya. Evaṃ parisuddhaṃ bhagavato pākatikaṃ maṃsacakkhu. Evaṃ bhagavā maṃsacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu.
Kathaṃ bhagavā dibbena cakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu? Bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate. Yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – “ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā”ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate; yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Ākaṅkhamāno ca bhagavā ekampi lokadhātuṃ passeyya, dvepi lokadhātuyo passeyya, tissopi lokadhātuyo passeyya, catassopi lokadhātuyo passeyya, pañcapi lokadhātuyo passeyya, dasapi lokadhātuyo passeyya, vīsampi lokadhātuyo passeyya, tiṃsampi lokadhātuyo passeyya, cattālīsampi lokadhātuyo passeyya, paññāsampi lokadhātuyo passeyya, satampi lokadhātuyo passeyya, sahassimpi cūḷanikaṃ lokadhātuṃ passeyya, dvisahassimpi majjhimikaṃ lokadhātuṃ passeyya, tisahassimpi lokadhātuṃ passeyya, mahāsahassimpi [tisahassiṃ mahāsahassimpi (sī. ka.)] lokadhātuṃ passeyya. Yāvatakaṃ vā pana ākaṅkheyya tāvatakaṃ passeyya. Evaṃ parisuddhaṃ bhagavato dibbacakkhu. Evaṃ bhagavā dibbena cakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu.
Kathaṃ bhagavā paññācakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu? Bhagavā mahāpañño puthupañño hāsapañño javanapañño tikkhapañño nibbedhikapañño paññāpabhedakusalo pabhinnañāṇo adhigatapaṭisambhido catuvesārajjappatto dasabaladhārī purisāsabho purisasīho purisanāgo purisājañño purisadhorayho anantañāṇo anantatejo anantayaso aḍḍho mahaddhano dhanavā netā vinetā anunetā paññāpetā anijjhāpetā pekkhetā pasādetā. So hi bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū maggavidū maggakovido maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā.
So hi bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato. Natthi tassa bhagavato aññātaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ asacchikataṃ aphassitaṃ paññāya. Atītaṃ anāgataṃ paccuppannaṃ [atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ (syā.) mahāni. 69] upādāya sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchanti. Yaṃ kiñci neyyaṃ nāma atthi jānitabbaṃ [atthi dhammaṃ jānitabbaṃ (sī. ka.)] attattho vā parattho vā ubhayattho vā diṭṭhadhammiko vā attho samparāyiko vā attho uttāno vā attho gambhīro vā attho gūḷho vā attho paṭicchanno vā attho neyyo vā attho nīto vā attho anavajjo vā attho nikkileso vā attho vodāno vā attho paramattho vā attho, sabbaṃ taṃ [paramattho vā, sabbantaṃ (syā.)] antobuddhañāṇe parivattati.
Sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇānuparivatti sabbaṃ vacīkammaṃ… sabbaṃ manokammaṃ… atīte buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, anāgate paccuppanne appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ. Yāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ tāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ; neyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ ñāṇapariyantikaṃ neyyaṃ, neyyaṃ atikkamitvā ñāṇaṃ nappavattati, ñāṇaṃ atikkamitvā neyyapatho natthi. Aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino te dhammā. Yathā dvinnaṃ samuggapaṭalānaṃ sammāphusitānaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ uparimaṃ nātivattati, uparimaṃ samuggapaṭalaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ nātivattati, aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino; evameva buddhassa bhagavato neyyañca ñāṇañca aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino. Yāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ, yāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ tāvatakaṃ neyyaṃ; neyyapariyantikaṃ ñāṇaṃ ñāṇapariyantikaṃ neyyaṃ. Neyyaṃ atikkamitvā ñāṇaṃ nappavattati, ñāṇaṃ atikkamitvā neyyapatho natthi. Aññamaññapariyantaṭṭhāyino te dhammā.
Sabbadhammesu buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati. Sabbe dhammā buddhassa bhagavato āvajjanapaṭibaddhā ākaṅkhapaṭibaddhā manasikārapaṭibaddhā cittuppādapaṭibaddhā. Sabbasattesu buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati. Sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ bhagavā āsayaṃ jānāti, anusayaṃ jānāti, caritaṃ jānāti, adhimuttiṃ jānāti, apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye bhabbābhabbe satte pajānāti. Sadevako loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā antobuddhañāṇe parivattati [parivattanti (ka.) pasūrasuttaniddese avasānepi].
Yathā ye keci macchakacchapā antamaso timitimiṅgalaṃ upādāya antomahāsamudde parivattanti; evameva sadevako loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā antobuddhañāṇe parivattati [parivattanti (ka.) pasūrasuttaniddese avasānepi]. Yathā ye keci pakkhī antamaso garuḷaṃ venateyyaṃ upādāya ākāsassa padese parivattanti; evameva yepi te sāriputtasamā paññāya tepi buddhañāṇassa padese parivattanti; buddhañāṇaṃ devamanussānaṃ paññaṃ pharitvā abhibhavitvā tiṭṭhati. Yepi te khattiyapaṇḍitā brāhmaṇapaṇḍitā gahapatipaṇḍitā samaṇapaṇḍitā nipuṇā kataparappavādā vālavedhirūpā vobhindantā maññe caranti paññāgatena diṭṭhigatāni, te pañhaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā abhisaṅkharitvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchanti gūḷhāni ca paṭicchannāni ca. Kathitā visajjitā ca te pañhā bhagavatā honti niddiṭṭhakāraṇā. Upakkhittakā ca te bhagavato sampajjanti. Atha kho bhagavā tattha atirocati yadidaṃ paññāyāti. Evaṃ bhagavā paññācakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu.
Kathaṃ bhagavā buddhacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu? Bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvino viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvino viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā anuggatāni antonimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma tiṭṭhanti anupalittāni udakena; evameva bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvino viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvino viharante. Jānāti bhagavā – “ayaṃ puggalo rāgacarito, ayaṃ dosacarito, ayaṃ mohacarito, ayaṃ vitakkacarito, ayaṃ saddhācarito, ayaṃ ñāṇacarito”ti. Rāgacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa asubhakathaṃ katheti; dosacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa mettābhāvanaṃ ācikkhati; mohacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa uddese paripucchāya kālena dhammassavane kālena dhammasākacchāya garusaṃvāse niveseti; vitakkacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa ānāpānassatiṃ ācikkhati; saddhācaritassa bhagavā puggalassa pasādanīyaṃ nimittaṃ ācikkhati buddhasubodhiṃ [buddhasubuddhataṃ (ka.)] dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiṃ sīlāni ca; attano ñāṇacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa ācikkhati vipassanānimittaṃ aniccākāraṃ dukkhākāraṃ anattākāraṃ.
“Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha, pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu;
Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ janatamapetasoko, avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtan”ti.
Evaṃ bhagavā buddhacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu.
Kathaṃ bhagavā samantacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhu? Samantacakkhu vuccati sabbaññutañāṇaṃ. Bhagavā sabbaññutañāṇena upeto samupeto upagato samupagato upapanno samupapanno samannāgato.
“Na tassa adiṭṭhamidhatthi kiñci, atho aviññātamajānitabbaṃ;
Sabbaṃ abhiññāsi yadatthi neyyaṃ, tathāgato tena samantacakkhū”ti.
Evaṃ bhagavā samantacakkhunāpi vivaṭacakkhūti – akittayi vivaṭacakkhu.
Sakkhidhammaṃ parissayavinayanti. Sakkhidhammanti na itihitihaṃ, na itikirāya, na paramparāya, na piṭakasampadāya, na takkahetu, na nayahetu, na ākāraparivitakkena, na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhaṃ dhammanti – sakkhidhammaṃ. Parissayavinayanti. Parissayāti dve parissayā – pākaṭaparissayā ca paṭicchannaparissayā ca. Katame pākaṭaparissayā? Sīhā byagghā dīpī acchā taracchā kokā mahiṃsā [gomahisā (syā.) mahāni. 5] hatthī ahi vicchikā satapadī, corā vā assu mānavā vā katakammā vā akatakammā vā, cakkhurogo sotarogo ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo kāso sāso pināso ḍāho [ḍaho (sī. syā.) mahāni. 5] jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu rakhasā vitacchikā lohitapittaṃ [lohitaṃ pittaṃ (syā. ka.)] madhumeho aṃsā piḷakā bhagandalā, pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā, sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jighacchā pipāsā uccāro passāvo ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassā iti vā – ime vuccanti pākaṭaparissayā.
Katame paṭicchannaparissayā? Kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇaṃ vicikicchānīvaraṇaṃ rāgo doso moho kodho upanāho makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sāṭheyyaṃ thambho sārambho māno atimāno mado pamādo, sabbe kilesā sabbe duccaritā sabbe darathā sabbe pariḷāhā sabbe santāpā sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā – ime vuccanti paṭicchannaparissayā.
Parissayāti kenaṭṭhena parissayā? Parisahantīti parissayā, parihānāya saṃvattantīti parissayā, tatrāsayāti parissayā. Kathaṃ parisahantīti parissayā? Te parissayā taṃ puggalaṃ sahanti parisahanti abhibhavanti ajjhottharanti pariyādiyanti maddanti. Evaṃ parisahantīti – parissayā.
Kathaṃ parihānāya saṃvattantīti parissayā? Te parissayā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ antarāyāya parihānāya saṃvattanti. Katamesaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ? Sammāpaṭipadāya anulomapaṭipadāya apaccanīkapaṭipadāya aviruddhapaṭipadāya anvatthapaṭipadāya dhammānudhammapaṭipadāya sīlesu paripūrakāritāya indriyesu guttadvāratāya bhojane mattaññutāya jāgariyānuyogassa satisampajaññassa catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanānuyogassa catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ pañcannaṃ balānaṃ sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanānuyogassa – imesaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ antarāyāya parihānāya saṃvattanti. Evampi parihānāya saṃvattantīti – parissayā.
Kathaṃ tatrāsayāti parissayā? Tatthete pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti attabhāvasannissayā. Yathā bile bilāsayā pāṇā sayanti, dake dakāsayā pāṇā sayanti, vane vanāsayā pāṇā sayanti, rukkhe rukkhāsayā pāṇā sayanti; evameva tatthete pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti attabhāvasannissayāti. Evampi tatrāsayāti – parissayā.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “sāntevāsiko, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sācariyako dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāntevāsiko sācariyako dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saññojaniyā, tyassa anto vasanti anvāssavanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sāntevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ samudācaranti, samudācaranti [samudācārenti (sī.)] naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sācariyakoti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā … manasā dhammaṃ viññāya uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saññojaniyā, tyassa anto vasanti anvāssavanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sāntevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ samudācaranti, samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sācariyakoti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāntevāsiko sācariyako dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharatī”ti. Evampi tatrāsayāti – parissayā.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “tayome, bhikkhave, antarāmalā antarāamittā antarāsapattā antarāvadhakā antarāpaccatthikā. Katame tayo? Lobho, bhikkhave, antarāmalo [antarāmalaṃ (sī. ka.) itivu. 88] antarāamitto antarāsapatto antarāvadhako antarāpaccatthiko; doso, bhikkhave…pe… moho, bhikkhave, antarāmalo antarāamitto antarāsapatto antarāvadhako antarāpaccatthiko. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo antarāmalā antarāamittā antarāsapattā antarāvadhakā antarāpaccatthikā”ti.
“Anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano;
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
“Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhantamaṃ [andhatamaṃ (syā.) itivu. 88] tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ.
“Anatthajanano doso, doso cittappakopano;
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
“Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ doso sahate naraṃ.
“Anatthajanano moho, moho cittappakopano;
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
“Mūḷho atthaṃ na jānāti, mūḷho dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ moho sahate naran”ti.
Evampi tatrāsayāti – parissayā.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “tayo kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammā ajjhattaṃ uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Katame tayo? Lobho kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammo ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya; doso kho, mahārāja…pe… moho kho, mahārāja, purisassa dhammo ajjhattaṃ uppajjamāno uppajjati ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya. Ime kho, mahārāja, tayo purisassa dhammā ajjhattaṃ uppajjamānā uppajjanti ahitāya dukkhāya aphāsuvihārāya.
“Lobho doso ca moho ca, purisaṃ pāpacetasaṃ;
Hiṃsanti attasambhūtā, tacasāraṃva samphalan”ti.
Evampi tatrāsayāti – parissayā.
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –
“Rāgo ca doso ca ito nidānā, aratī ratī lomahaṃso itojā;
Ito samuṭṭhāya manovitakkā, kumārakā dhaṅkamivossajantī”ti.
Evampi tatrāsayāti – parissayā.
Parissayavinayanti parissayavinayaṃ parissayappahānaṃ parissayavūpasamaṃ parissayapaṭinissaggaṃ parissayapaṭipassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – sakkhidhammaṃ parissayavinayaṃ.
Paṭipadaṃ vadehi bhaddanteti. Paṭipadaṃ vadehi – sammāpaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ aviruddhapaṭipadaṃ anvatthapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ sīlesu paripūrakāritaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ bhojane mattaññutaṃ jāgariyānuyogaṃ satisampajaññaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhāne cattāro sammappadhāne cattāro iddhipāde pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅge ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ nibbānañca nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ vadehi ācikkha desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivara vibhaja uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – paṭipadaṃ vadehi. Bhaddanteti so nimmito buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ ālapati. Atha vā yaṃ tvaṃ dhammaṃ ācikkhasi desesi paññapesi paṭṭhapesi vivari vibhaji uttānīakāsi pakāsesi sabbaṃ taṃ sundaraṃ bhaddakaṃ kalyāṇaṃ anavajjaṃ sevitabbanti – paṭipadaṃ vadehi bhaddante.
Pātimokkhaṃ atha vāpi samādhinti. Pātimokkhanti sīlaṃ patiṭṭhā ādi caraṇaṃ saṃyamo saṃvaro mukhaṃ pamukhaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Atha vāpi samādhinti yā cittassa ṭhiti saṇṭhiti avaṭṭhiti avisāhāro avikkhepo avisāhatamānasatā samatho samādhindriyaṃ samādhibalaṃ sammāsamādhīti – pātimokkhaṃ atha vāpi samādhiṃ.
Tenāha so nimmito –
“Akittayī vivaṭacakkhu, sakkhidhammaṃ parissayavinayaṃ;
Paṭipadaṃ vadehi bhaddante, pātimokkhaṃ atha vāpi samādhin”ti.
157.
Cakkhūhi neva lolassa, gāmakathāya āvaraye sotaṃ;
Rase ca nānugijjheyya, na ca mamāyetha kiñci lokasmiṃ.
Cakkhūhi neva lolassāti. Kathaṃ cakkhuloloti? Idhekacco cakkhuloliyena samannāgato hoti – “adiṭṭhaṃ dakkhitabbaṃ, diṭṭhaṃ samatikkamitabban”ti ārāmena ārāmaṃ uyyānena uyyānaṃ gāmena gāmaṃ nigamena nigamaṃ nagarena nagaraṃ raṭṭhena raṭṭhaṃ janapadena janapadaṃ dīghacārikaṃ anavaṭṭhitacārikaṃ [anavatthitacārikaṃ (sī. syā.)] anuyutto ca hoti rūpassa dassanāya. Evampi cakkhulolo hoti.
Atha vā bhikkhu antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vīthiṃ paṭipanno asaṃvuto gacchati hatthiṃ olokento, assaṃ olokento, rathaṃ olokento, pattiṃ olokento, itthiyo olokento, purise olokento, kumārake olokento, kumārikāyo olokento, antarāpaṇaṃ olokento, gharamukhāni olokento, uddhaṃ olokento, adho olokento, disāvidisaṃ vipekkhamāno gacchati. Evampi cakkhulolo hoti.
Atha vā bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evampi cakkhulolo hoti.
Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ visūkadassanaṃ anuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – naccaṃ gītaṃ vāditaṃ pekkhaṃ akkhānaṃ pāṇissaraṃ vetāḷaṃ kumbhathūṇaṃ [kumbhathūnaṃ (sī. syā. ka.)] sobhanakaṃ [sobhanagarakaṃ (sī. syā.)] caṇḍālaṃ vaṃsaṃ dhovanaṃ hatthiyuddhaṃ assayuddhaṃ mahiṃsayuddhaṃ [mahisayuddhaṃ (sī. syā.)] usabhayuddhaṃ ajayuddhaṃ meṇḍayuddhaṃ kukkuṭayuddhaṃ vaṭṭakayuddhaṃ daṇḍayuddhaṃ muṭṭhiyuddhaṃ nibbuddhaṃ uyyodhikaṃ balaggaṃ senābyūhaṃ anīkadassanaṃ iti vā. Evampi cakkhulolo hoti.
Kathaṃ na cakkhulolo hoti? Idha bhikkhu antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vīthiṃ paṭipanno saṃvuto gacchati na hatthiṃ olokento, na assaṃ olokento, na rathaṃ olokento, na pattiṃ olokento, na itthiyo olokento, na purise olokento, na kumārake olokento, na kumārikāyo olokento, na antarāpaṇaṃ olokento, na gharamukhāni olokento, na uddhaṃ olokento, na adho olokento, na disāvidisāvipekkhamāno gacchati. Evampi na cakkhulolo hoti.
Atha vā bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evampi na cakkhulolo hoti.
Yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ visūkadassanaṃ ananuyuttā viharanti, seyyathidaṃ – naccaṃ gītaṃ vāditaṃ pekkhaṃ akkhānaṃ…pe… anīkadassanaṃ iti vā. Evarūpā visūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti. Evampi na cakkhulolo hoti.
Cakkhūhi neva lolassāti. Cakkhuloliyaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, cakkhuloliyā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – cakkhūhi neva lolassa.
Gāmakathāya āvaraye sotanti. Gāmakathā vuccati bāttiṃsa tiracchānakathā, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathā corakathā mahāmattakathā senākathā bhayakathā yuddhakathā annakathā pānakathā vatthakathā yānakathā sayanakathā mālākathā gandhakathā ñātikathā gāmakathā nigamakathā nagarakathā janapadakathā itthikathā [itthikathā purisakathā (bahūsu)] sūrakathā visikhākathā kumbhaṭṭhānakathā pubbapetakathā nānattakathā lokakkhāyikā samuddakkhāyikā itibhavābhavakathā iti vā. Gāmakathāya āvaraye sotanti. Gāmakathāya sotaṃ āvareyya nivāreyya saṃvareyya rakkheyya gopeyya pidaheyya pacchindeyyāti – gāmakathāya āvaraye sotaṃ.
Rase ca nānugijjheyyāti. Rase cāti mūlaraso khandharaso tacaraso pattaraso puppharaso phalaraso ambilaṃ madhuraṃ tittakaṃ kaṭukaṃ loṇikaṃ khārikaṃ lambikaṃ kasāvo sādu asādu sītaṃ uṇhaṃ. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā rasagiddhā; te jivhaggena rasaggāni pariyesantā āhiṇḍanti, te ambilaṃ labhitvā anambilaṃ pariyesanti, anambilaṃ labhitvā ambilaṃ pariyesanti…pe… sītaṃ labhitvā uṇhaṃ pariyesanti, uṇhaṃ labhitvā sītaṃ pariyesanti. Te yaṃ yaṃ labhitvā tena tena na tussanti, aparāparaṃ pariyesanti, manāpikesu rasesu rattā giddhā gadhitā mucchitā ajjhosannā laggā laggitā palibuddhā. Yassesā rasataṇhā pahīnā samucchinnā…pe… ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā, so paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti neva davāya…pe… anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cāti.
Yathā vaṇaṃ ālimpeyya yāvadeva āruhaṇatthāya [āruhanatthāya (ka.) purābhedasuttaniddese sattamagāthāvaṇṇanāyaṃ], yathā vā pana akkhaṃ abbhañjeyya yāvadeva bhārassa nittharaṇatthāya, yathā vā puttamaṃsaṃ āhāraṃ āhāreyya yāvadeva kantārassa nittharaṇatthāya; evamevaṃ bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti neva davāya…pe… anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cāti rasataṇhaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, rasataṇhāya ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – rase ca nānugijjheyya.
Na ca mamāyetha kiñci lokasminti. Mamattāti dve mamattā – taṇhāmamattañca diṭṭhimamattañca …pe… idaṃ taṇhāmamattaṃ…pe… idaṃ diṭṭhimamattaṃ. Taṇhāmamattaṃ pahāya diṭṭhimamattaṃ paṭinissajjitvā cakkhuṃ na mamāyeyya na gaṇheyya na parāmaseyya nābhiniviseyya; sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… rūpe… sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… kulaṃ… gaṇaṃ… āvāsaṃ… lābhaṃ… yasaṃ… pasaṃsaṃ… sukhaṃ… cīvaraṃ… piṇḍapātaṃ… senāsanaṃ… gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ… kāmadhātuṃ… rūpadhātuṃ… arūpadhātuṃ… kāmabhavaṃ… rūpabhavaṃ… arūpabhavaṃ… saññābhavaṃ… asaññābhavaṃ… nevasaññānāsaññābhavaṃ … ekavokārabhavaṃ… catuvokārabhavaṃ… pañcavokārabhavaṃ … atītaṃ… anāgataṃ… paccuppannaṃ… diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbe dhamme na mamāyeyya na gaṇheyya na parāmaseyya nābhiniviseyya. Kiñcīti kiñci rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ. Lokasminti apāyaloke…pe… āyatanaloketi – na ca mamāyetha kiñci lokasmiṃ.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Cakkhūhi neva lolassa, gāmakathāya āvaraye sotaṃ;
Rase ca nānugijjheyya, na ca mamāyetha kiñci lokasmin”ti.
158.
Phassena yadā phuṭṭhassa, paridevaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci;
Bhavañca nābhijappeyya, bheravesu ca na sampavedheyya.
Phassena yadā phuṭṭhassāti. Phassoti rogaphasso. Rogaphassena phuṭṭho pareto samohito samannāgato assa; cakkhurogena phuṭṭho pareto samohito samannāgato assa, sotarogena…pe… ghānarogena… jivhārogena… kāyarogena… sīsarogena… kaṇṇarogena… mukharogena… dantarogena… kāsena… sāsena… pināsena… ḍāhena… jarena… kucchirogena… mucchāya… pakkhandikāya… sūlāya… visūcikāya… kuṭṭhena… gaṇḍena… kilāsena… sosena… apamārena… dadduyā… kaṇḍuyā … kacchuyā… rakhasāya… vitacchikāya… lohitena… pittena… madhumehena… aṃsāya… piḷakāya… bhagandalena… pittasamuṭṭhānena ābādhena… semhasamuṭṭhānena ābādhena… vātasamuṭṭhānena ābādhena… sannipātikena ābādhena… utupariṇāmajena ābādhena… visamaparihārajena ābādhena… opakkamikena ābādhena… kammavipākajena ābādhena… sītena… uṇhena… jighacchāya… pipāsāya… uccārena… passāvena… ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassehi phuṭṭho pareto samohito samannāgato assāti – phassena yadā phuṭṭhassa.
Paridevaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñcīti. Ādevaṃ paridevaṃ ādevanaṃ paridevanaṃ ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ vācā palāpaṃ vippalāpaṃ lālappaṃ lālappāyanaṃ lālappāyitattaṃ na kareyya na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyya. Kuhiñcīti kuhiñci kimhici katthaci ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā ajjhattabahiddhā vāti – paridevaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci.
Bhavañca nābhijappeyyāti. Kāmabhavaṃ na jappeyya, rūpabhavaṃ na jappeyya, arūpabhavaṃ na jappeyya na pajappeyya nābhijappeyyāti – bhavañca nābhijappeyya.
Bheravesu ca na sampavedheyyāti. Bheravāti ekenākārena bhayampi bheravampi taññeva. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “etaṃ nūna taṃ bhayaṃ bheravaṃ na jahe āgacchatī”ti. Bahiddhārammaṇaṃ vuttaṃ sīhā byagghā dīpī acchā taracchā kokā mahiṃsā assā hatthī ahi vicchikā satapadī, corā vā assu mānavā vā katakammā vā akatakammā vā. Athāparena ākārena bhayaṃ vuccati ajjhattikaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ bhayaṃ bhayānakaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃso cetaso ubbego utrāso, jātibhayaṃ jarābhayaṃ byādhibhayaṃ maraṇabhayaṃ rājabhayaṃ corabhayaṃ aggibhayaṃ udakabhayaṃ attānuvādabhayaṃ parānuvādabhayaṃ daṇḍabhayaṃ duggatibhayaṃ ūmibhayaṃ kumbhīlabhayaṃ āvaṭṭabhayaṃ susukābhayaṃ [suṃsukābhayaṃ (syā.)] ājīvikabhayaṃ asilokabhayaṃ parisāya sārajjabhayaṃ madanabhayaṃ duggatibhayaṃ bhayaṃ bhayānakaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃso cetaso ubbego utrāso. Bheravesu ca na sampavedheyyāti bherave passitvā vā suṇitvā vā na vedheyya na pavedheyya na sampavedheyya na taseyya na uttaseyya na paritaseyya na bhāyeyya na santāsaṃ āpajjeyya, abhīrū assa achambhī anutrāsī apalāyī, pahīnabhayabheravo vigatalomahaṃso vihareyyāti – bheravesu ca na sampavedheyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Phassena yadā phuṭṭhassa, paridevaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci;
Bhavañca nābhijappeyya, bheravesu ca na sampavedheyyā”ti.
159.
Annānamatho pānānaṃ, khādanīyānamathopi vatthānaṃ;
Laddhā na sannidhiṃ kayirā, na ca parittase tāni alabhamāno.
Annānamatho pānānaṃ, khādanīyānamathopi vatthānanti. Annānanti odano kummāso sattu maccho maṃsaṃ. Pānānanti aṭṭha pānāni – ambapānaṃ, jambupānaṃ, cocapānaṃ, mocapānaṃ, madhupānaṃ, muddikapānaṃ, sālukapānaṃ, phārusakapānaṃ. Aparānipi aṭṭha pānāni – kosambapānaṃ, kolapānaṃ, badarapānaṃ, ghatapānaṃ, telapānaṃ, payopānaṃ, yāgupānaṃ, rasapānaṃ. Khādanīyānanti piṭṭhakhajjakaṃ, pūvakhajjakaṃ, mūlakhajjakaṃ, tacakhajjakaṃ, pattakhajjakaṃ, pupphakhajjakaṃ, phalakhajjakaṃ. Vatthānanti cha cīvarāni – khomaṃ, kappāsikaṃ, koseyyaṃ, kambalaṃ, sāṇaṃ, bhaṅganti – annānamatho pānānaṃ khādanīyānamathopi vatthānaṃ.
Laddhā na sannidhiṃ kayirāti. Laddhāti laddhā labhitvā adhigantvā vinditvā paṭilabhitvā na kuhanāya, na lapanāya, na nemittikatāya, na nippesikatāya, na lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatāya [nijigiṃsanatāya (sī. syā.)], na kaṭṭhadānena, na veḷudānena, na pattadānena, na pupphadānena, na phaladānena, na sinānadānena, na cuṇṇadānena, na mattikādānena, na dantakaṭṭhadānena, na mukhodakadānena, na cāṭukamyatāya, na muggasūpyatāya [na muggasuppatāya (sī.), na muggasūpatāya (syā.)], na pāribhaṭayayatāya, na pīṭhamaddikatāya [piṭṭhimaṃsikatāya (sī.), piṭṭhimaddikatāya (ka.)], na vatthuvijjāya, na tiracchānavijjāya, na aṅgavijjāya, na nakkhattavijjāya, na dūtagamanena, na pahiṇagamanena, na jaṅghapesaniyena, na vejjakammena, na navakammena, na piṇḍapaṭipiṇḍakena, na dānānuppadānena dhammena samena laddhā labhitvā adhigantvā vinditvā paṭilabhitvāti – laddhā. Na sannidhiṃ kayirāti annasannidhiṃ pānasannidhiṃ vatthasannidhiṃ yānasannidhiṃ sayanasannidhiṃ gandhasannidhiṃ āmisasannidhiṃ na kareyya na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyyāti – laddhā na sannidhiṃ kayirā.
Na ca parittase tāni alabhamānoti. Annaṃ vā na labhāmi, pānaṃ vā na labhāmi, vatthaṃ vā na labhāmi, kulaṃ vā na labhāmi, gaṇaṃ vā na labhāmi, āvāsaṃ vā na labhāmi, lābhaṃ vā na labhāmi, yasaṃ vā na labhāmi, pasaṃsaṃ vā na labhāmi, sukhaṃ vā na labhāmi, cīvaraṃ vā na labhāmi, piṇḍapātaṃ vā na labhāmi, senāsanaṃ vā na labhāmi, gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ vā na labhāmi, gilānupaṭṭhākaṃ vā na labhāmi, “appaññātomhī”ti na taseyya na uttaseyya na parittaseyya na bhāyeyya na santāsaṃ āpajjeyya, abhīrū assa achambhī anutrāsī apalāyī, pahīnabhayabheravo vigatalomahaṃso vihareyyāti – na ca parittase tāni alabhamāno.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Annānamatho pānānaṃ, khādanīyānamathopi vatthānaṃ;
Laddhā na sannidhiṃ kayirā, na ca parittase tāni alabhamāno”ti.
160.
Jhāyī na pādalolassa, virame kukkuccā nappamajjeyya;
Athāsanesu sayanesu, appasaddesu bhikkhu vihareyya.
Jhāyī na pādalolassāti. Jhāyīti paṭhamenapi jhānena jhāyī, dutiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, tatiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, catutthenapi jhānena jhāyī, savitakkasavicārenapi jhānena jhāyī, avitakkavicāramattenapi jhānena jhāyī, avitakkaavicārenapi jhānena jhāyī, sappītikenapi jhānena jhāyī, nippītikenapi jhānena jhāyī, pītisahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, sātasahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, sukhasahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, upekkhāsahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, suññatenapi jhānena jhāyī, animittenapi jhānena jhāyī, appaṇihitenapi jhānena jhāyī, lokiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, lokuttarenapi jhānena jhāyī, jhānarato ekattamanuyutto paramatthagarukoti [sadatthagarukoti (sī. syā.)] – jhāyī.
Na pādalolassāti. Kathaṃ pādalolo hoti? Idhekacco pādaloliyena samannāgato hoti ārāmena ārāmaṃ uyyānena uyyānaṃ gāmena gāmaṃ nigamena nigamaṃ nagarena nagaraṃ raṭṭhena raṭṭhaṃ janapadena janapadaṃ dīghacārikaṃ anavaṭṭhitacārikaṃ anuyutto viharati. Evampi pādalolo hoti.
Atha vā bhikkhu antopisaṅghārāme pādaloliyena samannāgato hoti. Na atthahetu na kāraṇahetu uddhato avūpasantacitto pariveṇato pariveṇaṃ gacchati vihārato vihāraṃ gacchati aḍḍhayogato aḍḍhayogaṃ gacchati pāsādato pāsādaṃ gacchati hammiyato hammiyaṃ gacchati guhāya guhaṃ gacchati leṇato leṇaṃ gacchati kuṭito kuṭiṃ gacchati kūṭāgārato kūṭāgāraṃ gacchati aṭṭato aṭṭaṃ gacchati māḷato māḷaṃ gacchati uddaṇḍato uddaṇḍaṃ gacchati upaṭṭhānasālato upaṭṭhānasālaṃ gacchati maṇḍalamāḷato maṇḍalamāḷaṃ gacchati rukkhamūlato rukkhamūlaṃ gacchati. Yattha vā pana bhikkhū nisīdanti tahiṃ gacchati, tattha ekassa vā dutiyo hoti, dvinnaṃ vā tatiyo hoti, tiṇṇaṃ vā catuttho hoti. Tattha bahuṃ samphappalāpaṃ palapati, seyyathidaṃ – rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ yānakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ mālākathaṃ gandhakathaṃ ñātikathaṃ gāmakathaṃ nigamakathaṃ nagarakathaṃ janapadakathaṃ itthikathaṃ sūrakathaṃ visikhākathaṃ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṃ pubbapetakathaṃ nānattakathaṃ lokakkhāyikaṃ samuddakkhāyikaṃ iti bhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā. Evampi pādalolo hoti.
Na pādalolassāti. Pādaloliyaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, pādaloliyā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyya careyya vicareyya iriyeyya vatteyya pāleyya yapeyya yāpeyya, paṭisallānārāmo assa paṭisallānarato ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyutto anirākatajjhāno vipassanā samannāgato brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ jhāyī jhānarato ekattamanuyutto paramatthagarukoti – jhāyī na pādalolassa.
Virame kukkuccā nappamajjeyyāti. Kukkuccanti hatthakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ, pādakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ, hatthapādakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ, akappiye kappiyasaññitā, kappiye akappiyasaññitā, avajje vajjasaññitā, vajje avajjasaññitā, yaṃ evarūpaṃ kukkuccaṃ kukkuccāyanā kukkuccāyitattaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho – idaṃ vuccati kukkuccaṃ.
Api ca dvīhi kāraṇehi uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho – katattā ca akatattā ca. Kathaṃ katattā ca akatattā ca uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho? “Kataṃ me kāyaduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me kāyasucaritan”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho, “kataṃ me vacīduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me vacīsucaritan”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho, “kataṃ me manoduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me manosucaritanti…pe… “kato me pāṇātipāto, akatā me pāṇātipātā veramaṇī”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ…pe… manovilekho, “kataṃ me adinnādānaṃ… kato me kāmesumicchācāro… kato me musāvādo… katā me pisuṇavācā… katā me pharusavācā… kato me samphappalāpo… katā me abhijjhā… kato me byāpādo… katā me micchādiṭṭhi, akatā me sammādiṭṭhī”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho. Evaṃ katattā ca akatattā ca uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho.
Atha vā “sīlesumhi na paripūrakārī”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho, “indriyesumhi aguttadvāro”ti…pe… “bhojane amattaññumhī”ti… “jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttomhī”ti… “na satisampajaññena samannāgatomhī”ti… “abhāvitā me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā”ti… “abhāvitā me cattāro sammappadhānā”ti… “abhāvitā me cattāro iddhipādā”ti… “abhāvitāni me pañcindriyānī”ti… “abhāvitāni me pañca balānī”ti… “abhāvitā me satta bojjhaṅgā”ti… “abhāvito me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo”ti… “dukkhaṃ me apariññātan”ti… “samudayo me appahīno”ti… “maggo me abhāvito”ti… “nirodho me asacchikato”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho. Virame kukkuccāti kukkuccā ārameyya virameyya paṭivirameyya kukkuccaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya. Kukkuccā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – virame kukkuccā.
Nappamajjeyyāti sakkaccakārī assa sātaccakārī aṭṭhitakārī anolīnavuttiko anikkhittacchando anikkhittadhuro appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. “Kadāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggaṇheyyan”ti? Yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca thāmo ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. “Kadāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ…pe… paññākkhandhaṃ… vimuttikkhandhaṃ… vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ… kadāhaṃ apariññātaṃ vā dukkhaṃ parijāneyyaṃ, appahīne vā kilese pajaheyyaṃ, abhāvitaṃ vā maggaṃ bhāveyyaṃ, asacchikataṃ vā nirodhaṃ sacchikareyyan”ti? Yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca thāmo ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamādo kusalesu dhammesūti – virame kukkuccā nappamajjeyya.
Athāsanesu sayanesu, appasaddesu bhikkhu vihareyyāti. Athāti padasandhi…pe… āsanaṃ vuccati yattha nisīdati – mañco pīṭhaṃ bhisi taṭṭikā cammakhaṇḍo tiṇasanthāro paṇṇasanthāro palālasanthāro. Sayanaṃ vuccati senāsanaṃ vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhāti – athāsanesu sayanesu.
Appasaddesu bhikkhu vihareyyāti. Appasaddesu appanigghosesu vijanavātesu manussarāhasseyyakesu paṭisallānasāruppesu senāsanesu careyya vicareyya vihareyya iriyeyya vatteyya pāleyya yapeyya yāpeyyāti – athāsanesu sayanesu appasaddesu bhikkhu vihareyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Jhāyī na pādalolassa, virame kukkuccā nappamajjeyya;
Athāsanesu sayanesu, appasaddesu bhikkhu vihareyyā”ti.
161.
Niddaṃ na bahulīkareyya, jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya ātāpī;
Tandiṃ māyaṃ hassaṃ khiḍḍaṃ, methunaṃ vippajahe savibhūsaṃ.
Niddaṃ na bahulīkareyyāti. Rattindivaṃ chakoṭṭhāsaṃ kāretvā pañcakoṭṭhāsaṃ paṭipajjeyya ekakoṭṭhāsaṃ nippajjeyyāti – niddaṃ na bahulīkareyya.
Jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya ātāpīti. Idha bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheyya, rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheyya, rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeyya pādepādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasikaritvā, rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheyya.
Jāgariyaṃ bhajeyyāti jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya sambhajeyya seveyya niseveyya saṃseveyya paṭiseveyyāti – jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya.
Ātāpīti. Ātappaṃ vuccati vīriyaṃ [viriyaṃ (sī. syā.)]. Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho nikkamo parakkamo uyyāmo vāyāmo ussāho ussoḷhī thāmo ṭhiti asithilaparakkamatā anikkhittacchandatā anikkhittadhuratā dhurasampaggaho vīriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ vīriyabalaṃ sammāvāyāmo. Iminā ātāpena upeto samupeto upagato samupagato upapanno samupapanno samannāgato so vuccati ātāpīti – jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya ātāpī.
Tandiṃ māyaṃ hassaṃ khiḍḍaṃ, methunaṃ vippajahe savibhūsanti. Tandīti [tandinti (sī.)] tandī tandiyanā tandiyitattaṃ [natthi attadaṇḍasuttaniddese khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgepi] tandimanakatā ālasyaṃ ālasyāyanā ālasyāyitattaṃ. Māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā. Idhekacco kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā…pe… vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā tassa paṭicchādanahetu pāpikaṃ icchaṃ paṇidahati. Mā maṃ jaññāti [jaññūti (ka.)] icchati, mā maṃ jaññāti saṅkappeti, mā maṃ jaññāti vācaṃ bhāsati, mā maṃ jaññāti kāyena parakkamati. Yā evarūpā māyāvitā accasarā vañcanā nikati nikiraṇā pariharaṇā gūhanā parigūhanā chādanā paricchādanā [paṭicchādanā (sī. ka.) mahāniddese] anuttānīkammaṃ anāvikammaṃ vocchādanā pāpakiriyā – ayaṃ vuccati māyā. Hassanti idhekacco ativelaṃ dantavidaṃsakaṃ hasati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “kumārakamidaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ ativelaṃ dantavidaṃsakaṃ hasitan”ti.
Khiḍḍāti dve khiḍḍā – kāyikā ca khiḍḍā vācasikā ca khiḍḍā. Katamā kāyikā khiḍḍā? Hatthīhipi kīḷanti, assehipi kīḷanti, rathehipi kīḷanti, dhanūhipi kīḷanti, aṭṭhapadehipi kīḷanti, dasapadehipi kīḷanti, ākāsepi kīḷanti, parihārapathepi kīḷanti, santikāyapi kīḷanti, khalikāyapi kīḷanti, ghaṭikāyapi kīḷanti, salākahatthenapi kīḷanti, akkhenapi kīḷanti, paṅkacīrenapi kīḷanti, vaṅkakenapi kīḷanti, mokkhacikāyapi kīḷanti, ciṅgulakenapi kīḷanti, pattāḷhakenapi kīḷanti, rathakenapi kīḷanti, dhanukenapi kīḷanti, akkharikāyapi kīḷanti, manesikāyapi kīḷanti, yathāvajjenapi kīḷanti – ayaṃ kāyikā khiḍḍā. Katamā vācasikā khiḍḍā? Mukhabherikaṃ [mukhabheriyaṃ (syā.)] mukhālambaraṃ mukhaḍiṇḍimakaṃ [mukhadeṇḍimakaṃ (sī. syā.)] mukhavalimakaṃ mukhabheruḷakaṃ [mukhabherulakaṃ (sī.)] mukhadaddarikaṃ nāṭakaṃ lāpaṃ gītaṃ davakammaṃ – ayaṃ vācasikā khiḍḍā.
Methunadhammo nāma yo so asaddhammo gāmadhammo vasaladhammo duṭṭhullo odakantiko rahasso dvayaṃdvayasamāpatti. Kiṃkāraṇā vuccati methunadhammo? Ubhinnaṃ rattānaṃ sārattānaṃ avassutānaṃ pariyuṭṭhitānaṃ pariyādinnacittānaṃ ubhinnaṃ sadisānaṃ dhammoti, taṃkāraṇā vuccati methunadhammo. Yathā ubho kalahakārakā methunakāti vuccanti, ubho bhaṇḍanakārakā…pe… ubho bhassakārakā… ubho adhikaraṇakārakā… ubho vivādakārakā… ubho vādino… ubho sallāpakā methunakāti vuccanti; evameva ubhinnaṃ rattānaṃ sārattānaṃ avassutānaṃ pariyuṭṭhitānaṃ pariyādinnacittānaṃ ubhinnaṃ sadisānaṃ dhammoti, taṃkāraṇā vuccati methunadhammo.
Vibhūsāti dve vibhūsā – atthi agāriyassa vibhūsā, atthi pabbajitassa vibhūsā. Katamā agāriyassa vibhūsā? Kesā ca massu ca mālā ca gandhā ca vilepanā ca ābharaṇā ca pilandhanā ca vatthañca sayanāsanañca veṭhanañca ucchādanaṃ parimaddanaṃ nhāpanaṃ sambāhanaṃ ādāsaṃ añjanaṃ mālāvilepanaṃ mukhacuṇṇakaṃ mukhalepaṃ hatthabandhaṃ sikhābandhaṃ [vasikkhābandhaṃ (syā.)] daṇḍanāḷiyaṃ khaggaṃ chattaṃ citrā upāhanā uṇhīsaṃ maṇiṃ vāḷabījaniṃ odātāni vatthāni dīghadasāni iti vā – ayaṃ agāriyassa vibhūsā. Katamā pabbajitassa vibhūsā? Cīvaramaṇḍanā pattamaṇḍanā senāsanamaṇḍanā imassa vā pūtikāyassa bāhirānaṃ vā parikkhārānaṃ maṇḍanā vibhūsanā keḷanā parikeḷanā gedhitatā gedhitattaṃ capalatā cāpalyaṃ – ayaṃ pabbajitassa vibhūsā.
Tandiṃ māyaṃ hassaṃ khiḍḍaṃ, methunaṃ vippajahe savibhūsanti. Tandiñca māyañca hassañca khiḍḍañca methunadhammañca savibhūsaṃ saparivāraṃ saparibhaṇḍaṃ saparikkhāraṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyyāti – tandiṃ māyaṃ hassaṃ khiḍḍaṃ, methunaṃ vippajahe savibhūsaṃ.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Niddaṃ na bahulīkareyya, jāgariyaṃ bhajeyya ātāpī;
Tandiṃ māyaṃ hassaṃ khiḍḍaṃ, methunaṃ vippajahe savibhūsan”ti.
162.
Āthabbaṇaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, no vidahe athopi nakkhattaṃ;
Virutañca gabbhakaraṇaṃ, tikicchaṃ māmako na seveyya.
Āthabbaṇaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, no vidahe athopi nakkhattanti. Āthabbaṇikā āthabbaṇaṃ payojenti, nagare vā ruddhe [rundhe (ka.)] saṅgāme vā paccupaṭṭhite parasenapaccatthikesu paccāmittesu ītiṃ uppādenti, upaddavaṃ uppādenti, rogaṃ uppādenti, pajjarakaṃ karonti, sūlaṃ karonti, visūcikaṃ karonti, pakkhandikaṃ karonti. Evaṃ āthabbaṇikā āthabbaṇaṃ payojenti.
Supinapāṭhakā supinaṃ ādisanti, yo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ supinaṃ passati, evaṃ vipāko hoti. Yo majjhanhikasamayaṃ [majjhantikasamayaṃ (bahūsu)] supinaṃ passati, evaṃ vipāko hoti. Yo sāyanhasamayaṃ supinaṃ passati, evaṃ vipāko hoti. Yo purime yāme…pe… yo majjhime yāme… yo pacchime yāme… yo dakkhiṇena passena nipanno… yo vāmena passena nipanno… yo uttānaṃ nipanno… yo avakujja nipanno… yo candaṃ passati… yo sūriyaṃ passati… yo mahāsamuddaṃ passati… yo sineruṃ pabbatarājānaṃ passati… yo hatthiṃ passati… yo assaṃ passati… yo rathaṃ passati… yo pattiṃ passati… yo senābyūhaṃ passati… yo ārāmarāmaṇeyyakaṃ passati… yo vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ passati… yo bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ passati… yo pokkharaṇīrāmaṇeyyakaṃ [pokkharaṇirāmaṇeyyakaṃ (syā.)] passati, evaṃ vipāko hotīti. Evaṃ supinapāṭhakā supinaṃ ādisanti.
Lakkhaṇapāṭhakā lakkhaṇaṃ ādisanti – maṇilakkhaṇaṃ daṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ vatthalakkhaṇaṃ asilakkhaṇaṃ usulakkhaṇaṃ dhanulakkhaṇaṃ āvudhalakkhaṇaṃ itthilakkhaṇaṃ purisalakkhaṇaṃ kumārikālakkhaṇaṃ kumāralakkhaṇaṃ dāsilakkhaṇaṃ dāsalakkhaṇaṃ hatthilakkhaṇaṃ assalakkhaṇaṃ mahiṃsalakkhaṇaṃ usabhalakkhaṇaṃ goṇalakkhaṇaṃ ajalakkhaṇaṃ meṇḍalakkhaṇaṃ kukkuṭalakkhaṇaṃ vaṭṭalakkhaṇaṃ godhālakkhaṇaṃ kaṇṇikālakkhaṇaṃ kacchapalakkhaṇaṃ migalakkhaṇaṃ iti vāti. Evaṃ lakkhaṇapāṭhakā lakkhaṇaṃ ādisanti.
Nakkhattapāṭhakā nakkhattaṃ ādisanti. Aṭṭhavīsati nakkhattāni. Iminā nakkhattena gharappaveso kattabbo, iminā nakkhattena makuṭaṃ bandhitabbaṃ, iminā nakkhattena vāreyyaṃ kāretabbaṃ, iminā nakkhattena bījanīhāro [bījanihāro (syā. ka.)] kattabbo, iminā nakkhattena saṃvāso [gharavāso (syā.)] gantabboti. Evaṃ nakkhattapāṭhakā nakkhattaṃ ādisanti.
Āthabbaṇaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, no vidahe athopi nakkhattanti. Āthabbaṇañca supinañca lakkhaṇañca nakkhattañca no vidaheyya na careyya na samācareyya na samādāya vatteyya. Atha vā na gaṇheyya na uggaṇheyya na dhāreyya na upadhāreyya na upalakkheyya nappayojeyyāti – āthabbaṇaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, no vidahe athopi nakkhattaṃ.
Virutañca gabbhakaraṇaṃ, tikicchaṃ māmako na seveyyāti. Virutaṃ vuccati migavākkaṃ. Migavākkapāṭhakā [migacakkaṃ. migacakkapāṭhakā (syā.)] migavākkaṃ ādisanti – sakuntānaṃ vā catuppadānaṃ vā rutaṃ [rudaṃ (syā.)] vassitaṃ jānantīti. Evaṃ migavākkapāṭhakā migavākkaṃ ādisanti. Gabbhakaraṇīyā gabbhaṃ saṇṭhāpenti. Dvīhi kāraṇehi gabbho na saṇṭhāti – pāṇakehi vā vātakuppehi vā. Pāṇakānaṃ vā vātakuppānaṃ vā paṭighātāya osadhaṃ dentīti. Evaṃ gabbhakaraṇīyā gabbhaṃ saṇṭhāpenti. Tikicchāti pañca tikicchā – sālākiyaṃ, sallakattiyaṃ, kāyatikicchaṃ, bhūtiyaṃ, komārabhaccaṃ. Māmakoti buddhamāmako dhammamāmako saṅghamāmako, so vā bhagavantaṃ mamāyati bhagavā vā taṃ puggalaṃ pariggaṇhāti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū kuhā thaddhā lapā siṅgī unnaḷā asamāhitā na me te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū māmakā, apagatā ca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmā dhammavinayā, na ca te bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti. Ye ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhū nikkuhā nillapā dhīrā atthaddhā susamāhitā te kho me, bhikkhave, bhikkhū māmakā na ca apagatā te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmā dhammavinayā, te ca bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti”.
“Kuhā thaddhā lapā siṅgī, unnaḷā asamāhitā;
Na te dhamme virūhanti, sammāsambuddhadesite.
“Nikkuhā nillapā dhīrā, atthaddhā susamāhitā;
Te ve dhamme virūhanti, sammāsambuddhadesite”.
Virutañca gabbhakaraṇaṃ, tikicchaṃ māmako na seveyyāti. Virutañca gabbhakaraṇañca tikicchañca māmako na seveyya na niseveyya na saṃseveyya nappaṭiseveyya na careyya na samācareyya na samādāya vatteyya. Atha vā na gaṇheyya na uggaṇheyya na dhāreyya na upadhāreyya na upalakkheyya nappayojeyyāti – virutañca gabbhakaraṇaṃ tikicchaṃ māmako na seveyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Āthabbaṇaṃ supinaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, no vidahe athopi nakkhattaṃ;
Virutañca gabbhakaraṇaṃ, tikicchaṃ māmako na seveyyā”ti.
163.
Nindāya nappavedheyya, na unnameyya pasaṃsito bhikkhu;
Lobhaṃ saha macchariyena, kodhaṃ pesuṇiyañca panudeyya.
Nindāya nappavedheyyāti. Idhekacce bhikkhū nindanti jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunā nindanti garahanti upavadanti, nindito garahito upavadito nindāya garahāya upavādena akittiyā avaṇṇahārikāya na vedheyya nappavedheyya na sampavedheyya na taseyya na uttaseyya na paritaseyya na bhāyeyya na santāsaṃ āpajjeyya, abhīrū assa achambhī anutrāsī apalāyī, pahīnabhayabheravo vigatalomahaṃso vihareyyāti – nindāya nappavedheyya.
Na unnameyya pasaṃsito bhikkhūti. Idhekacce bhikkhū pasaṃsanti jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunā pasaṃsanti thomenti kittenti vaṇṇenti, pasaṃsito thomito kittito vaṇṇito pasaṃsāya thomanena kittiyā vaṇṇahārikāya unnatiṃ na kareyya unnamaṃ na kareyya mānaṃ na kareyya thambhaṃ na kareyya, na tena mānaṃ janeyya na tena thaddho assa patthaddho paggahitasiroti – na unnameyya pasaṃsito bhikkhu.
Lobhaṃ saha macchariyena, kodhaṃ pesuṇiyañca panudeyyāti. Lobhoti yo lobho lubbhanā lubbhitattaṃ sārāgo sārajjanā sārajjitattaṃ abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Macchariyanti pañca macchariyāni – āvāsamacchariyaṃ…pe… gāho vuccati macchariyaṃ. Kodhoti yo cittassa āghāto paṭighāto paṭighaṃ paṭivirodho, kopo pakopo sampakopo, doso padoso sampadoso, cittassa byāpatti manopadoso, kodho kujjhanā kujjhitattaṃ, doso dussanā dussitattaṃ, byāpattiṃ byāpajjanā byāpajjitattaṃ, virodho paṭivirodho caṇḍikkaṃ asuropo anattamanatā cittassa. Pesuññanti idhekacco pisuṇavāco hoti ito sutvā amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti samaggānaṃ vā bhettā bhinnānaṃ vā anuppadātā, vaggārāmo vaggarato vagganandī vaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti – idaṃ vuccati pesuññaṃ.
Api ca dvīhi kāraṇehi pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati – piyakamyatāya vā bhedādhippāyena vā. Kathaṃ piyakamyatāya pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati? Imassa piyo bhavissāmi manāpo bhavissāmi vissāsiko bhavissāmi abbhantariko bhavissāmi suhadayo bhavissāmīti. Evaṃ piyakamyatāya pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati. Kathaṃ bhedādhippāyena pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati? Kathaṃ ime nānā assu vinā assu vaggā assu dvedhā assu dvejjhā assu dve pakkhā assu bhijjheyyuṃ na samāgaccheyyuṃ dukkhaṃ na phāsu vihareyyunti. Evaṃ bhedādhippāyena pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati. Lobhaṃ saha macchariyena, kodhaṃ pesuṇiyañca panudeyyāti. Lobhañca macchariyañca kodhañca pesuññañca nudeyya panudeyya pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyyāti – lobhaṃ saha macchariyena, kodhaṃ pesuṇiyañca panudeyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Nindāya nappavedheyya, na unnameyya pasaṃsito bhikkhu;
Lobhaṃ saha macchariyena, kodhaṃ pesuṇiyañca panudeyyā”ti.
164.
Kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyya, upavādaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci;
Gāme ca nābhisajjeyya, lābhakamyā janaṃ na lapayeyya.
Kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyyāti. Ye kayavikkayā vinaye paṭikkhittā na te imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā. Kathaṃ kayavikkaye tiṭṭhati? Pañcannaṃ saddhiṃ pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā kiñci parikkhāraṃ vañcaniyaṃ vā karonto udayaṃ vā patthayanto parivatteti. Evaṃ kayavikkaye tiṭṭhati. Kathaṃ kayavikkaye na tiṭṭhati? Pañcannaṃ saddhiṃ pattaṃ vā cīvaraṃ vā aññaṃ vā kiñci parikkhāraṃ na vañcaniyaṃ vā karonto na udayaṃ vā patthayanto parivatteti. Evaṃ kayavikkaye na tiṭṭhati. Kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyyāti. Kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyya na santiṭṭheyya, kayavikkayaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, kayavikkayā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyya.
Upavādaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñcīti. Katame upavādakarāti kilesā? Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā iddhimanto dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduno, te dūratopi passanti āsannāpi na dissanti cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānanti, devatāpi kho santi iddhimantiniyo dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduniyo, tā dūratopi passanti, āsannāpi na dissanti cetasāpi cittaṃ pajānanti. Te oḷārikehi vā kilesehi majjhimehi vā kilesehi sukhumehi vā kilesehi upavadeyyuṃ. Katame oḷārikā kilesā? Kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ – ime vuccanti oḷārikā kilesā. Katame majjhimā kilesā? Kāmavitakko byāpādavitakko vihiṃsāvitakko – ime vuccanti majjhimā kilesā. Katame sukhumā kilesā? Ñātivitakko, janapadavitakko, aparavitakko, parānudayatā paṭisaññutto vitakko, lābhasakkārasilokapaṭisaññutto vitakko, anavaññattipaṭisaññutto vitakko – ime vuccanti sukhumā kilesā. Te oḷārikehi vā kilesehi majjhimehi vā kilesehi sukhumehi vā kilesehi na upavadeyya upavādaṃ na kareyya upavādakare kilese na kareyya na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyya, upavādakare kilese pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, upavādakarehi kilesehi ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyya. Kuhiñcīti kuhiñci kimhici katthaci ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā ajjhattabahiddhā vāti – upavādaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci.
Gāme ca nābhisajjeyyāti. Kathaṃ gāme sajjati? Idha bhikkhu gāme gihīhi saṃsaṭṭho viharati sahanandī sahasokī sukhitesu sukhito dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā voyogaṃ āpajjati. Evampi gāme sajjati.
Atha vā bhikkhu pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati arakkhiteneva kāyena arakkhitāya vācāya arakkhitena cittena anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā asaṃvutehi indriyehi. So tatra tatra sajjati tatra tatra gaṇhāti tatra tatra bajjhati tatra tatra anayabyasanaṃ āpajjati. Evampi gāme sajjati.
Kathaṃ gāme na sajjati? Idha bhikkhu gāme gihīhi asaṃsaṭṭho viharati na sahanandī na sahasokī na sukhitesu sukhito na dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu na attanā voyogaṃ āpajjati. Evampi gāme na sajjati.
Atha vā bhikkhu pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati rakkhiteneva kāyena rakkhitāya vācāya rakkhitena cittena upaṭṭhitāya satiyā saṃvutehi indriyehi. So tatra tatra na sajjati tatra tatra na gaṇhāti tatra tatra na bajjhati tatra tatra na anayabyasanaṃ āpajjati. Evampi gāme na sajjati. Gāme ca nābhisajjeyyāti gāme na sajjeyya na gaṇheyya na bajjheyya na palibajjheyya, agiddho assa agadhito amucchito anajjhosanno vītagedho vigatagedho cattagedho…pe… brahmabhūtena attanā vihareyyāti – gāme ca nābhisajjeyya.
Lābhakamyā janaṃ na lapayeyyāti. Katamā lapanā? Lābhasakkārasilokasannissitassa pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa āmisacakkhukassa lokadhammagarukassa yā paresaṃ ālapanā lapanā sallapanā ullapanā samullapanā unnahanā samunnahanā ukkācanā samukkācanā [ukkāpanā samukkāpanā (syā.)] anupiyabhāṇitā cātukamyatā muggasūpyatā pāribhaṭayatā parapiṭṭhimaṃsikatā [piṭṭhimaṃsikatā (ka.) visuddhimagge sīlaniddesavaṇṇanā oloketabbā], yā tattha saṇhavācatā sakhilavācatā sithilavācatā [mettavācakatā (syā.)] apharusavācatā – ayaṃ vuccati lapanā.
Api ca dvīhi kāraṇehi janaṃ lapati – attānaṃ vā nīcaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ uccaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati, attānaṃ vā uccaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ nīcaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati. Kathaṃ attānaṃ nīcaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ uccaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati? “Tumhe me bahūpakārā, ahaṃ tumhe nissāya labhāmi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, yepi me aññe dātuṃ vā kātuṃ vā maññanti, tumhe nissāya tumhe sampassantā yampi me purāṇaṃ mātāpettikaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ tampi me antarahitaṃ. Tumhehi ahaṃ ñāyāmi asukassa kulūpako asukāya kulūpako”ti. Evaṃ attānaṃ nīcaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ uccaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati.
Kathaṃ attānaṃ uccaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ nīcaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati? “Ahaṃ tumhākaṃ bahūpakāro, tumhe maṃ āgamma buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā, musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā. Ahaṃ tumhākaṃ uddesaṃ demi, paripucchaṃ demi, uposathaṃ ācikkhāmi, navakammaṃ adhiṭṭhāmi. Atha pana tumhe maṃ ujjhitvā aññe sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjethā”ti. Evaṃ attānaṃ uccaṃ ṭhapento paraṃ nīcaṃ ṭhapento janaṃ lapati.
Lābhakamyā janaṃ na lapayeyyāti. Lābhahetu lābhapaccayā lābhakāraṇā lābhābhinibbattiyā lābhaṃ paripācento janaṃ na lapayeyya, lapanaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, lapanā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – lābhakamyā janaṃ na lapayeyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Kayavikkaye na tiṭṭheyya, upavādaṃ bhikkhu na kareyya kuhiñci;
Gāme ca nābhisajjeyya, lābhakamyā janaṃ na lapayeyyā”ti.
165.
Na ca katthiko [katthitā (syā. ka.)] siyā bhikkhu, na ca vācaṃ payuttaṃ bhāseyya;
Pāgabbhiyaṃ na sikkheyya, kathaṃ viggāhikaṃ na kathayeyya.
Na ca katthiko siyā bhikkhūti. Idhekacco katthī hoti vikatthī. So katthati vikatthati ahamasmi sīlasampannoti vā vatasampannoti vā sīlabbatasampannoti vā jātiyā vā gottena vā kolaputtiyena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā dhanena vā ajjhenena vā kammāyatanena vā sippāyatanena vā vijjāṭṭhānena vā sutena vā paṭibhānena vā aññataraññatarena vā vatthunā. Uccā kulā pabbajitoti vā mahābhogakulā pabbajitoti vā uḷārabhogakulā pabbajitoti vā suttantikoti vā vinayadharoti vā dhammakathikoti vā āraññikoti vā…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhīti vā katthati vikatthati. Evaṃ na kattheyya na vikattheyya, katthaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, katthanā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – na ca katthiko siyā bhikkhu.
Na ca vācaṃ payuttaṃ bhāseyyāti. Katamā payuttavācā? Idhekacco cīvarapayuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, piṇḍapātapayuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, senāsanapayuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārapayuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati – ayampi vuccati payuttavācā.
Atha vā cīvarahetu piṇḍapātahetu senāsanahetu gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu saccampi bhaṇati musāpi bhaṇati, pisuṇampi bhaṇati apisuṇampi bhaṇati, pharusampi bhaṇati apharusampi bhaṇati, samphappalāpampi bhaṇati asamphappalāpampi bhaṇati, mantāpi vācaṃ bhāsati – ayampi vuccati payuttavācā. Atha vā pasannacitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – “aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvāva dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyun”ti – ayaṃ vuccati payuttavācā. Na ca vācaṃ payuttaṃ bhāseyyāti. Antamaso dhammadesanaṃ vācaṃ upādāya payuttavācaṃ na bhāseyya na katheyya na bhaṇeyya na dīpeyya na vohareyya, payuttaṃ vācaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, payuttavācāya ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – na ca vācaṃ payuttaṃ bhāseyya.
Pāgabbhiyaṃ na sikkheyyāti. Pāgabbhiyanti tīṇi pāgabbhiyāni – kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ, vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ, cetasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ. Katamaṃ kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ? Idhekacco saṅghagatopi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, gaṇagatopi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, bhojanasālāyapi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, jantāgharepi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, udakatitthepi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, antaragharaṃ pavisantopi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhopi kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ saṅghagato kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco saṅghagato acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayantopi nisīdati, puratopi tiṭṭhati, puratopi nisīdati, uccepi āsane nisīdati, sasīsaṃ pārupitvā nisīdati, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati. Evaṃ saṅghagato kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ gaṇagato kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco gaṇagato acittīkārakato therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupāhanānaṃ caṅkamantānaṃ saupāhano caṅkamati, nīce caṅkame caṅkamantānaṃ ucce caṅkame caṅkamati, chamāya caṅkamantānaṃ caṅkame caṅkamati, ghaṭṭayantopi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayantopi nisīdati, puratopi tiṭṭhati, puratopi nisīdati, uccepi āsane nisīdati, sasīsaṃ pārupitvāpi nisīdati, ṭhitopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati. Evaṃ gaṇagato kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ bhojanasālāya kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco bhojanasālāya acittīkārakato there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdati, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhati, ghaṭṭayantopi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayantopi nisīdati, puratopi tiṭṭhati, puratopi nisīdati, uccepi āsane nisīdati, sasīsaṃ pārupitvā nisīdati, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati. Evaṃ bhojanasālāya kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ jantāghare kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco jantāghare acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi tiṭṭhati, ghaṭṭayantopi nisīdati, puratopi tiṭṭhati, puratopi nisīdati, uccepi āsane nisīdati, anāpucchāpi kaṭṭhaṃ pakkhipati, anāpucchāpi dvāraṃ pidahati. Evaṃ jantāghare kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ udakatitthe kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco udakatitthe acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi otarati, puratopi otarati, ghaṭṭayantopi nhāyati, puratopi nhāyati, uparitopi nhāyati, ghaṭṭayantopi uttarati, puratopi uttarati. Evaṃ udakatitthe kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ antaragharaṃ pavisanto kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco antaragharaṃ pavisanto acittīkārakato there bhikkhū ghaṭṭayantopi gacchati, puratopi gacchati, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato gacchati. Evaṃ antaragharaṃ pavisanto kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho “na pavisa, bhante”ti vuccamāno pavisati, “na tiṭṭha, bhante”ti vuccamāno tiṭṭhati, “na nisīda, bhante”ti vuccamāno nisīdati, anokāsampi pavisati, anokāsepi tiṭṭhati, anokāsepi nisīdati, yānipi tāni honti kulānaṃ ovarakāni gūḷhāni ca paṭicchannāni ca, yattha kulitthiyo kuladhītaro kulasuṇhāyo kulakumāriyo nisīdanti tatthapi sahasā pavisati, kumārakassa sīsampi parāmasati. Evaṃ antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti – idaṃ kāyikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ.
Katamaṃ vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ? Idhekacco saṅghagatopi vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, gaṇagatopi vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhopi vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti. Kathaṃ saṅghagato vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco saṅghagato acittīkārakato there bhikkhū anāpucchaṃ vā anajjhiṭṭho vā ārāmagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇati, pañhaṃ visajjeti, pātimokkhaṃ uddisati, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati. Evaṃ saṅghagato vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ gaṇagato vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco gaṇagato acittīkārakato there bhikkhū anāpucchaṃ vā anajjhiṭṭho vā ārāmagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇati, pañhaṃ visajjeti, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati; ārāmagatānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ dhammaṃ bhaṇati, pañhaṃ visajjeti, ṭhitakopi bhaṇati, bāhāvikkhepakopi bhaṇati. Evaṃ gaṇagato vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti.
Kathaṃ antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti? Idhekacco antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho itthiṃ vā kumāriṃ vā evamāha – “itthannāme itthaṃgotte kiṃ atthi? Yāgu atthi, bhattaṃ atthi, khādanīyaṃ atthi? Kiṃ pivissāma, kiṃ bhuñjissāma, kiṃ khādissāma, kiṃ vā atthi, kiṃ vā me dassathā”ti vippalapati. Evaṃ antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ dasseti – idaṃ vācasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ.
Katamaṃ cetasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ? Idhekacco na uccā kulā pabbajito samāno uccā kulā pabbajitena saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na mahābhogakulā pabbajito samāno mahābhogakulā pabbajitena saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na uḷārabhogakulā pabbajito samāno uḷārabhogakulā pabbajitena saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na suttantiko samāno suttantikena saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na vinayadharo samāno vinayadharena… na dhammakathiko samāno dhammakathikena… na āraññiko samāno āraññakena… na piṇḍapātiko samāno piṇḍapātikena… na paṃsukūliko samāno paṃsukūlikena… na tecīvariko samāno tecīvarakena… na sapadānacāriko samāno sapadānacārikena… na khalupacchābhattiko samāno khalupacchābhattikena… na nesajjiko samāno nesaññikena… na yathāsanthatiko samāno yathāsanthatikena saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī samāno paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhinā saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena, na dutiyassa jhānassa lābhī samāno dutiyassa… na tatiyassa jhānassa lābhī samāno tatiyassa… na catutthassa jhānassa lābhī samāno lābhī samāno catutthassa… na ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī samāno ākāsanañcāyatanasamāpattiyā… na viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī samāno viññāṇañcāyatana samāpattiyā… na ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī samāno ākiñcaññāyatana samāpattiyā… na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhī samāno nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā lābhinā saddhiṃ sadisaṃ attānaṃ karoti cittena – idaṃ cetasikaṃ pāgabbhiyaṃ. Na sikkheyyāti pāgabbhiyaṃ na sikkheyya na careyya na ācareyya na samācareyya na samādāya vatteyya, pāgabbhiyaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, pāgabbhiyā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – pāgabbhiyaṃ na sikkheyya.
Kathaṃ viggāhikaṃ na kathayeyyāti. Katamā viggāhikā kathā? Idhekacco evarūpiṃ kathaṃ kattā hoti – “na tvaṃ imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ ājānāsi…pe… nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosī”ti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “viggāhikāya kho, moggallāna, kathāya sati kathābāhullaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ, kathābāhulle sati uddhaccaṃ, uddhatassa asaṃvaro, asaṃvutassa ārā cittaṃ samādhimhā”ti. Kathaṃ viggāhikaṃ na kathayeyyāti. Viggāhikaṃ kathaṃ na katheyya na bhaṇeyya na dīpeyya na vohareyya, viggāhikaṃ kathaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, viggāhikakathāya ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – kathaṃ viggāhikaṃ na kathayeyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Na ca katthiko siyā bhikkhu, na ca vācaṃ payuttaṃ bhāseyya;
Pāgabbhiyaṃ na sikkheyya, kathaṃ viggāhikaṃ na kathayeyyā”ti.
166.
Mosavajje na niyyetha, sampajāno saṭhāni na kayirā;
Atha jīvitena paññāya, sīlabbatena nāññamatimaññe.
Mosavajje na niyyethāti. Mosavajjaṃ vuccati musāvādo. Idhekacco sabhaggato [sabhāgaggato (sī. ka.)] vā parisaggato [parisagato (sī. ka.)] vā…pe… āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti – idaṃ vuccati mosavajjaṃ. Api ca tīhākārehi musāvādo hoti – pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti, imehi tīhākārehi musāvādo hoti. Api ca catūhākārehi… pañcahākārehi… chahākārehi… sattahākārehi… aṭṭhahākārehi… musāvādo hoti – pubbevassa hoti “musā bhaṇissan”ti, bhaṇantassa hoti “musā bhaṇāmī”ti, bhaṇitassa hoti “musā mayā bhaṇitan”ti vinidhāya diṭṭhiṃ vinidhāya khantiṃ vinidhāya ruciṃ vinidhāya saññaṃ vinidhāya bhāvaṃ – imehi aṭṭhahākārehi musāvādo hoti. Mosavajje na niyyethāti. Mosavajje na yāyeyya na niyyāyeyya na vaheyya [na vuyheyya (sī. ka.), natthi syā. potthake] na saṃhareyya, mosavajjaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, mosavajjā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – mosavajje na niyyetha.
Sampajāno saṭhāni na kayirāti. Katamaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ? Idhekacco saṭho hoti parisaṭho, yaṃ tattha saṭhaṃ saṭhatā sāṭheyyaṃ kakkaratā kakkariyaṃ parikkhattatā pārikkhattiyaṃ – idaṃ vuccati sāṭheyyaṃ. Sampajāno saṭhāni na kayirāti. Sampajāno hutvā sāṭheyyaṃ na kareyya na janeyya na sañjaneyya na nibbatteyya nābhinibbatteyya, sāṭheyyaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, sāṭheyyā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – sampajāno saṭhāni na kayirā.
Atha jīvitena paññāya, sīlabbatena nāññamatimaññeti. Athāti padasandhi…pe… padānupubbatāpetaṃ – athāti. Idhekacco lūkhajīvitaṃ jīvanto paraṃ paṇītajīvitaṃ jīvantaṃ atimaññati – “kiṃ panāyaṃ bahulājīvo sabbaṃ saṃbhakkheti, seyyathidaṃ – mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījameva pañcamaṃ asanivicakkadantakūṭasamaṇappadhānenā”ti [asanīva cakkaṃ dantakūṭaṃ samaṇappadhānenāti (sī.)]. So tāya lūkhajīvitāya paraṃ paṇītajīvitaṃ jīvantaṃ atimaññati.
Idhekacco paṇītajīvitaṃ jīvanto paraṃ lūkhajīvitaṃ jīvantaṃ atimaññati – “kiṃ panāyaṃ appapuñño appesakkho na lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānan”ti. So tāya paṇītajīvitāya paraṃ lūkhajīvitaṃ jīvantaṃ atimaññati. Idhekacco paññāsampanno hoti. So puṭṭho pañhaṃ visajjeti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – “ahamasmi paññāsampanno, ime panaññe na paññāsampannā”ti. So tāya paññāsampadāya paraṃ atimaññati. Idhekacco sīlasampanno hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Tassa evaṃ hoti – “ahamasmi sīlasampanno, ime panaññe bhikkhū dussīlā pāpadhammā”ti. So tāya sīlasampadāya paraṃ atimaññati. Idhekacco vatasampanno hoti āraññiko vā piṇḍapātiko vā paṃsukūliko vā tecīvariko vā sapadānacāriko vā khalupacchābhattiko vā nesajjiko vā yathāsanthatiko vā. Tassa evaṃ hoti – “ahamasmi vata sampanno, ime panaññe na vatasampannā”ti. So tāya vatasampadāya paraṃ atimaññati. Atha jīvitena paññāya, sīlabbatena nāññamatimaññeti. Lūkhajīvitāya vā paṇītajīvitāya vā paññāsampadāya vā sīlasampadāya vā vatasampadāya vā paraṃ nātimaññeyya, nāvajāneyya, na tena mānaṃ janeyya, na tena thaddho assa, patthaddho paggahitasiroti – atha jīvitena paññāya sīlabbatena nāññamatimaññe.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Mosavajje na niyyetha, sampajāno saṭhāni na kayirā;
Atha jīvitena paññāya, sīlabbatena nāññamatimaññe”ti.
167.
Sutvā rusito [dūsito (sī. syā.)] bahuṃ vācaṃ, samaṇānaṃ vā puthujanānaṃ [puthuvacanānaṃ (sī. syā.)] ;
Pharusena ne na paṭivajjā, na hi santo paṭiseniṃ karonti [paṭiseni karoti (syā.)] .
Sutvā rusito bahuṃ vācaṃ, samaṇānaṃ puthujanānanti. Rusitoti dūsito khuṃsito ghaṭṭito vambhito garahito upavadito. Samaṇānanti ye keci ito bahiddhā paribbajūpagatā paribbajasamāpannā. Puthujanānanti khattiyā ca brāhmaṇā ca vessā ca suddā ca gahaṭṭhā ca pabbajitā ca devā ca manussā ca, te bahukāhi vācāhi aniṭṭhāhi akantāhi amanāpāhi akkoseyyuṃ paribhāseyyuṃ roseyyuṃ viroseyyuṃ hiṃseyyuṃ vihiṃseyyuṃ heṭheyyuṃ viheṭheyyuṃ ghāteyyuṃ upaghāteyyuṃ upaghātaṃ kareyyuṃ tesaṃ bahuṃ vācaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ akantaṃ amanāpaṃ sutvā suṇitvā uggahitvā upadhārayitvā upalakkhayitvāti – sutvā rusito bahuṃ vācaṃ, samaṇānaṃ vā puthujanānaṃ.
Pharusena ne na paṭivajjāti. Pharusenāti pharusena kakkhaḷena na paṭivajjā nappaṭibhaṇeyya, akkosantaṃ na paccakkoseyya, rosantaṃ nappaṭiroseyya, bhaṇḍanaṃ nappaṭibhaṇḍeyya na kalahaṃ kareyya na bhaṇḍanaṃ kareyya na viggahaṃ kareyya na vivādaṃ kareyya na medhagaṃ kareyya, kalahabhaṇḍanaviggahavivādamedhagaṃ pajaheyya vinodeyya byantiṃ kareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyya, kalahabhaṇḍanaviggahavivādamedhagā ārato assa virato paṭivirato nikkhanto nissaṭo vippamutto visaññutto vimariyādikatena cetasā vihareyyāti – pharusena ne na paṭivajjā.
Na hi santo paṭiseniṃ karontīti. Santoti rāgassa santattā santo, dosassa… mohassa… kodhassa… upanāhassa…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārānaṃ santattā samitattā vūpasamitattā vijjhātattā nibbutattā vigatattā paṭipassaddhattā santo upasanto vūpasanto nibbuto paṭipassaddhoti – santo. Na hi santo paṭiseniṃ karontīti. Santo paṭiseniṃ paṭimallaṃ paṭikaṇṭakaṃ [paṭibandhanaṃ (sī.)] paṭipakkhaṃ na karonti na janenti na sañjanenti na nibbattenti nābhinibbattentīti – na hi santo paṭiseniṃ karonti.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Sutvā rusito bahuṃ vācaṃ, samaṇānaṃ vā puthujanānaṃ;
Pharusena ne na paṭivajjā, na hi santo paṭiseniṃ karontī”ti.
168
Etañca dhammamaññāya, vicinaṃ bhikkhu sadā sato sikkhe;
Santīti nibbutiṃ ñatvā, sāsane gotamassa nappamajjeyya.
Etañca dhammamaññāyāti. Etanti ācikkhitaṃ desitaṃ paññapitaṃ paṭṭhapitaṃ vivaṭaṃ vibhattaṃ uttānīkataṃ pakāsitaṃ dhammaṃ aññāya jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvāti. Evampi etañca dhammamaññāya. Atha vā samañca visamañca pathañca vipathañca sāvajjañca anavajjañca hīnañca paṇītañca kaṇhañca sukkañca viññūgarahitañca viññūpasatthañca dhammaṃ aññāya jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvāti. Evampi etañca dhammamaññāya. Atha vā sammāpaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ aviruddhapaṭipadaṃ anvatthapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ sīlesu paripūrakāritaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ bhojane mattaññutaṃ jāgariyānuyogaṃ satisampajaññaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne cattāro sammappadhāne cattāro iddhipāde pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅge ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, nibbānañca nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ dhammaṃ aññāya jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvāti. Evampi tañca dhammamaññāya.
Vicinaṃ bhikkhu sadā sato sikkheti. Vicinanti vicinanto pavicinanto tulayanto tīrayanto vibhāvayanto vibhūtaṃ karonto. “Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā”ti…pe… “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman”ti vicinanto pavicinanto tulayanto tīrayanto vibhāvayanto vibhūtaṃ karontoti – vicinaṃ bhikkhu. Sadāti sadā sabbadā sabbakālaṃ…pe… pacchime vayokhandhe. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato…pe… so vuccati sato. Sikkheti tisso sikkhāyo – adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā…pe… ayaṃ adhipaññāsikkhā. Imā tisso sikkhāyo āvajjanto sikkheyya…pe… sikkheyya ācareyya samācareyya samādāya vatteyyāti – vicinaṃ bhikkhu sadā sato sikkhe.
Santīti nibbutiṃ ñatvāti. Rāgassa nibbutiṃ santīti ñatvā, dosassa… mohassa…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārānaṃ nibbutiṃ santīti ñatvā jānitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvāti – santīti nibbutiṃ ñatvā.
Sāsane gotamassa nappamajjeyyāti. Gotamassa sāsane buddhasāsane jinasāsane tathāgatasāsane devasāsane arahantasāsane. Nappamajjeyyāti sakkaccakārī assa sātaccakārī aṭṭhitakārī anolīnavuttiko anikkhittacchando anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. “Kadāhaṃ aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūreyyaṃ…pe… aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ… paññākkhandhaṃ… vimuttikkhandhaṃ… vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ? Kadāhaṃ apariññātaṃ vā dukkhaṃ parijāneyyaṃ, appahīne vā kilese pajaheyyaṃ, abhāvitaṃ vā maggaṃ bhāveyyaṃ, asacchikataṃ vā nirodhaṃ sacchikareyyan”ti? Yo tattha chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca thāmo ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca ātappaṃ padhānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ anuyogo appamādo kusalesu dhammesūti – sāsane gotamassa nappamajjeyya.
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Etañca dhammamaññāya, vicinaṃ bhikkhu sadā sato sikkhe;
Santīti nibbutiṃ ñatvā, sāsane gotamassa nappamajjeyyā”ti.
169.
Abhibhū hi so anabhibhūto, sakkhidhammamanītihamaddasi;
Tasmā hi tassa bhagavato sāsane, appamatto sadā namassamanusikkhe.[iti bhagavā]
Abhibhū hi so anabhibhūtoti. Abhibhūti rūpābhibhū [abhibhūtarūpā (syā.) evamaññesu pañcapadesupi] saddābhibhū gandhābhibhū rasābhibhū phoṭṭhabbābhibhū dhammābhibhū, anabhibhūto kehici kilesehi, abhibhosi ne pāpake [abhibhū hi ne hīne pāpake (sī. ka.), abhibhū hi pāpake (syā.)] akusale dhamme saṃkilesike ponobhavike sadare dukkhavipāke āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyeti – abhibhū hi so anabhibhūto.
Sakkhidhammamanītihamaddasīti. Sakkhidhammanti na itihitihaṃ na itikiriyāya na paramparāya na piṭakasampadāya na takkahetu na nayahetu na ākāraparivitakkena na diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā sāmaṃ sayamabhiññātaṃ attapaccakkhadhammaṃ addasi addakkhi apassi paṭivijjhīti – sakkhidhammamanītihamaddasi.
Tasmā hi tassa bhagavato sāsaneti. Tasmāti tasmā taṃkāraṇā taṃhetu tappaccayā taṃnidānā. Tassa bhagavato sāsaneti. Tassa bhagavato sāsane gotamasāsane buddhasāsane jinasāsane tathāgatasāsane devasāsane arahantasāsaneti – tasmā tassa bhagavato sāsane.
Appamatto sadā namassamanusikkhe (iti bhagavā)ti. Appamattoti sakkaccakārī…pe… appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Sadāti sadā sabbakālaṃ…pe… pacchime vayokhandhe. Namassanti kāyena vā namassamāno vācāya vā namassamāno cittena vā namassamāno anvatthapaṭipattiyā vā namassamāno dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā vā namassamāno sakkurumāno garukurumāno [sakkāramāno garukāramāno (syā.)] mānayamāno pūjayamāno apacayamāno. Anusikkheti tisso sikkhāyo – adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā…pe… ayaṃ adhipaññāsikkhā. Imā tisso sikkhāyo āvajjanto sikkheyya…pe… sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikaronto sikkheyya careyya ācareyya samācareyya samādāya vatteyya. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti yadidaṃ bhagavāti – appamatto sadā namassamanusikkhe. (Iti bhagavā).
Tenāha bhagavā –
“Abhibhū hi so anabhibhūto, sakkhidhammamanītihamaddasi;
Tasmā hi tassa bhagavato sāsane, appamatto sadā namassamanusikkhe”. [iti bhagavāti]
Tuvaṭṭakasuttaniddeso [tuvaṭakasuttaniddeso (sī. syā.) suttanipātepi] cuddasamo.
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第十四 迅速經之義釋
一 日種大仙我尊師 敬問遠離與寂句
比丘世間云何見 寂滅何物不取著 (九一五)
我問尊師日種〔之句中〕,問者,(一)為明解未見之問,(二)為已見令他合流之問,
(三)為斷疑念之問之三問。
(一)為明解未見之問者云何?原來〔某物〕之特相未知、未見、未考量、未度知、
未明暸,於未辨知時,為欲知彼,為見,為考量,為度知,為辨知而問。此是「為明解未見之問」。
(二)為已見令他合流之問者云何?原來已知〔某物〕之特相,見、考量、度知、
明暸、辨知之時,為以〔此〕與他之諸賢者〔之說〕令之合流而問。此是已見令他合流之問。
(三)為斷疑念之間者云何?原來〔對就某事〕「如斯耶?不然耶?為何耶?云何耶」
之疑念所襲,生疑惑之時,彼為斷此疑念而問。此是為斷疑念之問。有此等之三問。
更有(一)人問(二)非人問(三)化人問之三問。
(一)人問者云何?是人近於佛世尊而問。〔即〕比丘問,比丘尼問,優婆塞問,優
婆夷問,王問,剎帝利問,婆羅門問,毘舍問,首陀問,在家者問,出家者問。此是「人問」。
(二)非人問者云何?是非人近於佛世尊而問。〔即〕龍問,金翅鳥問,夜叉問,阿
修羅問,鍵闊婆問,大王問,帝釋問,梵天問,天神問。此是非人問。
(三)化人問者云何?世尊〔自〕有四肢五體,化作諸根完具意所成之色〔身〕,其
化人近於佛世尊而問,世尊回答彼,此是化人問。有此等之三問。
更有(一)過去問、(二)未來問、(三)兩義問之三問。
更有(一)現世義問、(二)來世義問、(三)兩義問之三問。
更有(一)無罪義問、(二)無煩惱義問、(三)淨白義問之三問。
更有(一)過去問、(二)未來問、(三)現在問之三問。
更有(一)內問、(二)外問、(三)內外問之三問。
更有(一)善問、(二)不善問、(三)無記問之三問。
更有(一)蘊問、(二)界問、(三)處問之三問。
更有(一)念住問、(二)正勤問、(三)神足問之三問。
更有(一)根問、(二)力問、(三)覺支問之三問。
更有(一)道問、(二)果問、(三)涅槃問之三問。
「我問尊師」者,我向尊師問,向尊師乞,向尊師求,向尊師信樂,請對我說,此是「我問尊師」。
「日種」者,是太陽。太陽之姓是瞿曇。世尊之姓亦是瞿曇。世尊是太陽與姓為
親戚故是日種〔太陽之親戚〕。故佛是日種。此是「我問尊師日種」〔之義〕。
「遠離、寂句於大仙」〔之句中〕,遠離者,是(一)身遠離、(二)心遠離、(三)依遠離之三遠離。
(一)身遠離者云何?於此有比丘,遠離臥座所,〔即〕以身遠離住於阿練若、樹下、
山岳、溪谷、山窟、塚墓、森林、露地、親於蒿積。彼獨行,獨住,獨坐,獨臥,
獨入村行乞,獨由行乞歸,獨密坐禪,獨經行,獨行,住,動作,作為,護持,維持。此是身遠離。
(二)心遠離者云何?入定於初禪者之心,遠離諸蓋。入定於第二禪者之心遠離尋、
伺。入定於第三禪者之心遠離喜。入定於第四禪者之心遠離苦樂。入定於空無邊者
之心遠離色想、有對想、種種想。入定於識無邊處者之心遠離空無邊處想。入定於
無所有處者之心遠離識無邊處想。入定於非想非非想處定者之心遠離無所有處想。
須陀恒之心遠離有身見、疑、戒禁取、見隨眠、疑隨眠及其一起之諸煩惱。斯陀含
之心遠離粗之愛欲結、瞋恚結、粗愛染隨眠、瞋恚隨眠及其一起之諸煩惱。阿那含
之心遠離微俱之愛欲結、瞋恚結、微俱之愛染隨眠、瞋恚隨眠及其一起之諸煩惱。
阿羅漢之心遠離色貪、無色貪、慢、掉舉、無明、慢隨眠、有貪隨眠、無明隨眠及
其一起之諸煩惱及外之一切相。此是心遠離。
(三)依遠離者云何?以煩惱、蘊、行言依。不死、涅槃言依遠離。
即所有彼一切行之止、一切依之捨遣、渴愛之盡滅、離貪、滅也。此是依遠離。
而且引退身令樂出離之人人是身遠離。於心遍淨而達第一淨白之人人是心遠離。無依、離行之人人是依遠離。
寂者,是由一方面,寂、寂句是同一。此是不死、涅槃。即所有之一切行之止、
切依之捨遣、渴愛之盡滅、離貪、滅、涅槃也。
即世尊如斯說:「此是寂句,此是勝妙句。即一切行之止、一切依之捨遣、渴愛之盡滅、離貪、滅、涅槃。」
或又由他方面,〔寂句〕者,是所有寂之得達,寂之觸達,使寂之作證,所至之
諸法,所謂四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道也。此等言
是寂句、救護所句、避難所句、皈依所句、無畏句、無死句、不死句、涅槃句。
「大仙」者,世尊是大仙(大求者)。〔即〕求大戒蘊、覓求、遍求,故大仙。
求、覓求、遍求大定蘊、大慧蘊、大解脫蘊、大解脫智見蘊故大仙。求、覓求、遍
求大闇身之摧破、大顛倒之破壞、大愛箭之拔除、大見葛藤之開解、大慢幢之撒去、
大行作之寂滅、大暴流之度越、大重擔之放下、大輪迴輪轉之斷絕、大熱苦之消滅、
大熱惱之安息、大法幢之舉揚故是大仙。求、覓求、遍求大念住、大正勤、大神足、
大根、大力、大覺支、大八支聖道、大第一義、不死、涅槃故是大仙。又由有大權
勢有情,「佛是何處耶?」「世尊是何處耶?」「天中天是何處耶?」「人牛王是何處
耶?」而被求、覓求、遍求故是世尊。此成為「世尊遠離與寂句」也。
「云何見而比丘寂滅耶?」「云何見」者,是觀、考量度知、辨知、令明暸,令自
己之貪消滅耶?令瞋消滅耶?令痴消滅耶?忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、諂、誑、強
情、激情、慢、過慢、憍、放逸、一切煩惱、一切惡行、一切不安、一切熱惱、一
切熱苦、一切不善行令寂、令寂滅、令消滅、令安息耶。比丘者,是善凡夫比丘,
又是有學比丘。此「云何而比丘寂滅耶」〔之義〕。
「世間何物不取著」者,是由四取而不取著、不執、不執受、不住著。「於世間」
者,是惡趣世間、人世間、天世間、蘊世間、界世間、處世間。「何物」者,是如何
亦成為色、受、想、行、識?此是「於世間何物亦不取著」〔之義〕。故彼之化人言:
日種大仙我尊師 敬問遠離與寂句
比丘世間云何見 寂滅何物不取著
二 世尊宣示:
障礙之根本 乃是我慢也
以真慧滅之 內有諸渴愛
為調伏其等 常應學有念 (九一六)
「世尊宣示障礙之根本是我慢悉以真慧絕滅之」〔之句中〕,障礙者,即是障礙也。
〔此〕有(一)愛障礙(二)見障礙。
(一)愛障礙之根本者云何?無明是〔愛障礙之〕根本。不如理作意是根本,我慢
是根本,無慚是根本,無愧是根本,掉舉是根本。此是「愛障礙之根本」。
(二)見障礙之根本者云何?無明是〔見障礙之〕根本,不如理作意是根本,我慢
是根本,無慚是根本,無愧是根本,掉舉是根本。此是「見障礙之根本」。
世尊者,是尊重之同義語。又貪之破壞者故是世尊。瞋之破壞者故是世尊。痴
之破壞者故是世尊。見之破壞者故是世尊。棘之破壞者故是世尊。煩惱之破壞故是
世尊。頒法寶、頒與、頒布者故是世尊。諸有之終熄者故是世尊。修習身、修習戒、
修習心、修習慧故是世尊。或世尊是於阿練若、森林之邊鄙而無(人)聲、無〔騷〕
音、無人人之光景、應隱人而住,於禪思而用適當之臥坐所故是世尊。又世尊用衣
服、食物、臥坐所、病者之資具藥品故為世尊。又世尊用義味、法味、解脫味、增
上戒、增上心、增上慧故是世尊。又世尊用四禪、四無量、四無色定故是世尊。又
世尊用八解脫、八勝處、九次第定故是世尊。又世尊用十想修習、十遍定、安般念
定、不淨定故是世尊。又世尊用四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、
八支聖道故是世尊。又世尊用十如來力、四無畏、四無礙解、六神通、六佛法故是
世尊。世尊之此名,非由母所作,非由父所作,非由兄弟所作,非由姊妹所作,非
由朋友、同僚所作,非由親戚、緣者所作,非由沙門、婆羅門所作,非由天神所作。
云此世尊之名是在菩提樹下解脫之後與一切知智之獲得作證共同施設者。此是世尊宣示障礙者之根本。
「我慢皆以真慧絕滅之」〔之句中〕,真慧者慧也,即所有慧、知解……乃至(一
○七頁參照)……不痴、擇法、成為正見。我慢者,「於色中有我」之慢,「有我」之
欲,「有我」之隨眠。「於受、想、行、識中有我」之慢,「有我」之欲,「有我」之隨眠。
「世尊宣示障礙之根本是我慢皆以真慧絕滅之」者,障礙之根本是我慢,以一切
之真慧令遮滅、令絕滅、滅之、令寂滅、令滅沒、令安息。
此是「世尊宣示障礙之根本是我慢皆以真慧絕滅之」〔之義〕。
「內所有諸渴愛」〔之句中〕,所有者,是普遍、一切、無殘、無餘也。此之所有
者,是遍取之語。渴愛者,是色愛……乃至法愛。所謂「於內有」者,是彼渴愛於內
等起故是於內有。或又於內有者是心,即心意、意所、心臟、淨白〔心〕、意、意處、
意根、識、識蘊〔觸等之法〕隨順意識界。渴愛是與心意俱起、俱生、相合、相應、
同時起、同時滅、以所依一、所緣一。此是「於內有所有諸渴愛」也。
「為調伏其等,常應學有念」〔之句中〕,常者,是時在常,於一切之際,於一切時,於常時,於恒時,引續,
不絕,次第如水波生之〔無問斷〕,於無間,相續,相接,於食前,於食後,於初夜,於中夜,於後夜,
於新月,於滿月,於雨季,於冬季,於夏季,於青年期,於中年期,於老年期。
有念者,是由四原因而有念。
〔即〕(一)對身修習身隨觀念住而有念,(二)受、(三)心、
(四)對法修習〔受、心〕法隨觀念住而有念。又由他之四原因亦有念。
〔即〕(一)由不念之四避而有念。
(二)以念行應行諸法故而有念。
(三)(以念)害破念之對治諸法故而有念。
(四)不忘失念因之諸法故而有念。反由他之四原因亦有念。
〔即〕(一)具備念故而有念,(二)以念能自在故而有念,(三)練達於念故而有念,(四)由念不退轉故而有念。
又由他之四原因亦有念。〔即〕(一)自性存在之故而有念,(二)寂靜之故而有念,(三)寂止之故而有念,
(四)具備善人法故而有念。由佛隨念而有念,由法隨念而有念,由僧隨念而有念,由戒隨念而有念,
由捨隨念而有念,由天隨念而有念,由安般念而有念,由死念而有念,由身至念而有念,由寂止隨念而有念。
所有念、隨念、現念、念、憶念、憶持、沉潛、不忘失、念、念根、念力、正念、念覺支、
一行道(一乘道)此被言為念。
具此念、正具、達、正達、成、正成具備者謂有念。
學者,於學有(一)增上戒學、(二)增上心學、(三)增上慧學之三學。
(一)增上戒學者云何?於此有比丘,具戒、住於防護別解脫律儀,具足正行與行處,於微量之罪亦起怖畏,
受持而學諸之學處。小戒蘊、大戒蘊、戒、住立、初行、自制、律儀、諸善法得達之首先、最先,此是增上戒學。
(二)增上心學者云何?於此有比丘。離諸慾,離諸不善法,有尋有伺,由離生喜、樂,具足初禪而住。尋、
伺止息故,內之淨,心專一性,無尋無伺,由定生喜、樂具足第二禪而住。
喜之捨離故,有捨而住,有念有正知而以身受樂──彼諸聖者說:
「有捨有念而樂住」──具足第三禪而住。捨斷樂故,捨斷苦故,曾滅沒喜、憂故,不苦不樂,
由捨念之遍淨具足第四禪而住。此是增上心學。
(三)增上慧學者云何?於此有比丘,具慧,關生滅有聖決擇,具備至正苦盡滅慧,彼如實知解此是苦,
如實知解此苦之集,如實知解此苦之滅,如實知解此至苦滅之道。
如實知解此是漏,如實知解此是漏之集,如實知解此成為漏之滅,如實知解此是至漏滅之道。此是增上慧學。
「為調伏彼等常應學有念」者,為調伏其等諸渴愛,為折伏,為捨斷,為寂滅,為捨遣,為安息亦應學增上戒學,
亦應學增上心學,亦應學增上慧學。應學顧念此等三學。
應知而學,應觀而學,應觀察而學,應於心決意而學,應以信信解而學,應勵精進而學,應令現起念而學,
應等持心而學,應以慧了知而學,應知通知通而學,應以遍知遍知而學,應以捨斷捨斷而學,應以修習修習而學,
應以作證作證而學,應行、應修行、應正行、應受持而行。
此是「為調伏其等常應學有念」〔之義〕,故世尊宣示:世尊宣示:
障礙之根本 乃是我慢也
以真慧滅之 內有諸渴愛
為調伏其等 常應學有念
三 所有內與外 〔皆欲〕知通法
不可為強慢 善人不說寂 (九一七)
「內之知通所有法」者,是亦所有法善法,亦是無記法,知自己之德。
自己之德者云何?亦有由高貴家而出家者,亦有由大家而出家者,亦有由大財產家、富豪家而出家者,
彼之親戚無論在家者出家者亦皆是有名者。
亦有得衣服、食物、臥坐所、病者之資具藥品者,亦有經師,亦有持律師,亦有說法師,亦有阿練若住者,
亦有常乞食者,亦有糞掃衣者,亦有但三衣者,亦有次第乞食者,亦有時後不食者,亦有常坐不臥者,
亦有隨處住者,亦有得初禪者,亦有得二禪者,亦有得三禪者,亦有得四禪者,亦有得空無邊處定者,
亦有得識無邊處定者,亦有得無所有處定者,亦有得非想非非想處定者。
此等謂自己之德。知自己所有之德,了知、識知、別知、通達也。此是〔知通所有之法」〔之義〕。
「內或外」者,是為和尚又阿闍梨於彼等有諸德。此是「內或外」。
「由此不可為強慢」,是自己之德或由他人之德不可為強慢、不可為強情、不可為慢、不可為高貢、
不可為高舉、不可由彼而生慢、不可由彼而傲、不可為傲慢,不可為得得,此是「由此不可為強慢」〔之義〕。
「諸善人不說寂」者,是諸善之人、真人、善人、佛、佛弟子、辟支佛,不說「彼是寂」,不宣說,不言,
不示,不施設,不確立,不開顯,不分別,不顯示,不說明。此是「諸善人不說寂」〔之義〕。
故世尊宣示:
所有內與外 〔皆欲〕知通法
不可為強慢 善人不說寂。
四 由其〔慢〕為「勝」 不可以為思
雖劣或等同 不可以為思
種種類〔勝德〕 〔自己應〕具備
自己妄分別 〔分別〕不可在 (九一八)
「由其慢為勝,不可以為思」者,由出生、姓別、家世、麗容、財富〔吠陀之〕誦學、事業、技術、學術、
博識、辯舌又任何之根據不可生「我是勝」之慢。
此是「由其慢為勝不可以為思」〔之義〕。
「雖劣或等同,不〔可以為思〕」,由出生、姓別……乃至……任何之根據,不可生「我是劣」之慢。
由出生、姓別、家世、麗容、財富、誦學、事業、技術、學術、博識、辯舌、又由任何之根據,
不可生「我是等同」之慢。此是「雖劣或等同不〔可以為思〕」〔之義〕。
「具備種種類」者,是具、備、周備多種之種類。此是「具種種之類」〔之義〕。
「自己不可妄分別」〔之句中〕,自己者,是自我。不可計度、分別自我,陷入分別。此是「自己妄分別不可在」〔之義〕。
故世尊宣示:
由其慢為勝 不可以為思
雖劣或等同 不可以為思
種種類〔勝德 自己應〕具備
自己妄分別 〔分別〕不可在
五 內在應成為寂靜 比丘由他不求寂
內在能成寂靜者 無我何將有非我 (九一九)
「內在應成為寂靜」者,應令寂內之貪,應令寂靜。應令寂瞋,應令寂靜。
應令寂痴,應令寂忿,恨,覆,惱,嫉,慳,諂,誑,強情,激情,慢,過慢,憍、放逸、一切煩惱、一切惡行、
一切不安、一切熱惱、一切熱苦、一切不善行,應令寂靜。此是「內在應成為寂靜」〔之義〕。
「比丘由他不求寂」者,是由念住以外、正勤以外、神足以外、根以外、力以外、覺支以外、八支聖道以外、
他之不淨道、邪行道、不出路而不可求寂、寂靜、寂滅、消滅、安息,不可覓求,不可遍求。
此是「比丘不由他求寂」〔之義〕。
「內在能成寂靜者」善行,是令寂靜內之貪者,令寂靜瞋者……乃至……令寂一切不善行,令寂靜,令寂滅,
令消滅,令安息者。此是「內在能成寂靜者。」
「無我何將有非我」〔之句中〕,無有者,是否定。〔無有我〕者,是無有常見。
〔無有〕非我者,是無有斷見。無有執我者,謂無有非我可脫者,無所執者則無脫者。無所脫者則無所執。
阿羅漢超越執、脫,離越增、減。彼〔梵行〕已成,〔所作〕已辨……乃至……於彼無再有。
此是「無我何將有非我」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
內在應成為寂靜 比丘由他不求寂
內在能成寂靜者 無我何將有非我
六 譬如海洋之中央 波浪不生使靜止
如斯靜止不為動 比丘到處不增盛 (九二○)
「譬如海洋之中央,波浪不生使靜止」者,海洋是上下有八萬四千由旬之深。
下方四萬由旬之水為魚鱉而動,上方四萬由旬之水為風而動。
中央四千由旬之水不動、不振動、不動搖、不震、不震動、不震搖、不搖、不衝突、不動搖、不動轉、
不動亂、寂滅。於其處波浪不生,海洋是靜止。如斯譬喻「海洋之中央不生波浪如靜止」〔之義〕。
或又於七山之中問有西擅達羅海。其處之水不動、不振動、不動搖、不震、不震動、不震搖、不搖、不衝突、
不動搖、不動轉、不動亂、寂滅。於其處不生波浪,海為靜止。
如斯「譬如海洋之中央,波浪不生使靜止」〔之義〕。
「如斯靜止不為動」〔之句中〕,「如斯」者,是以譬喻對照事實之句。
靜止者,於利得亦不動,不利得亦不動,名聲亦不動,不名聲亦不動,賞讚亦不動,毀訾亦不動,樂亦不動,
苦亦不動,不怖動、不動搖、不震、不震動、不震駭也。
此是「如斯靜止不為動」〔之義〕。
「不可不成不動」〔之句中〕,「動」者,是渴愛,即所有貪、染貪……乃至(八頁參照)……貪欲、貪、不善根。
捨斷此之動貪、正斷、令寂滅,令安息,令不得生起,以智火燒之者,此言為「不動。」
〔彼〕為捨斷動故是不動,彼於利得亦不動,於不利得亦不動,於名聲亦不動,於不名聲亦不動,於賞讚亦不動,
於顯訾亦不動,於樂亦不動,於苦亦不動,不動、不怖動、不動搖、不震、不震動、不震駭。
此「如斯靜止不可不成不動」〔之義〕。
「比丘到處不增盛」〔之句中〕,增盛者,是貪增盛、瞋增盛、痴增盛、慢增盛、見增盛、煩惱增盛、業增盛之七增盛。
不可為其增盛,不可生、不可令發生、不可起、不可令生起。
「到處」者,是於任何處、於任何、於何處所於內於外、於內外亦〔增益〕。此是「比丘到處不增盛」〔之義〕。
故世尊宣示:
譬如海洋之中央 波浪不生為靜止
如斯靜止不為動 比丘到處不增盛
七 明眼者自內證法 請述危難之調伏
諸賢善者說行道 說定亦說別解脫 (九二一)
「明眼者請說」〔之句中〕,請說者,是請述、宣說、告、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、明、說明,
此是請說〔之義〕。明眼者,是世尊由五眼為明眼者。(即)
(一)依肉眼之明眼者,(二)依天眼之明眼者,(三)依慧眼之明眼者,(四)依佛眼之明眼者,
(五)依普眼之明眼者。
(一)世尊依肉眼之明眼者云何?世尊之肉眼存在青色、黃色、赤色、黑色、白色之五色。
於是有青眼毛如烏摩羅華,美麗〔似〕紺碧。彼眼毛之根元黃如羯尼迦華、美麗正黃之黃金色。
世尊兩方之眼球是赤如赤色甲蟲、美麗深紅。〔其〕之中央黑如濡潤之木患子,美麗而不粗、潤濕之漆黑。
其深奧是白如明星(太白金星)、美麗淨白、白、白銀也。屬於世尊身體、由宿世之善行業以生起彼之自然之肉眼,
無論日中夜中普見一由旬遠近。雖具備四肢於黑闇中亦〔普見一由旬〕。
〔即〕太陽沒,黑分之布薩時,於鬱茂之密林中,現大非時雨雲,如是具備四支於黑闇中亦普見一由旬。
對於見色,彼之屋頂、門扉、壁柵、山岳、林藪、蔓藤、不成障礙。雖一粒胡麻示置投於〔數百萬粒〕胡麻貨中,
亦可將其胡麻粒取出。如斯世尊之肉眼原來遍淨。如斯「世尊是由肉眼明眼者」。
(二)世尊是由天眼之明眼者如何?世尊是以超人之眼,以清淨之天眼見諸有情之死、生,知隨諸有情之業趣於劣、
勝、美、醜、幸、不幸〔趣〕。
〔即〕「汝等!此等之有情,是具身惡行、具語惡行、具意惡行、誹謗諸聖者、有邪見、取得邪見業。
彼等身壞死後,生於苦界、惡趣、墮處、地獄。
或又汝等!此等之有情,具身善行、善趣、天界」,如斯超人之眼,以清淨天眼見諸有情之死、生,
知隨諸有情之業趣於劣、勝、美、醜、幸、不幸〔趣〕。
又世尊若願望者,亦見一世界,亦見二世界,亦見三世界,亦見四世界,亦見五世界,亦見十世界,亦見二十世界,
亦見三十世界,亦見四十世界,亦見五十世界,亦見一小千世界,亦見二中千世界,亦見三千〔大千〕世界。
或又可見〔其他〕有限之物。如斯世尊之天眼是遍淨。如斯「世尊是由天眼之明眼者。」
(三)世尊是由慧眼之明眼者云何?
世尊是大慧者、博慧者、疾慧者、速慧者、利慧者、擇慧者、於巧慧分別有明了智。
證得無礙解,達四無畏,十力之保持者、人牡牛、人獅子、人龍、人良馬、人軛獸、無邊智者、無邊威力者、
無邊名聲者、富者、大財者、有財者、指導者、調伏者、教導者、令知者、令解者、令觀者、令欣樂者。
彼世尊實是未起道之令起者、未生道之令生者、未說道之宣說者、知道者、解道者、達道者。
又現今隨從於道之彼諸弟子,是倣傚〔世尊〕具備〔諸德〕而住。
彼世尊實是知應知者、見應見者、於眼、於智、於法、於梵天。為告示者、告說者、義之將來者、不死之施與者、
為法主、如來也。於彼世尊由慧無有不知者、不見者、不解者、不作證者,不觸者。經過去、未來、現在,
一切諸法乃由一切行相現來佛世尊之智門。
若有所有應知、應知處所者,彼無論自義、他義、俱義、現世之義、來世之義、明白之義、甚深之義、隱密之義、
覆蔽之義、未了之義、已了之義、無罪之義、無煩惱之義、淨白之義、第一義、彼之一切作用於佛智之中。
一切之身業是隨佛世尊智而起。一切之語業是隨〔佛〕智而起。一切之意業是隨佛智而起。
關於過去佛世尊有無障害智。關於未來佛世尊有無障害智。關於現在佛世尊有無障害智。應知有限之物皆是佛智。
只要有〔佛〕智則盡知一切者。〔佛〕智是以限界應知者,應知者以限界〔佛〕智。
超越應知者無佛智之作用,超〔佛〕智無應知之義。彼等〔與智可知之〕諸法相互於〔同一〕限界。
譬如於函與蓋二者,函對蓋無餘,蓋對函無餘,相互於〔同一〕限界,如斯於佛世尊,應知者與智是相互於〔同一〕
限界,只要是可知者皆是〔佛〕智。只要有佛智之知者,佛智以限界所知,所知以
限界佛智。超越所知者無佛智之作用,超越佛智無所知者。彼等諸法於同一限界。佛世尊之智作用於一切諸法。
一切諸法是關係於佛世尊之〔意門〕轉〔心〕,關係於意欲(速行心),關係於作意,關係於心之生起。
是對一切有情佛世尊智之作用。
世尊知一切有情之意樂、知隨眠、知所作、知信解、了知小塵垢、大塵垢、利根、鈍根、善行相、惡行相、易教化、
難教化、能、不能之有情。
含天、魔、梵天世界及含沙門、婆羅門,含天、人之人人是活動於佛智之中。
譬如如何之魚、龜乃至吞舟之大魚止,亦活動於大海之中,如斯含天、魔、梵天之世界,含沙門、婆羅門,
含天、人之人人是活動於佛智之中。
譬如如何之鳥乃至金翅鳥止,亦活動於虛空之方域,如斯等同舍利弗有慧之人人皆是活動於佛智之方域
。佛智是遍滿天、人之慧,而勝於〔彼〕。
所有賢剎帝利、賢婆羅門、賢居士、賢沙門之為總敏而長於議論,亦為射貫毛髮程度之〔練達〕,
以慧解能行摧破他之諸惡見之人人,近於如來頻為質問質問隱密覆蔽〔之義〕,彼等之質問由世尊之解說,為之解答。
而說示〔其解答〕之理由,至彼等歸投於世尊。如斯於此,世尊由所謂慧而極耀。如斯「世尊是由慧眼之明跟者」。
(四)世尊由佛眼之明眼者云何?世尊以佛眼眺望世間,〔見〕諸有情之小塵垢、大塵垢、利根、鈍根、善行相、
惡行相、易教化、難教化,或又見見來世罪之怖畏而住者。
譬如於青蓮之池、紅蓮之池、白蓮之池,一部之青蓮、紅蓮、白蓮生於水中,生長於水中,由未出水面而沒育於水中,
一部之青蓮、紅蓮、白蓮生於水中,生長 於水中,在於水面,一部之青蓮、紅蓮、白蓮生於水中,生長於水中,
出於水不染著於水。
如斯,世尊以佛眼眺望世間,〔見〕諸有情之小塵垢、大塵垢、利根、鈍根、善行相、惡行相、易教化、難教化,
或又見見來世罪之怖畏而住者。
世尊知「此者是貪行者,此是瞋行者,此是痴行者,此是尋行者,此是信行者,此是智行者。」
世尊向貪行者說不淨說。世尊向瞋行者告以慈修習。
世尊向痴行者則總說〔聖典〕與遍問〔義疏〕,時而令聽法,時而為令語法而使與師共住。
世尊於尋行者告以安般念(數息觀)。
世尊於信行之者應信樂相,〔即〕告以佛之善覺性,法之善法性,僧之善行道及自己之戒。
世尊於智行者告以無常相、苦相、無我相之〔如〕觀(毘婆舍那)之相。
譬如立於山巔者 普見下界諸人人
去愁如彼善慧者 升法所成之殿堂
打敗生老沉憂愁 瞰視〔世間〕之人人
如斯是「世尊由佛眼之明眼者」。
(五)世尊是由普眼之明眼者云何?普眼者,是一切知智也。世尊具一切知智,正具、達、成、正成、具備。
彼不能見者 此世無何物
又不能識者 亦無不可知
可能知之者 此一切知通
如來如斯故 是為普眼者。
如斯「世尊是由普眼之明眼者」。此「明眼者!請說」〔之義〕。
「自內證之法危難之調伏」〔之句中〕,自內證之法者,是抄襲,不由於傳說,不由於傳承,不由於藏〔經〕之說,
不由於思擇,不由於推論,不由於行相之審思,不由於見、省思、忍,由自己之知通,自我現見之法。
此是「自內證之法。」
「危難之調伏」〔之句中〕,危難者,是(一)顯現之危難與(二)隱密危難之二危難。
(一)顯現之危難者云何?
〔應有〕獅子、虎、豹、熊、鬣狗、狼、野牛、象、蛇、蠍、百足、又盜賊、既遂未遂之凶暴者。
眼病、耳病、鼻病、舌病、身病、頭病、外耳病、口腔病、齒病、咳、喘息、外鼻病、熱病、老、腹病、氣絕、
赤痢、腹痛、虎列刺、癲、癰、皰瘡、肺病、癲癇、輪癬、疥癬、風癬、抓傷、戰裂、出血、糖尿病、痔疾、
疙瘩、潰瘍、膽汁等起病、痰等起病、風等起病、〔膽汁、痰、風之〕集合病、氣候變化所生病、不等姿勢所生病、
傷害所生病、業報所生病、寒、暑、飢、渴、大便、小便、虻、蚊、風、炎熱、與爬行類(蛇)之接觸。
此等謂顯現之危難。
(二)隱密之危難者云何?是身惡行、語惡行、意惡行、愛欲蓋、瞋恚蓋、惛沉睡眠蓋、掉舉惡作蓋、疑蓋、
貪、瞋、痴、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、諂、誑、強情、激情、慢、過慢、憍、放逸、一切煩惱、一切惡行、
一切不安、一切熱惱、一切熱苦、一切不苦行。此等謂隱密之危難。
「危難」者,是由何之義為危難耶?(一)征服之故是危難。(二)至於〔善法〕之減退故是危難。
(三)其處為〔不善法〕之依所故是危難。
(一)征服之故是危難者云何?彼等危難是征、征服、打勝、蹂躪、奪取、粉粹彼人。如斯征服之故是危難。
(二)至減退之故是危難者云何?彼等危難是至諸善法之減退、消滅。
諸善法如何耶?是正之行道、隨順之行道、無害敵之行道、隨義之行道、法隨法之行道、諸戒之完成、
諸根門之守護、對食之知量、向警寤之努力、向念、正知、四念住修習之努力、向四正勤〔修習之努力〕、
向四神足〔修習之努力〕、向五根〔修習之努力〕、向五力〔修習之努力〕、
向七覺支〔修習之努力〕、向八支聖道修習之努力。
至此等諸善法之減退、消滅。如斯是「至減退故之危難」。
(三)其處為依所故是危難者云何?於其處此等之惡不善法生起而依止自體。
譬如於洞穴,以依所洞穴之生物而橫臥,於水中依所於水之生物而生存,於林中依所於林之生物而生存,
於樹上依所於樹之生物而生存,如斯於其處之諸不善法生起而依止自體。如斯「其處為依所故是危難。」
即世尊如斯說:「諸比丘!與內住者〔煩惱〕共,與現行者〔煩惱〕共之比丘是苦而非樂住。
諸比丘!與內住者共,與現行者共之比丘是苦而非樂住云何?
諸比丘!於此有比丘,以眼見色後,憶念思惟當結縛而生起惡不善法。
其等之惡不善法住彼之內,隨住也。故言〔彼〕與內住者共。彼等惡不善法對彼現行。故言〔彼〕與現行者共。
更又諸比丘!有比丘,以耳聞聲之後,以鼻嗅香之後,以舌嘗味之後,
以身觸所觸之後,以意識法之後,憶念思惟當結縛而生起惡不善法。
其等之惡不善法住彼之內、隨住也。故言〔彼〕與內住者共。彼等惡不善法於彼現行。故言〔彼〕與現行者共。
如斯諸比丘!與內住者共,與現行者共之比丘是苦而非樂住」。如斯亦「其處為依所故是危難。」
又世尊已如斯說。「諸比丘!此等三是內垢、內不友、內敵、內殺戮者、內反敵者。
三者云何?諸比丘!貪是內垢、內不友、內敵、內殺戮者、內反敵者。
諸比丘!瞋是內垢、內不友、內敵、內殺戮者、內反敵者。
諸比丘!痴是內垢、內不友、內敵、內殺戮者、內反敵者。
諸比丘!此等三是內垢、內不友、內敵、內殺戮者、內反敵者。」
貪生不義者 貪心使動亂
怖畏由內生 人不覺其事
貪者不知義 貪者不見法
貪征人之故 時黑暗闇冥
瞋生不義者 瞋心使動亂
怖畏由內生 人不覺其事
瞋者不知義 忿征人之故
時黑暗闇冥 痴生不義者
痴心使動亂 怖畏由內生
人不覺其事 痴者不知義
痴者不見法 痴征人之故
時黑暗闇冥。
如斯亦「其處為依所故是危難。」
又世尊如斯說:「大王!於人有三法之生起,於內生起而致不利益、苦、不樂住。
三者云何?大王!於人有貪之生起,於內生起而致不利益、苦、不樂住。
大王!於人有瞋之生起,於內生起而致不利益、苦、不樂住。
大王!於人有痴之生起,於內生起而致不利益、苦、不樂住。
大王!於人有此等三法之生起,於內生起而致不利益、苦、不樂住。
自己之〔心〕中 生起貪瞋痴
有惡心害人 如竹枯自果」
如斯亦「其處為依所故是危難。」
又世尊如斯說:
貪瞋此處身體固 樂不樂身毛豎立生
此由〔身體〕之等起 諸〔不善〕尋〔善〕意
宛如童子等〔放〕鳥 童子如是之放棄
如斯亦「其處為依所故是危難。」
「危難之調伏」者,是危難之調伏、危難之捨斷、危難之寂滅、危難之捨遣、危難之安息、不死、涅槃。
此是「自內證之法,危難之調伏」〔之義〕。
「賢善者!請說行道」〔之句中〕,請說行道者,是說正行道、隨順之行道,無害敵之行道、隨義之行道、
法隨法之行道、諸戒之完成、諸根門之守護,對食知量、向警寤之努力、念、正知、四念住、四正勤、四神足、
五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道、涅槃及至涅槃之行道而告、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。
此是「說行道」〔之義〕。賢善者,是其化人稱呼佛世尊。
或又「尊師告法、示,施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、所說明皆是善妙、賢善、善巧、無罪而習行者」〔之義〕。
此「善賢者!請說行道」〔之義〕。
「以定亦以別解脫」〔之句中〕,別解脫者,是戒、住立、初行、自制、律儀、諸善法成就之首、先首也。
定者,是所有心之止住、住立、確立、均衡、不散亂、不亂意、止、定根、定力、正定。
此是「以別解脫亦定。」故彼化人言曰:
明眠者自內證法 諸述危難之調伏
諸賢善者說行道 說定亦說別解脫
八 以眼不可動貪〔念〕 卑俗之論應掩耳
又亦不可貪求味 世間何物我不執 (九二二)
「以眼不可動貪〔念〕」〔之句中〕,眼之動貪者云何?於此處某者具以眼動貪〔念〕。
〔即〕謂「見未見之物,超越已見之物」為見色由庭園向庭園,由花園向花園,由村向村,由街向街,由市向市,
由國向國,由地方向地方,長途之旅行、無目的之旅行而住。如斯是「眼之動貪」。
或又〔行乞村落〕入家家之間,行於街路,不防護〔眼根〕而行。
〔即〕眺望象〔兵〕,眺望馬〔兵〕,眺望車兵,眺望步(兵),眺望女,眺望男,眺望男兒,眺望女兒,眺望店內,
眺望家之入口,眺望上,眺望下,左顧右陌而行。如斯亦是「眼之動貪。」
或又以眼見色已,取相,取細相。不防護此眼根者而住,應為貪憂諸惡不善法所侵,彼因不防護彼眼根而行道,
不護眼根,至無眼根之律儀。如斯亦是「眼之動貪。」
又譬如有一部應尊敬之沙門、婆羅門,不斷享信施之食,彼等例如耽住於觀覽舞蹈、歌謠、音樂、幻術、說相生、
手鈴樂、鐃鈸樂、銅羅樂、奇術、鐵丸戲、竹棒戲、練武戲、輕業、象、鬥象、鬥馬、鬥水牛、鬥牡牛、鬥牝牛、
鬥牡山羊、鬥牡羊、鬥雞、鬥鶉、鬥杖、鬥拳、角力、模擬戰、兵列、兵團、閱兵等。如斯亦是「眼之動貪。」
眼之不動貪者云何?於此有比丘,〔行乞村落之〕入於家家之間,於街路行,防護〔眼根〕,不眺望象〔兵〕,
不眺望馬〔兵〕,不眺望車〔兵〕,不眺望步〔兵〕,不眺望女,不眺望男,不眺望男兒,不眺望女兒,不眺望店內,
不眺望家之入口,不眺望上,不眺望下,不左顧右陌而行。如斯是「眼之不動貪。」
或又有比丘,以眼見色已,無取相,無取細相。
不妨護此之眼根而住者,應為貪憂諸惡不善法所侵故,為彼眼根之防護,彼行道,護眼根,至眼根之律儀。
如斯亦是「眼之不動貪」。又譬如有一部可尊敬之沙門、婆羅門。
享信施之食,例如彼等不耽住於觀覽舞蹈、歌謠、音樂、幻術、說相生……乃至……閱兵等,由如斯物觀覽之離去。
如斯亦是「眼之不動貪。」
「以眼不可動貪〔念〕」者,是應捨斷,應除去,應滅除,應令滅,由眼之動貪遠離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、
離縛、應住不限定之心。此是「以眼不可動貪〔念〕」〔之義〕。
「卑俗之論應掩耳」〔之句中〕,「卑俗之論」者,是三十二之無用論。
即王論、賊論、大臣、軍論、怖畏論、戰爭論、食物論、飲物論、衣服論、乘物論、床臥論、華質論、香論、
親戚論、村論、街論、市論、地方論、女論、男論、英雄論、道傍論、井邊論、先亡論、種種論、俗哲學、
宇宙發生論、有無論等。此是「卑俗之論」。
「應掩耳」者,是由卑俗論應掩耳,應蓋、應蓋覆、應護、應守、應閉、應遮斷。
此是「卑俗之論應掩耳」〔之義〕。
「又亦不可貪求味」〔之句中〕,「味」者,是根味、幹味、皮味、葉味、華味、果味、酸、甘、苦、辛、鹹、鹼、
收斂〔味〕、澀〔味〕、美〔味〕、不味、冷、熱。
貪求味之一部沙門、婆羅門。彼等以舌端不斷遍求最高之味而彷徨。
彼等得酸味,〔飽於彼〕而遍求不成酸〔味〕。得不成酸而遍求酸……乃至……得冷而遍求熱,得熱而遍求冷。
彼等以所得之各各物為不滿足,更遍求他之物,貪可意之諸味,貪求、貪覓、昏迷、縛著、懸、懸著、礙著。
捨斷此之味愛、正斷……乃至……以智火所燒者,如理省察,不為戲,不為憍慢,不為裝飾,不為莊嚴,
為存續此身體,為維持、為止害,是「〔如斯我無舊之苦痛,不生新之苦痛,又於我存命與無罪〕安樂而住」,
於攝益梵行之限內受用食物。
譬如於植林之限度焚燒林藪,或又譬如於運貨物之限度注油於車軸,或又譬如於度難所(沙漠)之限度,
〔殺〕子而食其肉,如斯比丘如理省察,不為戲……乃至……為無罪與安樂住〔於攝益梵行之限度〕受用食物。
〔彼〕捨斷味愛、除去、滅除、應令之滅無。
為由味愛遠離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛、應以不限定之心而住。此是「又亦不可貪求味」〔之義〕。
「世間何物我不執」〔之句中〕,我執者,是愛我執與見我執之二我執……乃至(二五五頁參照)……
此是愛我執……乃至……此是見我執。捨斷愛我執,捨遣見我執,我不執眼、不執、不執取、不住著耳、
鼻、舌、身、色、聲、香、味、觸、施主家、眾、住居、利得、名聲、賞讚、樂、衣服、食物、臥坐所、
病者之資具藥品、慾界、色界、無色界、慾有、色有、無色有、想有、無想有、非想非非想有、一蘊有、
四蘊有、五蘊有、過去、未來、現在、見聞覺識之諸法,我不執、不執、不執取、不住著。
「何物」者,是任何可成色、受、想、行、識之物。於世間者,是惡趣世間……乃至(八頁參照)……而於處世間。
此是「世間何物我不執」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
以眼不可動貪〔念〕 卑俗之論應掩耳
又亦不可貪求味 世間何物我不執
九 當以病觸所觸時 比丘絕不可悲泣
又亦不可熱望有 對諸恐怖不震駭 (九二三)
「當以病觸所觸時」者,是所觸於病觸、所襲、所圍、於具〔病觸〕時。
〔即〕所觸於眼病、所襲、所圍、使具時、是耳病、鼻病、舌病、身病、頭病、外耳病、口腔病、齒病、咳、
喘息、外鼻病、熱病、老腹病、氣絕、赤痢、腹痛、虎列刺、癲、瘠、庖瘡、肺病、癲癇、輪癬、疥癬、風癬、
抓傷、皸裂、出血、糖尿病、痔疾、疙瘩、潰瘍、膽汁等起病、痰等起病、風等起病〔膽汁痰風之〕集合病、
氣候變化所生病、不等姿勢所生病、傷害所生病、業報所生病、寒、暑、飢、渴、大便、小便、虻、蚊、風、
炎熱、爬行類(蛇)之接觸而觸,所襲、所圍,具此之時。此是「當以病觸所觸時」〔之義〕。
「比丘絕不可悲泣」者,是不可哭、悲哭、涕哭、悲泣、哭歎、悲歎、泣言、涕泣、號泣、哭泣、慟哭不可生、
不可發生、不可起、不可生起。「決」者,是決定,無論對何處,雖在內,雖在外,雖在內外。
此是「比丘絕不可悲泣」〔之義〕。
「又亦不可熱望有」者,是不可熱望慾有,不可熱望色有,不可熱望無色有,不可切望、不可翹望。
此是「又亦不可熱望有」〔之義〕。「對諸恐怖不震駭」〔之句中〕,恐怖者,是如由一方面,怖畏、恐怖亦同一。
即世尊如此說示:「今此之怖畏、恐怖非來耶?」〔此之怖畏恐怖〕者,是言外所緣之獅子、虎、豹、熊、鬣狗、
狼、野牛、象、蛇、蠍、百足、盜賊又既遂未遂之凶暴者。
又由他之方面,怖畏者,是內心等起之怖畏、可怖畏、身硬直、身毛豎立、心之悚懼、駭怖。
生之怖畏、老之怖畏、病之怖畏、死之怖畏、王之怖畏、賊之怖畏、火之怖畏、水之怖畏、自責之怖畏、
他責之怖畏、刑罰之怖畏、惡趣之怖畏、波浪之怖畏、蛟龍之怖畏、旋流之怖畏、孵魚之怖畏、生活之怖畏、
污名之怖畏、於眾中怯懦之怖畏、可怖畏、身硬直、身毛豎立、心之悚懼駭怖。
「對諸恐怖不震駭」者,雖是見又聞諸恐怖亦不可怖動,不可悚怖,不可震駭,不可駭,不可駭怖,不可戰駭,
不可怖畏,不可陷於戰慄。無恐怖,身無硬直,無駭怖,不可逃走,捨斷怖畏恐怖,應除去身毛豎立而住。
此是「對諸恐怖不震駭」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
當以觸病所觸時 比丘絕不可悲泣
又亦不可熱望有 對諸恐怖不震駭
一○ 食物與飲物 噉食與衣服
已得不貯藏 不得無懼怖 (九二四)
「食物與飲物噉食與衣服」〔之句中〕,「食物」者,是飯、酸粥、麥粉、魚、肉。飲物者,是八種飲物。
〔即〕菴婆果之飲物、閻浮果之飲物、有種蕉〔蔻蔻〕之飲物、無種蕉〔香蕉〕之飲物、蜜之飲物、葡萄之飲物、
蓮根之飲物、粗澀果之飲物。更有八種之飲物。
(即)俱舍菴婆果之飲物、棗果之飲物、酥之飲物、油之飲物、粥之飲物、牛乳之飲物、味之飲物。
噉食者,是麥粉之噉食、果子之噉食、根之噉食、樹皮之噉食、葉之噉食、花之噉食、果實之噉食。
衣服者,是六種衣。〔即〕亞麻、綿、絹、毛、麻、苧、麻之〔衣〕。此是「食物與飲物,噉食與衣服」〔之義〕。
「已得不貯藏」〔之句中〕,已得者,是獲、得達、獲得。
〔即〕不由詭詐,不由虛談,不由現相,不由激磨,不由葉之施與,不由果之施與,不由沐浴水之施與,
不由洗粉之施與,不由以利成利,不由木之施與,不由竹之施與,不由浴土(石鹼)之施與,不由楊枝之施與,
不由口漱水之施與,不由諂諛,不由胡亂之語,不由採取奉承之語,不由蔭口,不由家相學,不由賤劣學,
不由手足判斷學,不由占星學,不由通使,不由遣使,不由走使,不由醫業,不由普請,不由食物之贈答,
不由施物之贈答,如法正當得已、而護而得達、獲得。此是「已得」。
「不貯藏」者,是不可食物之貯藏、飲物之貯藏、衣服之貯藏、乘駕之貯藏、臥林之貯藏、香之貯藏、
食味之貯藏,不可生、不可發生、不可起、不可生起,此是「已得不貯藏」〔之義〕。
「彼等不得亦無懼怖」者,是「我不得食物」,「我不得飲物」,「我不得衣物」,「我不得施主家」,「我不得眾」,
「我不得住居」,「我不得利得」,「我不得名聲」,「我不得賞識」,「我不得樂」,「我不得衣服」,「我不得食物」,
「我不得臥坐所」,「我不得病者資具藥品」,「我不得看病者」,「我不被認為存在」不可怖,不可駭怖,
不可懼怖,不可怖畏,不可陷於戰慄。無恐怖,身無硬直,無駭怖,不可逃走。
捨斷怖畏恐怖,應去除身毛豎立而住。此是「彼等不得亦不懼怖」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
食物與飲物 噉食與衣服
已得不貯藏 不得不懼怖
一一 靜慮者不可彷徨 離惡作不為放逸
更無聲於臥坐所 比丘應為如是住 (九二五)
「靜慮者不可彷徨」〔之句中〕,靜慮者,是由初禪靜慮者、由第二禪靜慮者、由第三禪靜慮者、由第四禪靜慮者、
由有尋有伺禪靜慮者、由無尋唯伺禪靜慮者、由無尋無伺禪靜慮者、由有喜禪靜慮者、由無喜禪靜慮者、
由喜俱禪靜慮者、由可意俱禪靜慮者、由樂俱禪靜慮者、由捨俱禪靜慮者、由無相禪靜慮者、由無願禪靜慮者、
由世間禪靜慮者、由出世間禪靜慮者、樂禪,專注一境,成為重最上善。此是靜慮者。
「不可彷徨」〔之句中〕,彷徨者云何耶?於此處某者彷徨,具備彷徨性。
〔即〕由庭園向庭園,由花園向花園,由村向村,由街向街,由市向市,由國向國,由地方向地方,長途旅行,
住耽於無目的地之旅行。如斯是彷徨。或又有比丘於僧伽藍之中而具備彷徨性。
無目的,無理由,掉舉,心不為寂滅,由僧房行於僧房,由精舍行於精舍,由片屋頂家行於片屋頂家,
由台觀行於台觀,由平屋行於平屋,由山窟行於山窟,由洞穴行於洞穴,由小屋行於小屋,由重閣行於重閣,
由樓房行於樓房,由圓屋行於圓屋,由寶庫行於寶庫,由集會所行於集會所,由假屋行於假屋,由樹下行於樹下。
或又諸比丘行於坐處,其處〔比丘〕唯一人居,〔自加〕為第二人,二人居為第三人,
三人居為第四人而在於其處為諸多之綺語。
所謂王論、賊論、大臣論、軍論、怖畏論、戰爭論、食物論、飲物論、衣服論、乘物論、床臥論、華鬘論、香論、
親戚論、村論、街論、市論、地方論、女論、男論、英雄論、道傍論、井邊論、先亡論、種種論、俗哲學、
宇宙發生論、有無論等。如斯是「彷徨」。
「不可彷徨」者,是應捨斷彷徨、應除去、應滅除、應令滅無。遠離彷徨,離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛、
應以不限定之心而住,應行、應正行、應動作、應行動、應護持、應持續。應令喜獨坐、樂獨坐。
彼勤勵於內心之止(奢摩他),不輕視禪,具備觀(毘婆舍那),常赴於空閑處,為靜慮者、樂禪、專注一境,
應重最上義者。此是「靜慮者不可彷徨」〔之義〕。
「離惡作不成放逸」〔之句中〕,惡作者,是手之惡作亦為惡作,足之惡作亦為惡作,手足之惡作亦為惡作。
想不許為許可,想許可而不許,想有罪為無罪,想無罪為有罪。
如斯之惡作(後悔)、追悔、追悔性、心之後悔、意悔恨、此謂之惡作。
又由作、不作之二原因而惡作、心之後悔、起意悔恨。作不作之故而惡作、心之後悔、起意悔恨者如何?
乃「我作身惡行,我不作身善行」是惡作、心之後悔、起意悔恨。
「我作語惡行」,「我作意惡行」,「我作殺生,我不作離殺生是惡作……乃至……起意悔恨。」
「我作偷盜」,「我作邪欲行」,「我作妄語」,「我作兩舌」,「我作惡口」,「我作綺語」,「我作貪欲」,「我作瞋恚」,
「我作邪見,我已不作正見」而惡作、心之後侮、起意悔恨。如斯「作不作之故惡作、心之後悔、起意之悔恨」。
或又「我不完成諸戒」,「我不守護諸根之門」,「我於食不知量」,「我不勵警寤」,「我不具備念、正知」,
「我不修習四念住」,「我不修習四正勤」,「我不修習四神足」,「我不修習五根」,「我不修習五力」,
「我不修習七覺支」,「我不修習八支聖道」,「我不遍知苦」,「我不捨斷集」,「我不修習道」,「我不作證滅」,
而惡作、心之後悔,起悔恨意。
「離惡作」者,是應遠惡作、應離,捨斷惡作、除去、滅除、應令滅無,遠離惡作、離、離去、出離、棄遣、
離脫、為離縛,應以不限定之心而住。此是「離惡作」〔之義〔。
「不成放逸」者,是如恭敬作諸種善法,常作、堅住而作、不為萎縮行,不放棄行之欲,不放棄責任,
「於任何時我未完成之戒蘊應令完成耶!又如既完成之戒蘊於此以慧應令助長耶!」
對諸種善法於此所有欲、精進、勇猛、努力、力勢、不退、念、正知、熱心、精勤、決意、勤勵、有不放逸。
「任何時我未完成之定蘊、慧蘊、解脫蘊、解脫智見蘊、應令完成耶!」又「任何時我應遍知未遍知苦耶!
應捨斷未捨斷之煩惱耶!應修習未修習之道耶!應作證未作證之滅耶!」而對諸善法於此所有欲、精進、勇猛、
努力、力勢、不退、念、正知、熱心、精勤、決意、勤勵、有不放逸。此是「離惡作不成放逸」〔之義〕。
「更無聲於坐臥所,比丘應為如是住」〔之句中〕,「更」者,是此句之接續〔句之相合、句之圓滿、字之合體、
文之接著、句之次第〕。「坐所」者,是坐處。〔即〕床、椅子、座蒲團、蓆、皮革、草蓐、柴蓐、蒿蓐。
「臥所」者,是臥坐所。〔即〕是精舍、片屋頂家、台觀、平屋、洞窟。此是「坐臥所」〔之義〕。
「更無聲於坐臥所,比丘應為如是住」者,是無人聲,無騷音,無人人之景象,應隱人而住,行禪思適當臥坐所,
應住,應動作,應行動,應護持,應持續,應維持。此是「更無聲於坐臥所,比丘應為如是住」〔之義〕。
故世尊宣示:
靜思者不可彷徨 離惡作不為放逸
更無聲於坐臥所 比丘應為如是住
一二 不可屢屢為睡眠 應行警寤為熱心
諂笑戲婬與瞢憒 及與嚴飾應捨斷 (九二六)
「不可屢屢為睡眠」,晝夜為六分,五分應為警寤,一分應睡眼。此是「不可屢屢為睡眠」〔之義〕。
「應行警寤為熱心」者,於此有比丘,晝依經行與坐禪而由諸障法令心遍淨。
於初夜由經行與坐禪依諸障法令心遍淨。於中夜右脅為下,如獅子臥腳與腳重疊,有念有正知而作意起想已而臥。
於後夜起而依經行與坐禪而由諸障法令心遍淨。
應行警寤者,是應行警寤,應行修,應常習。此是「應行警寤」〔之義〕。「為熱心」者,是熱心精進。
即是所有心之勤精進、勇勤、發勤、精勤、精進、勇猛、努力、力勢、堅固、緊張發勤、不棄欲、不棄重擔、
重擔堅持、精進、精進根、精進力、正精進。
言「成為熱心者」者具此之熱心、正具、達、正達、成、正成、為具備者。此是「應行警寤為熱心」〔之義〕。
「諂、笑、戲、婬與瞢憒,及與嚴飾應捨斷」〔之句中〕,瞢憒者,是所有瞢憒、倦怠、瞢憒性、瞢憒意、懶惰、
怠惰、懶惰性。此是「瞢憒」。
「諂」者,是欺瞞行言為諂。於此處某者以身行惡行,以語行惡行,以意行惡行,為隱蔽而願惡欲。
〔即〕思惟「我願勿知惡行」,「我勿知惡行」,言「我勿知〔惡行〕」,而語〔隱蔽之〕語,言「我勿知〔惡行〕」以身努力。
如斯所有諂、諂曲、誇大、欺瞞、偽善、虛偽、蔽惡、詭詐、詐欺、隱匿、隱蔽、不明示、不顯示、隱閉、
惡行為,此言為諂。「笑」者,此處某者現齒極笑。
即世尊如斯說:「諸比丘!於聖者之律現齒極笑者,此是兒童之所作。」
「戲」者,是(一)身戲(二)語戲之二戲。
(一)身戲者云何?〔人人〕以象戲,以馬戲,以車戲,以弓戲,以八條盤暮戲,
以十條盤基戲,以無盪甚戲,以蹴石戲,以拔取戲,以投骰子戲,以棒打戲,以筆
手遊戲,以骰子戲,以葉笛戲,以玩具鋤戲,以倒立戲,以風車戲,以玩具碁戲,
以玩具弓戲,以文字判戲,以意志判戲,以倣傚殘障者戲。此是「身戲」。
(二)語戲者云何?是口太鼓、口阿蘭巴達、口典底瑪笳、口瓦利瑪笳、口貝魯
拉笳、口達茲達利笳、舞戲、舞蹈、詩歌、戲言。此是語戲。
婬法者,是所有不妙法、野卑法、賤劣法、粗惡、穢污、密事而為二人所成就者。由何被言為婬法耶?
(婬法)有貪,有染貪,有(煩惱)之流漏,有纏結,成為善心被奪(煩惱)
之同似二人之行法。由何而言為婬法?〔婬法〕者,有貪、有貪染。有〔煩惱〕之
流漏、有纏結、被奪善心為〔煩惱〕同似二人之〔行〕法,由此言婬法。譬如二人
之爭鬥者言為婬者,二人之口論者言為婬者,二人之議論者言為婬者,二人之異諍
者言為婬者,二人之諍論者言為婬者,二人之論議者言為婬者,二人之談論者言為
婬者,如斯〔婬法〕有貪、有染貪、有流漏、有纏結、心被奪同似二人之〔行〕法。由此而言為婬法。
嚴飾者,是二嚴飾。(一)有在家者之嚴飾,(二)有出家者之嚴飾。
(一)在家者之嚴飾者云何?是髮鬚、華鬘、薰香、塗料、瓔珞、飾物、美衣裝、
纏頭襟、塗香、按摩、沐浴、洗髮劑、鏡、眼藥、華鬘、塗油、白粉、口紅、腕環、
髮飾、杖、棒、劍、傘蓋、有彩色之履物、髻、寶珠、扇、長短之白衣等。此是「在家者之嚴飾。」
(二)出家者之嚴飾者云何?是美飾之衣服、美飾之缽,或此污穢身外部諸資具之
美飾、嚴飾、奢侈、驕奢、貪求、貪求性、浮蓐、輕佻。此是「出家者之嚴飾。」
「諂、笑、戲、婬與瞢憒,及與嚴飾應捨斷」者,是瞢憒、諂、笑、戲、婬法、
嚴飾與……附隨品、附屬品、含資具──應捨斷,應除去,應滅除,應令滅無。
此是「瞢憒、諂、笑、戲、婬、嚴飾應捨斷」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
不可屢屢為睡眠 應行警寤為熱心
諂笑戲婬與瞢憒 及與嚴飾應捨斷
一三 魔法占夢或占相 又為占星不可行
占鳥獸聲懷妊術 治療弟子不可習 (九二七)
「魔法占夢或占相,又為占星不可行」〔之句中〕,魔術師是行魔法。〔即〕都市
頻臨危險時,又戰爭勃發時,敵者在敵軍中令生疫病,令生災厄,令生疾病,令起
激病,令起虎列刺,令起熱病,令起赤痢,如斯魔術師行此魔法。占夢者行占夢。
〔即〕「晨早時見夢者斯有報果。正午時見夢者斯有報果。傍晚時見夢者斯有報果。
於初夜、於中夜、於後夜〔見夢者斯有報果。〕右脅於下而臥者、左脅於下而臥者、
仰臥者、伏臥者、於〔夢〕中見月者、見太陽者、見大海者、見須彌山王者、見象
者、見馬者、見車者、見步行者、見軍隊者、見美庭園者、見美林者、見美土地者、
見美蓮池者斯有果報。」如斯占夢者所占夢。占相者行「占相」。〔即判〕寶珠之相、
杖之相、衣服之相、刀之相、矢之相、弓之相、武器之相、女之相、男之相、女兒
之相、男兒之相、下婢之相、下僕之相、象之相、馬之相、水牛之相、牡牛之相、
牝牛之相、牡山羊之相、牡羊之相、雞之相、鶉之相、大蜥蜴之相、耳飾之相、龜
之相、鹿之相等。如斯占相者行占相。占星者行占星。〔即〕對二十八宿,〔此星之
時應入家,此星之時應結楝飾。此星之時應結婚。此星之時應初扇。此星之時應住家」。如斯占星者行占星。
「魔法占夢或占相,又為占星不可行」,魔法不可行占夢、占相、占星,不可行,
不可正行,不可受持而行。或又不可取〔具等〕,不可把取,不可持,不可把持,不
可觀察,不可行。此是「魔法占夢或占相,又為占星不可行」〔之義〕。
「占〔鳥獸〕聲懷妊術,我〔弟子〕治療不可習」〔之句中〕,占聲者,是獸輪。
獸輪者是判獸輪。〔即〕知烏或四足獸之鳴吼〔聲之意味〕。如斯,獸輪者是判獸輪。
懷妊術者是令懷妊。由二原因而不懷妊。〔即〕寄生蟲與〔身內之〕風之動亂而成。
為驅除寄生蟲與〔身內〕風之動亂,〔懷妊術者〕令服湯藥。如斯,懷妊術者令之懷
妊。治療者,是眼科、外科、治身(內科)、 精神病科、小兒科之五治療也。「我
弟子」(信奉者)者,是佛之信奉者、法之信奉者、僧之信奉者。彼信奉世尊為我〔而
信奉〕,世尊攝取彼之人。即世尊如斯說:「諸比丘!」是行詭詐、強情、虛談、婬
猥、高貢、不等持所有之比丘,此諸比丘!彼等非我之信奉者。彼等諸比丘是由此
法、律而離去,彼等於此法、律之中無至增大、增進、廣大。然而諸比丘!不詭詐、
不虛談、賢善、不強情、善等持所有之比丘,此諸比丘!彼等是我之信奉者。彼等
諸比丘是不由此法、律而離去。彼等於此法、律之中,至於增大、增進、廣大。
詭詐強情與虛談 婬猥高貢不等持
彼等等正覺者說 於法之中無增進
賢善不詭詐虛談 不強情而善等持
彼等等正覺者說 於法之中實增進
「占聲或懷妊術或治療我〔弟子〕不可習」者,是占聲或懷妊術或治療,我〔弟
子〕不可習,不可習行,不可常習,不可行,不可正行,不可受持不可動作。或又
〔其等〕不可取,不可把取,不可持,不可把持,不可觀察,不可行。
此是「占聲或懷妊術或治療我〔弟子〕不可習」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
魔法占夢或占相 又為占星不可行
占鳥獸聲懷妊術 治療弟子不可習
一四 被毀訾不可悚怖 賞讚比丘勿高舉
貪與貪婪及慳吝 忿與兩舌應除卻 (九二八)
「被毀訾不可悚怖」於此處某者出生、姓氏、家世、麗容、財、誦學、事業、技
術、學術、博識、辯舌、又由任何根據毀訾比丘,叱責、誹謗。〔比丘〕被毀訾、被
叱責、被誹謗,為〔其〕毀訾、叱責、誹謗不可怖動,不可悚怖,不可震駭,不可
駭,不可駭怖,不可戰駭,不可怖畏,不可陷於戰慄。無恐怖,身無硬直,無駭怖
不可逃走。捨斷怖畏恐怖,應除去身毛豎立而住。此是「被毀訾不可悚怖」〔之義〕。
「賞讚比丘不可高舉」者,於此處某者出生……乃至……又由任何之根據賞讚比
丘,讚歎,稱譽,讚說。〔比丘〕被賞讚,被讚歎,被稱譽,被讚說,由〔其〕賞讚,
讚歎,稱譽,讚說不可為高慢,不可高舉,不可慢,不可強〔慢〕。由此不可生慢,
不可為結縛。由此不可傲,不可傲慢,不可得意而然。此是「比丘被賞讚勿高舉」〔之義〕。
「貪與貪婪及慳、忿、兩舌應除卻」〔之句中〕,「貪」者,是所有之貪、貪婪、貪
婪性、染貪、染愛、染愛性、貪欲、貪、不善根。「慳」者,是住處慳……之五慳……
乃至(本卷三頁參照)……把持言慳。忿者,是所有心之瞋害、瞋恨、瞋恚、違逆、
怒、激怒、大激怒、瞋、激瞋、大激瞋、心之恚、意之激瞋、忿、忿怒、忿怒性、
瞋、瞋怒、瞋怒性、恚、恚怒、恚怒性、違背、違逆、憤怒、憤慨、心之不適意。
兩舌者,於此處某者行兩舌語。〔即〕由此處聞而為分裂此處人人之間於彼處而話,
又由彼處聞而為分裂此處人人之間於此處而話,如斯令和合人人之分裂,助長分裂
人人之分裂。樂不和,喜不和,歡不和,語不和語。此謂之兩舌。又由二原因為兩
方〔即〕;(一)欲被愛,又(二)意圖分裂。
(一)欲被愛而行兩舌者云何?「我是此人之所愛、所適意、所信賴,所親密,為朋友」如斯欲被愛而行兩舌。
(二)意圖分裂而行兩舌者云何?「如何者此等之人人相分、相離、不和、將為二者、
將成二分、將成二黨、將分裂不和合,苦而不樂住」如斯是為欲分裂而行兩舌。
「貪及慳、忿、兩舌應除卻」者,是貪、慳、忿、兩舌應除卻、應捨斷、應除去、
應滅除、應使之滅無。此是「貪及慳、忿、兩舌應除卻」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
被毀訾不可悚怖 賞讚比丘勿高舉
貪與貪婪及慳吝 忿與兩舌應除卻
一五 不可從事於交易 比丘絕不可誹謗
又不可親著於村 人欲利得勿虛談 (九二九)
「不可從事於交易」者,於律中,所禁 止之交易〔買賣〕非此處之意義。
從事交易者云何?是五〔資具〕及缽、或衣服或欺瞞某等之資具,或冀求增加
而與〔他比丘〕交換。如斯是從事交易。不從事交易者云何?五〔資具〕及缽或衣
服或無欺瞞某等之資具之事,或無冀求增加之交換。如斯是非從事交易。
「不可從事於交易」者,是不可從事於交易,不可營,應捨斷交易,應除去,應
滅除,應令滅無。遠交易、離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛、應以不限定之心而住。
此是「不可從事於交易」〔之義〕。
「比丘絕不可誹謗」〔之句中〕,行誹謗之煩惱者云何?於某沙門、婆羅門有神變,
有天眼,有知他心。彼等於遠雖然得見,雖於近不能見〔他〕,以心知解〔他人之〕
心。又於天神而有神變,有天眼,有知他心。彼等雖然於遠得見,雖於近不能見〔他〕,
以心知解〔他人之〕心,彼等由粗煩惱、中煩惱、又細煩惱而行他之誹謗。
粗煩惱者云何?是身惡行、語惡行、意惡行也。此等言粗之煩惱。
中煩惱者云何?是愛尋、悉尋、害尋,此等言中之煩惱。
細煩惱者云何?是親里尋、國土尋、不死尋,關係於他人之憐愍尋,關係於利
得恭敬讚歎尋,關係於不輕賤尋。此等言細之煩惱。彼等由粗煩惱、中煩惱,細煩惱而行誹謗。
「不可誹謗」者,是不可作誹謗諸煩惱,不可生、不可令發生、不可起、不可令
生起。捨斷行誹謗之諸煩惱,應除去、應滅除、應令滅無。遠去誹謗諸煩惱、離、
離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛,應以不限定之心而住。決者,決定也,無論關於
何,雖於何處、於內、於外,於內外。此是「比丘絕不可誹謗」〔之義〕。
「又不可親著於村」〔之句中〕,著於村者云何?於此有比丘,於村與諸在家者於
交際而住,共喜,共悲,彼等幸福時,〔己〕亦幸福,彼等不幸時,〔己〕亦不幸,
於彼等應行事業時自行奔走。如斯是「著於村。」或又有比丘於晨早時著衣,持缽、
衣入村又於街而行乞,不護身,不護語,不令現起念,不護心,不防護諸根。彼著
於此處彼處,執於此處彼處,縛於此處彼處。而墮於、不幸毀失。如斯是「著於村。」
不著於村者云何?於此有比丘,不交際諸在家者而住,不共喜,不共悲,彼等
幸福時〔己〕亦不為幸福,彼等不幸時〔己〕亦不為不幸,彼等有應行諸事業時,
自己無奔走。如斯是「不著於村。」 或又有比丘於晨早時著衣,持缽、衣入村又於街
而行乞,護身,護語,護心,令現起念,防護諸根。彼不著於此處彼處,不執於此
處彼處,不縛於此處彼處,於此處彼處無墮於不幸毀失。如斯是「不著於村。
「又不可親著於村」者,於村不可著,不可執,不可令被縛,不可令被繫縛,不
貪求,不貪覓,不昏迷,不縛著,應離貪求……乃至(前卷六一頁參照)……應自住於梵。
此是「又不可親著於村」〔之義〕。
「人欲利得勿虛談」〔之句中〕,「虛談」者云何?依止於利得、恭敬、名聲,有惡
欲而敗於欲,有眼〔貪〕食味,重世間法者,對他之人人無問虛談、虛談、極虛談、
讚虛談、極讚虛談、纏絡語、極纏絡語、舉揚語、極舉揚語、追從、諂諛、荒唐語、
取奉承語、蔭口語,其時,行〔詐〕而柔軟之語,行親密之語,行慈愛之語,行不
粗暴之語。此是虛談。又由二方面向人人虛談。(即)(一)貶下自己高揚他人向人人行
虛談,又口高揚自己貶下他人向人人行虛談。
(一)貶下自己高揚他人向人人行虛談者云何?言:「卿等是我之大繞益者。我依卿
等,他之人人亦與我又作思惟得受衣服食物、臥坐所、病者之資具藥品。依卿等與
卿等相識〔以來〕,嘗父母授與我之名〔今〕已消失。我由卿等而知『某氏(貴氏)
之被護者』『某女(貴女)之被護者』之稱名」。是貶下自己高揚他人而向人人行虛談。
(二)高揚自己貶下他人向人人行虛談者如何?言:「我是卿等之大饒益者。卿等由
我而皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧,離殺生,離偷盜,離邪欲行,離妄語,離穀酒、果
酒等放逸原因。我授卿等總說(聖典),授遍問(義疏),說布薩,決心新業。然卿
等棄我而恭敬他之人人,尊重、尊敬、奉事、敬重。」如斯是「高揚自己貶下他人向人人行虛談」。
「人欲利得勿虛談」者,是利得為因,利得為原因,為令生起利得,遍求利得,
不可而向人人虛談,應捨斷虛談,應除去、應滅除、應令滅無。遠去虛談,離、離
去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛。應以無限定之心而住。此是「人欲利得勿虛談」〔之義〕。故世尊已宣示:
不可從事於交易 比丘絕不可誹謗
不可親著又於村 人欲利得勿虛談
一六 比丘不可成誇大 〔受施〕勿語策劃語
三業傲慢不可學 異執之論不可論 (九三○)
所謂「比丘不可成誇大」,於此處某者誇大、誇言。〔即〕彼誇:〔我戒具足」,「我務具足」,「我戒、務具足」,
又出生、姓氏、家世、麗容、財、事業、技術、學術、博識、辯舌,又由某種之根據而〔誇〕,
誇言:「由高貴家出家」,「由大家出家」,「由大財產家出家」,「由富豪家出家」,「是經師」,「是持律師」,
「是說法師」,「是阿練若住者」……乃至……(一二三─ 一二四頁參照)……「得非想非非想定」。
如斯不可跨言,應捨斷誇言,應除去,應滅除,應使滅無。為遠離誇言、離、離去、出離、
棄遣、離脫、離縛,應以不限定之心而住。此是「比丘不可成誇大」〔之義〕。
「受施勿語策劃語」〔之句中〕,策劃語者云何?於此處某者語策劃衣服受施之
語,語策劃食物受施之語,語策劃臥坐所〔受施之〕語,語策劃病者資具藥品〔受
施之〕語。此是「策劃語」。或又為衣服,為食物,為臥坐所,為病者之資具藥品,
亦語真實,亦語虛妄,亦語兩舌,亦語不兩舌,亦語惡口,亦語不惡口,亦語綺語,
亦語不綺語,亦語真慧語,此亦是「策劃語」。或又有信樂心向他之諸人說示法。「然!
當聽我法。聽後,當信樂法。如信樂者,當向我行信樂行相(應行信施)。」此亦是「策劃語。」
「不可語策劃語」,於說法之語亦不可含,〔受施〕策劃語,不可說,不可話,不
可說明,不可言說。應捨斷策劃語,應除去,應滅除,應令滅無。為遠離策劃語,
離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛。應以不限定心而住。此是「不可語策劃語」〔之義〕。
「三業傲慢不可學」〔之句中〕,傲慢者,是(一)身傲慢,(二)語傲慢,(三)意傲慢之三傲慢。
(一)身傲慢者云何?於此處某者(1)雖於僧伽中亦示身傲慢,(2)雖於眾中亦示身傲
慢,(3)雖於食堂中亦示身傲慢,(4)雖於暖房中亦示身傲慢,(5)雖於水浴傷亦示身傲
慢(6)雖入村行乞之家家間亦示身傲慢,(7)雖入家家之間亦示身傲慢。
(1)於僧伽中示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者於僧伽中行動不謹慎,衝當諸長老比
丘而立、衝當而坐、立於前、坐於前、坐於高座、被衣至頭而坐,忽然起立講話,
肱亂動而講話,如斯是於僧伽中示身傲慢。
(2)於眾中示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者於眾中行動不謹慎,諸長老比丘無履經
行而自己則著履經行,彼等於低經行處經行,而自己高經行處經行,彼等經行地上,
而自己經行經行處,於彼等前立衝當、坐衝當、立於前、坐於前、坐高座、被衣至
頭而坐,忽然起立講話,肱亂動而講話,如斯是於眾中示身傲慢。
(3)於食堂中示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者於食堂中行動不謹慎,侵害諸長老比
丘而坐,由座拒外諸新學比丘,衝當諸長老比丘而立、衝當而坐、立於前、坐於前、
坐於高座、被衣至頭而坐,忽然立而講話,肱亂動而講話。如斯是於食堂中示身傲慢。
(4)於暖房中示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者於暖房中動作不謹慎,衝當諸長老比丘而立、衝當而坐、立於前、
坐於前、坐於高座、無諮問諸長老比丘而燒薪,閉戶肱亂動而講話。如斯是於暖房中示身傲慢。
(5)於水浴場示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者於水浴傷行動不謹慎,衝當諸長老比丘而下行、下行於前、
衝當而浴、前而浴、衝當而上、前而上。如斯是於水浴場示身傲慢。
(6)入村行乞之家家間示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者入於村行乞之家家間,行動
不謹慎,衝當諸長老比丘而行,行於前、出而亦行於諸長老比丘之前。如斯是入於家家之間示身傲慢。
(7)入家家之間示身傲慢者云何?於此處某者入家家之間,雖由〔在家之人〕言:
「尊師!請勿入」而亦入家中,雖言「尊師!請勿立」而亦立,雖言「尊師!請勿坐」,
而亦坐,雖無餘地之處亦入,無餘地之處亦坐,主婦、良家之女、少女之坐,良家
之祕密關閉之內室,亦突然入其處,觸擊幼子之頭。如斯是入家家之間示身傲慢」。
(二)語傲慢者云何?於此處某者(1)雖於僧伽中亦示語傲慢,(2)雖於眾中亦示語傲慢,
(3)雖入家家之間亦示語傲慢。
(1)於僧伽中示語傲慢者云何?於此處某者於僧伽中行動不謹慎,不諮問諸長老
比丘而語法、問答、〔於布薩日〕誦波羅提木叉(戒條),立而講話,肱亂動而講話。如斯是於僧伽中「示語傲慢。」
(2)於眾中示語傲慢者云何?於此處某者於眾中行動不謹慎,不諮問諸長老比丘
而語法、問答、忽然立起講話,肱亂動而講話,對來〔僧〕園諸比丘尼,優婆塞,
優婆夷語法、問答、忽然起立講話,肱亂動而講話,如斯是於眾中示語傲慢。
(3)入家家之間示語傲慢者云何?於此處某者入家家之間,向婦人、少女如斯言:
「某名!某姓!有何耶?有粥耶?有食物耶?有噉食耶?我等不飲何物,「不食何
物,不噉何物」,又「有何物耶?與我何物耶?」作種種之語。如斯是「入家家之間示語傲慢。」此是語傲慢。
(三)心傲慢者云何?於此處某者非由高貴之家出家,而自己見為等於高貴家之出
家者。非由大家之出家,自己見為自己等於由大家之出家者。非由大財產家之出家,
自己見為等於由大財產家之出家者。非由富豪家之出家,自己見為等於由富豪家之
出家者。非是經師,自己見為與經師等。非是持律師、非是說法師、非是住阿練若、
非是常乞食者、非是糞掃衣者、非是但三衣者、非是次第乞食者、非是時後不食者、
非是常坐不臥者、非是隨處住者,自己見為等於隨處住者〔等〕。非得初禪者、自己
見為等於得初禪者。非得第二禪者、非得第三禪者、非得第四禪者、非得空無邊處
定者、非得識無邊處定者、非得無所有處定者、非得非想非非想處定者、自己見為
等於得非想非非想處定者〔等〕,此是心傲慢。
「不可學傲慢」者,是不可學傲慢、不可行、不可正行、不可行受持。應捨斷傲
慢、應除去、應滅除、應令之滅無。為遠去傲慢、離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫,
離縛。應以不限定之心而住。此是「不可學傲慢」〔之義〕。
「異執之論不可論」〔之句中〕,異執之論者云何?於此處某者如論:「汝不了知
此之法與律……乃至(四五頁參照)……若能者須顯論之。」即世尊已如斯說:「目
犍連!有異執之論時,期待多辯。有多辯時,有掉舉。於有掉舉者有不律儀。不律儀之心遠離定。」
「異執之論不可論」者,異執之論不可論、不可話、不可說、不可言說。應捨斷
異執之論、應除去、應滅除、應令之滅無。為遠去異執之論、離、離去、出離、棄
遣、離脫、離縛,應以不限定之心而住。此是「異執之論不可論」〔之義〕。故世尊已宣示:
比丘不可成誇大 〔受施〕勿語策劃語
三業傲慢不可學 異執之論不可論
一七 勿為妄言所誘導 勿為誑〔言〕有正知
又由活命由慧力 由依與務勿輕他 (九三一)
「勿為妄言所誘導」〔之句中〕,妄言者,是妄語。於此處某者於集會中,又於會
合中,又在親戚間,又於合作社員之間,又於法庭之中,被帶出作證人。被問時:
「然卿!言所知」。彼不知而言:「我知」,我知而言:「我不知」,不見而言:「我見」,
又見而言:「我不見。〕如斯為自己又為他人,又為某等之利益語:「故意之妄語。」此言為妄言。
又由三行相而為妄語。〔即〕(一)彼豫思「我有妄語」〔之心〕。(二)於現有〔妄〕言
者,「我於現有妄言」〔之心〕。(三)既於〔妄〕言者「我有妄言」〔之心〕。由此等三行
相而有妄語。又由四行相、五行相、六行相、七行相、八行相而有妄語。即(一)彼豫
思「我有妄語」〔之心〕。(二)於現有妄言者,「我現有妄言」,〔之心〕。(三)既〔妄〕言者,
「我有妄言」〔之心〕。(四)〔自己之〕見異,(五)〔自己之〕忍異,(六)意欲異,(七)想異,
(八)實態異而〔妄語〕。由此等八行相而有妄語
「勿為妄言所誘導」者,勿為妄言所誘導,應捨斷妄言,應除去、應滅除、應令
滅無。為遠去妄言、離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛,應以不限定之心而住。
此是「勿為妄言誘所導」〔之義〕。
「勿為誑言有正知」〔之句中〕,誑者云何?於此處某者是誑惑者、欺誑者。彼於
誑惑、誑惑性、誑、誑暴、誑亂、假佯、假偽,此是誑。「勿為誑言有正知」者,有
正知而不可為誑,不可生、不可令發生、不可起、不可令生起。應捨斷誑,應除去、
應滅除,應令滅無。為遠去誑,離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛、應以不限定
之心而住。此是計勿為誑言有正知」〔之義〕。
「又由活命由慧〔力〕,依戒與務勿輕他」〔之句中〕,又者是此句之接續〔句之
相合、句之圓滿、字之合體、文之接著〕句之次第。於此處某者且自己以粗惡〔食
物〕為活命(生活),輕賤他有以美味〔食物〕為活命者。謂:「又此奢侈活命者何
以一切之物,例如根種子、果種子、節種子、枝種子而加為第五種種子,恰似由
雷雨〔害〕發芽之同樣態度而食之耶?」彼由粗惡〔食物〕為活命而輕賤依他之美味
食物為活命者。於此處某者〔自己〕以美味食物為活命,輕賤他之以粗惡食物為活
命者。謂:「此無福、無權勢者,何以不得衣服、食物、臥坐所、病者之資具藥品
耶?〕彼由彼美味〔食物〕為活命,而輕賤他之以粗惡〔食物〕為活命者。
於此處某者具足慧。彼被問而答質問。思念:「我是具足慧。然此等他之諸人是
不具足慧」。彼由慧之具足而輕賤他。於此處某者具足戒,防護別解脫律儀而住,具
足正行與行處,雖對微量之罪亦起怖畏,受持諸戒學。彼思念:〔我是具足戒。然此
等他之諸比丘是惡戒者、惡法者」。彼由戒之具足而輕賤他。於此處某者具足務,是
阿練若住者、常乞食者、糞掃衣者、但三衣者、時後不食者、常坐不臥者、又隨處
住者。」彼思念:〔我具足務。然此等他之諸人不具足務。」彼由務之具足而輕賤他。
「又由活命由慧力,由戒與務勿輕他」者,無論由粗惡〔食物〕而活命,由美味
〔食物〕而活命,雖慧之具足,雖戒之具足,雖務之具足,不可輕賤他、不可貶下。
由此而不可生慢,由此不可傲、不可傲慢、不可得意。此是「又由活命由慧〔力〕,
由戒與務勿輕他」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
勿為妄言所誘導 勿為誑言有正知
又由活命由慧〔力〕 由戒與務勿輕他
一八 諸沙門與廣言者 雖聞多之〔污辱〕語
不以粗語為返言 諸善人(寂者)不敵對 (九三二)
「被污辱諸沙門或雖聞廣言者之多〔污辱〕語」〔之句中〕,被污辱者,是被污辱,
被惡罵,被嘲弄,被侮蔑,被呵責,被誹謗。諸沙門者,是所有由此佛教以外之出
家者。廣言者是剎帝利、婆羅門、毘舍、首陀、在家者、出家者、天及人。彼等以
不喜好、不希望、不可意諸多之語怒罵、誹謗、惱,損惱、令苦、令惱苦、害、傷
害、以加傷害。聞、聽、把持、保持、觀察彼等之不喜好、不希望、不可意諸多之
語。此「被污辱諸沙門或雖聞廣言者之多〔污辱〕語」〔之義〕。
「不以粗〔語〕返言彼等」〔之句中〕,「以粗〔語〕」者,是以粗語、粗暴語。「不
返言」者,不可返語,不可返怒罵於怒罵者,不可返惱害之語於惱害者,不可返口論
於口論者,不可為爭鬥,不可口論,不可異執,不可諍論,不可確執。應捨斷爭鬥、
口論、異執、諍論、確執、應除去、應滅除、應令滅無。為遠去爭鬥、口論、異執、
諍論、確執、離、離去、出離、棄遣、離脫、離縛、應以不限定之心而住。此是「不以粗語為返言」〔之義〕。
「諸多善人不敵對」〔之句中〕,善人(寂者)者,是貪之寂故是寂者。瞋、痴、
忿、恨……乃至(一○五頁參照)……一切不善行之寂故,寂滅故,燒盡故,消滅
故,離去故,安息故,是寂者、寂靜者、寂滅者、消滅者、安息者、此是善人(寂
者)。」「諸多善人不敵對」者,是諸善人不為敵對、對抗、反擊、反對、不生、不令
發生、不起、不令生起。此是「諸多善人不敵對」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
諸沙門與廣言者 雖聞多之污〔辱〕
不以粗語為返言 諸多善人不敵對
一九 比丘了知此之法 簡擇而且常念學
〔煩惱〕消滅知是寂 瞿曇之教勿放逸 (九三三)
「了知此之法」〔之句中〕,「此之」者,是所被告、被示、施設、確立、開顯、分
別、顯示、說明。「了知法」者,是知、考量、廣知、辨知、明暸。如斯是「了知此之
法」,或又正與邪,〔正〕路與邪路,有罪與無罪,劣與勝,黑與白,了知識者所叱
責與識者所賞讚之法、知、考量、度知、辨知、明瞭。如斯亦是「了知此之法」。或
又了知正行道、隨順之行道、無害敵之行道、隨義之行道、法隨法之行道、諸戒之
完成、諸根之守護、對食知量、向警寤之努力、念正知、四念住、四正勤、四神足、
五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道、涅槃、至涅槃道之法,而知、考量、度知、辨知、明暸。
如斯亦是「了知此之法。」
「比丘簡擇常念學」〔之句中〕,簡擇而且者,是且簡擇,且思擇,且考量,且度
知,且辨知,且為明暸。〔即〕一切行是無常……乃至(二二頁參照)……所有集之
法一切是滅法。而且簡擇、思擇、考量、度知、辨知、明瞭。此是「比丘且簡擇」〔之
義〕。「常」者,是常一切場合、一切時……乃至(一二○頁參照)……是為老年期。
「有念」者,是由四行相而有念。〔即〕對身修習身隨觀念住……乃至(一二一頁參照)
……「者」謂有念者。「學」者,是學增上戒學、增上心學、增上慧學之三學……乃至
(一二一頁參照)……此是增上慧學。應顧念學此等三學……乃至(一二二頁參照)
……應學、應行、應正行、應受持而行。此是「比丘簡擇且常念學」〔之義〕。
「〔煩惱〕消滅知是寂」者知貪之消滅是寂,瞋、痴……乃至(一○五頁參照)……
知一切不善行之消滅是寂,而知、識、考量、度知、辨知、明暸。此是「煩惱消滅知是寂」〔之義〕。
「瞿曇之教勿放逸」者,於瞿曇之教,於佛之教,於勝者之教,於如來之教,於
天之教,於阿羅漢之教。「勿放逸」者,是恭敬作諸善法、常作、堅持作,不為萎縮
行,不放棄〔將行之〕欲,不放棄責任。謂:「我何時未圓滿戒蘊……乃至……未圓
滿定蘊、慧蘊、解脫蘊、解脫智見蘊,應以圓滿之耶?我何時應遍知未遍知苦耶?
應捨斷未捨斷之煩惱耶?應修習未修習之道耶?應作證未作證之滅耶?」於其處對
諸善法而有所有之欲、精進、勇猛、努力、力勢、不退、念、正知、熱心、精勤、
決意、勤勵、不放逸。此是「瞿曇之教勿放逸」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
比丘了知此之法 簡擇而且常念學
煩惱消滅知是寂 瞿曇之教勿放逸
二○ 彼〔自〕勝而不勝〔他〕 自內證法不傳聞
故於彼之世尊教 禮拜隨學不放逸 (九三四)
如此世尊〔宣說〕。
「彼〔自〕勝而不勝〔他〕」〔之句中〕,「勝」者,是色勝,聲勝,香勝,味勝,
觸勝,法勝。「不勝〔他〕」者,是對任何之煩惱亦不勝。蓋〔彼〕有雜染,齎再有、
有不安、有苦報、於未來當勝齎生老死諸之惡不善法。此是「彼勝而不能勝」〔之義〕。
「自內證法不傳聞」〔之句中〕,「自內證法」者,是不受賣,不傳說,不傳承,不
由藏經之說,不由思擇,不由推論,不由行相之審思,不由見、省、思、忍、乃自
己自知通自令現見之法。「見」者,是彼自內證之法、觀、觀、通達。此是「自內證法不傳聞」〔之義〕。
「故於彼之世尊教」〔之句中〕,「故」者,是是故,是於其理由,於其因,於其緣,
於其因緣。「於彼世尊之教」者,是於彼世尊之教,於瞿曇之教,於勝者之教,於如
來之教,於天之教,於阿羅漢之教。此是「故於彼世尊之教」〔之義〕。
「禮拜隨學不放逸。」如此世尊〔宣說〕〔之句中〕,「不放逸」者,是恭敬作諸善
法、常作、堅持作、不萎縮行,不放棄〔將行之〕欲,不放棄責任。「常」者,是常
於一切之場合……乃至……老年期。「禮拜」者,是以身禮拜,以語禮拜,以心禮拜,
為隨義之行道而禮拜,為法隨法之行道而禮拜,而且恭敬、尊重、尊敬、奉事,不
斷敬重。「隨學」者,是〔學〕增上戒學、增上心學、增上慧學之三學……乃至(一
二一頁以下參照)……此是增上慧學。應學顧念此等三學……乃至(一二二頁參照)
……應學作證應作證、應行、應正行、應行受持。「世尊」者,是尊重之同義語……
乃至(一○九頁以下參照)……此世尊之謂…與作證共施設者。此是「禮拜隨學不放
逸。如斯是世尊〔宣說〕」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
彼〔自〕勝而不勝〔他〕 自內證法不傳聞
故於彼世尊之教 禮拜隨學不放逸
如斯世尊〔宣說〕
第十四 迅速經之義釋畢