미란왕문경彌蘭王問經 2.1
미란왕문경彌蘭王問經
2. Milindapañha 제문提問
2.1 Mahāvagga 대품大品
2-3. Milindapañho
1. Mahāvaggo
1. Paññattipañho
1. Atha kho milindo rājā yenāyasmā nāgaseno tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā nāgasenena saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Āyasmāpi kho nāgaseno paṭisammodanīyeneva [paṭisammodi, teneva (sī.)] milindassa rañño cittaṃ ārādhesi. Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “kathaṃ bhadanto ñāyati, kinnāmosi bhante”ti? “Nāgaseno”ti kho ahaṃ, mahārāja, ñāyāmi, “nāgaseno”ti kho maṃ, mahārāja, sabrahmacārī samudācaranti, api ca mātāpitaro nāmaṃ karonti “nāgaseno”ti vā “sūraseno”ti vā “vīraseno”ti vā “sīhaseno”ti vā, api ca kho, mahārāja, saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmamattaṃ yadidaṃ nāgasenoti, na hettha puggalo upalabbhatīti.
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二 特 相
第一品
第一 問 名
爾時彌蘭王往詣尊者龍軍所在處。既達，與尊者龍軍互相問候。互問友好已，他退坐一面。尊者龍軍亦問候答禮使彌蘭王之心歡喜。彌蘭王遂向尊者龍軍如此說道：「尊者如何被人知？尊者何名？」
「大王，我以龍軍被人知。大王，同修梵行者呼我為龍軍。雖然父母取名曰龍軍或勇軍，或雄軍，或獅子軍，那只是一個名稱、稱呼、名字、泛指而已。此龍軍名，於此人不可得。」
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Atha kho milindo rājā evamāha “suṇantu me bhonto pañcasatā yonakā asītisahassā ca bhikkhū, ayaṃ nāgaseno evamāha ‘na hettha puggalo upalabbhatī’ti, kallaṃ nu kho tadabhinanditun”ti. Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “sace, bhante nāgasena, puggalo nūpalabbhati, ko carahi tumhākaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ deti, ko taṃ paribhuñjati, ko sīlaṃ rakkhati, ko bhāvanamanuyuñjati, ko maggaphalanibbānāni sacchikaroti, ko pāṇaṃ hanati, ko adinnaṃ ādiyati, ko kāmesumicchācāraṃ carati, ko musā bhaṇati, ko majjaṃ pivati, ko pañcānantariyakammaṃ karoti, tasmā natthi kusalaṃ, natthi akusalaṃ, natthi kusalākusalānaṃ kammānaṃ kattā vā kāretā vā, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, sace, bhante nāgasena, yo tumhe māreti, natthi tassāpi pāṇātipāto, tumhākampi, bhante nāgasena, natthi ācariyo, natthi upajjhāyo, natthi upasampadā. ‘Nāgasenoti maṃ, mahārāja, sabrahmacārī samudācarantī’ti yaṃ vadesi, ‘katamo ettha nāgaseno? Kinnu kho, bhante, kesā nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Lomā nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Nakhā…pe… dantā…pe… taco…pe… maṃsaṃ…pe… nhāru…pe… aṭṭhi…pe… aṭṭhimiñjaṃ…pe… vakkaṃ…pe… hadayaṃ…pe… yakanaṃ…pe… kilomakaṃ…pe… pihakaṃ…pe… papphāsaṃ…pe… antaṃ…pe… antaguṇaṃ…pe… udariyaṃ…pe… karīsaṃ…pe… pittaṃ…pe… semhaṃ…pe… pubbo…pe… lohitaṃ…pe… sedo…pe… medo…pe… assu…pe… vasā…pe… kheḷo…pe… siṅghāṇikā…pe… lasikā…pe… muttaṃ…pe… matthake matthaluṅgaṃ nāgaseno”ti? “Na himahārājā”ti. “Kiṃ nu kho, bhante, rūpaṃ nāgaseno”ti? “Nahi mahārājā”ti. “Vedanā nāgaseno”ti?“Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Saññā nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Saṅkhārā nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Viññāṇaṃ nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Kiṃ pana, bhante, rūpavedanāsaññāsaṅkhāraviññāṇaṃ nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Kiṃ pana, bhante, aññatra rūpavedanāsaññāsaṅkhāraviññāṇaṃ nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Tamahaṃ bhante, pucchanto pucchanto na passāmi nāgasenaṃ. Nāgasenasaddo yeva nu kho, bhante, nāgaseno”ti? “Na hi mahārājā”ti. “Ko panettha nāgaseno, alikaṃ tvaṃ, bhante, bhāsasi musāvādaṃ, natthi nāgaseno”ti.
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於是彌蘭王如此說道：「諸賢，五百臾那人及八萬比丘且聽我說。此龍軍如此說道：『於此人不可得。』此是否適宜而得認可？」時彌蘭王向尊者龍軍說：
「尊者龍軍，若人不可得，則誰給你們衣服、飲食、房舍、醫藥等所需資具？又誰享受、誰護戒、誰習定？誰證道、果、涅槃？誰殺生？誰不與取？誰行邪婬？誰妄語？誰飲酒？誰作五無間業；因此，無善無不善，無人作或教人作善不善業，無善惡業之異熟果。尊者龍軍，若有人殺你，於他不是殺生。尊者龍軍，你們亦無阿闍黎，無和尚及具足戒。若你說：『大王，同修梵行者呼我為龍軍』，於此何者是龍軍？尊者，頭髮是龍軍？」
「大王，否。」
「尊者，身毛是龍軍？」
「大王，否。」
「尊者，指甲……齒，皮，肉、筋、骨，骨髓、腎、心、肝、膜皮、脾、肺、腸、腸間膜、腹、屎、膽汁、痰、膿、血、汗、脂肪、淚、血漿、唾液、黏液、骨節油、尿、腦是龍軍？」
「大王，否。」
「尊者，色、受、想、行、識是龍軍？」
「大王，否。」
「尊者，我數次發問，但我不見龍軍。尊者，龍軍只是聲音，於此誰是龍軍？尊者，你說謊，你說妄語，實無龍軍。」
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Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno milindaṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca “tvaṃ khosi, mahārāja, khattiyasukhumālo accantasukhumālo, tassa te, mahārāja, majjhanhikasamayaṃ tattāya bhūmiyā uṇhāya vālikāya kharāya sakkharakathalikāya [kharā sakkharakaṭhalavālikā (sī. pī.)] madditvā pādenāgacchantassa pādā rujjanti, kāyo kilamati, cittaṃ upahaññati, dukkhasahagataṃ kāyaviññāṇaṃ uppajjati, kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ pādenāgatosi, udāhu vāhanenā”ti? “Nāhaṃ, bhante, pādenāgacchāmi, rathenāhaṃ āgatosmī”ti. “Sace, tvaṃ mahārāja, rathenāgatosi, rathaṃ me ārocehi, kiṃ nu kho, mahārāja, īsā ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Akkho ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Cakkāni ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Rathapañjaraṃ ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Rathadaṇḍako ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Yugaṃ ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Rasmiyo ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Patodalaṭṭhi ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Kiṃ nu kho, mahārāja, īsāakkhacakkarathapañjararathadaṇḍayugarasmipatodā ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Kiṃ pana, mahārāja, aññatra īsāakkhacakkarathapañjararathadaṇḍayugarasmipatodā ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Tamahaṃ, mahārāja, pucchanto pucchanto na passāmi rathaṃ. Rathasaddoyeva nu kho, mahārāja, ratho”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Ko panettha ratho, alikaṃ, tvaṃ mahārāja, bhāsasi musāvādaṃ, natthi ratho, tvaṃsi, mahārāja, sakalajambudīpe aggarājā, kassa pana tvaṃ bhāyitvā musāvādaṃ bhāsasi, suṇantu me bhonto pañcasatā yonakā asītisahassā ca bhikkhū, ayaṃ milindo rājā evamāha ‘rathenāhaṃ āgatosmī’ti, sace tvaṃ, mahārāja, rathenāgato‘si, rathaṃ me ārocehī’ti vutto samāno rathaṃ na sampādeti, kallaṃ nu kho tadabhinanditun”ti. Evaṃ vutte pañcasatā yonakā āyasmato nāgasenassa sādhukāraṃ datvā milindaṃ rājānaṃ etadavocuṃ “idāni kho tvaṃ, mahārāja, sakkonto bhāsassū”ti.
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於是尊者龍軍向彌蘭王如此說道：「大王，你得優裕養育，你是極優裕養育之剎帝利，大王，若中午時你赤腳行於炙熱的熱土、踐踏砂礫、圓石及粗沙，你乃腳傷、身疲、心損，為苦所伴之身識遂生。大王，你步行來還是乘車來？」
「尊者，我非步行來，我乘車來。」
「大王，若乘車來，請以車告訴我。大王，轅是車否？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，軸是車否？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，輪是車否？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，車身……旗杆、車軛、韁繩、刺棍是車否？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，轅、軸、輪、車身、旗杆、車軛、韁繩、刺棍是車否？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，轅、軸、輪、車身、旗杆、車軛、韁繩、刺棍之外是車否？
「尊者，否。」
「大王，我數次發問，但我均不見車。大王，車只是聲音，於此什麼是車？大王，你說謊，你妄語，實無車。大王，你是全印度第一王，你怕誰而說謊？諸位，五百臾那人及八萬比丘請聽我說：
此彌蘭王如此說道：『我乘車來』，但當被問及：『大王，若你乘車來，以車告訴我』時，他無呈獻，此是否適宜而得認可？」
說此語已，五百臾那人向尊者龍軍喝彩後，向彌蘭王說道：「大王，若可能，現在該你發言。」
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Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “nāhaṃ, bhante nāgasena, musā bhaṇāmi, īsañca paṭicca akkhañca paṭicca cakkāni ca paṭicca rathapañjarañca paṭicca rathadaṇḍakañca paṭicca ‘ratho’ti saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmamattaṃ pavattatī”ti.
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於是彌蘭王向尊者龍軍說道：「尊者龍軍，我無妄語。因基於車轅，基於車軸，車輪、車身，旗杆，車軛、韁繩，刺棍等遂成車名、稱呼、名字、名號、泛指。」
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“Sādhu kho, tvaṃ mahārāja, rathaṃ jānāsi, evameva kho, mahārāja, mayhampi kese ca paṭicca lome ca paṭicca…pe… matthake matthaluṅgañca paṭicca rūpañca paṭicca vedanañca paṭicca saññañca paṭicca saṅkhāre ca paṭicca viññāṇañca paṭicca ‘nāgaseno’ti saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmamattaṃ pavattati, paramatthato panettha puggalo nūpalabbhati. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, vajirāya bhikkhuniyā bhagavato sammukhā –
“‘Yathā hi aṅgasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti;
Evaṃ khandhesu santesu, hoti “satto”ti sammutī’”ti [passa saṃ. ni. 1.171].
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「大王，善哉。你已知車。大王，以我來說，基於頭髮，基於身發……腦、色、受、想、行、識等遂成為龍軍的名稱、稱呼、名字、名號、泛指亦復如是。但依真諦，於此人不可得。大王，金剛比丘尼於佛前亦曾作此說：
『如零件配合，乃名為車，諸蘊生存時，稱名有情亦復如此。』」
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“Acchariyaṃ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṃ, bhante nāgasena, aticitrāni pañhapaṭibhānāni visajjitāni, yadi buddho tiṭṭheyya sādhukāraṃ dadeyya, sādhu sādhu nāgasena, aticitrāni pañhapaṭibhānāni visajjitānī”ti.
Paññattipañho paṭhamo.
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「稀有哉，尊者龍軍，未曾有哉，尊者龍軍。解答所問甚是精彩。若佛尚在，也會喝彩。龍軍，善哉，善哉。
解答所問甚是精彩。」
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2. Vassagaṇanapañho
2. “Kativassosi tvaṃ, bhante nāgasenā”ti? “Sattavassohaṃ, mahārājā”ti. “Ke te, bhante, satta, tvaṃ vā satta, gaṇanā vā sattā”ti?
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第二 年齡之問
「尊者龍軍，你的戒臘幾歲？」
「大王，我為七歲。」
「尊者，此七者為何？你是七，或者計算是七？」
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Tena kho pana samayena milindassa rañño sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattassa pathaviyaṃ chāyā dissati, udakamaṇike ca chāyā dissati. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno milindaṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca “ayaṃ te, mahārāja, chāyā pathaviyaṃ udakamaṇike ca dissati, kiṃ pana, mahārāja, tvaṃ vā rājā, chāyā vā rājā”ti? “Ahaṃ, bhante nāgasena, rājā, nāyaṃ chāyā rājā, maṃ pana nissāya chāyā pavattatī”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, vassānaṃ gaṇanā satta, na panāhaṃ satta, maṃ pana nissāya satta pavattati, chāyūpamaṃ mahārājā”ti. “Acchariyaṃ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṃ, bhante nāgasena, aticitrāni pañhapaṭibhānāni visajjitānī”ti.
Vassagaṇanapañho dutiyo.
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爾時地上及水缸裡可見到全部披掛、裝飾、莊嚴、穿著的彌蘭王之影。
於是尊者龍軍向彌蘭王如此說道：「大王，你是王或者影子是王？」
「尊者龍軍，我是王，此影子不是王。因有我，影子乃現。」
「大王，年歲的計算是七，我不是七。因有我，七乃出現，如影子的譬喻。」
「稀有哉，尊者龍軍，未曾有哉，尊者龍軍。解答所問甚是精彩。」
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3. Vīmaṃsanapañho
3. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, sallapissasi mayā saddhin”ti? “Sace, tvaṃ mahārāja, paṇḍitavādaṃ [paṇḍitavādā (sī. pī.)] sallapissasi sallapissāmi, sace pana rājavādaṃ sallapissasi na sallapissāmī”ti. “Kathaṃ, bhante nāgasena, paṇḍitā sallapantī”ti? “Paṇḍitānaṃ kho, mahārāja, sallāpe āveṭhanampi kayirati, nibbeṭhanampi kayirati, niggahopi kayirati, paṭikammampi kayirati, vissāsopi [visesopi (sī. pī.)] kayirati, paṭivissāsopi kayirati, na ca tena paṇḍitā kuppanti, evaṃ kho, mahārāja, paṇḍitā sallapantī”ti. “Kathaṃ pana, bhante, rājāno sallapantī”ti? “Rājāno kho, mahārāja, sallāpe ekaṃ vatthuṃ paṭijānanti, yo taṃ vatthuṃ vilometi, tassa daṇḍaṃ āṇāpenti ‘imassa daṇḍaṃ paṇethā’ti, evaṃ kho, mahārāja, rājāno sallapantī”ti. “Paṇḍitavādāhaṃ, bhante, sallapissāmi, no rājavādaṃ, vissaṭṭho bhadanto sallapatu yathā bhikkhunā vā sāmaṇerena vā upāsakena vā ārāmikena vā saddhiṃ sallapati, evaṃ vissaṭṭho bhadanto sallapatu mā bhāyatū”ti. “Suṭṭhu mahārājā”ti thero abbhānumodi.
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第三 智者或王者之對論
國王說：「尊者龍軍，你將和我對論？」
「大王，若你以智者的言辭，我將對論；若你以王者的言辭，我將不對論。」
「尊者龍軍，如何是智者的對論？」
「大王，智者的對論作解說、作解釋、作反駁、作矯正、作簡別、作對立，智者不因此發怒。大王，如此為智者的對論。」
「尊者，如何是王者的對論？」
「大王，於王者的對論，只認可一事。凡不同意該事者，他們下令說道：『懲罰此人。』大王，如此便是王者的對論。」
「尊者，我將以智者的言辭，不以王者的言辭而對論。尊者，你可自信地對論，如同對比丘、沙彌、優婆塞或侍者一樣。尊者可自信地對論，不必懼怕。」
長老同意說：「大王，甚善。」
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Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, pucchissāmī”ti. “Puccha mahārājā”ti. “Pucchitosi me bhante”ti. “Visajjitaṃ mahārājā”ti. “Kiṃ pana, bhante, tayā visajjitan”ti? “Kiṃ pana, mahārāja, tayā pucchitan”ti.
Vīmaṃsanapañho tatiyo.
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「尊者龍軍，我將發問。」
「大王，你問。」
「尊者，我已問。」
「大王，我已答。」
「但尊者，你答的是什麼？」
「大王，你問的是什麼？」
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4. Anantakāyapañho
4. Atha kho milindassa rañño etadahosi “paṇḍito kho ayaṃ bhikkhu paṭibalo mayā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ, bahukāni ca me ṭhānāni pucchitabbāni bhavissanti, yāva apucchitāni yeva tāni ṭhānāni bhavissanti, atha sūriyo atthaṃ gamissati, yaṃnūnāhaṃ sve antepure sallapeyyan”ti. Atha kho rājā devamantiyaṃ etadavoca “tena hi, tvaṃ devamantiya, bhadantassa āroceyyāsi ‘sve antepure raññā saddhiṃ sallāpo bhavissatī’”ti. Idaṃ vatvā milindo rājā uṭṭhāyāsanā theraṃ nāgasenaṃ āpucchitvā rathaṃ abhirūhitvā “nāgaseno nāgaseno”ti sajjhāyaṃ karonto pakkāmi.
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第四 氣與命
時彌蘭王如此想道：「此比丘是智者，能與我對論。但我所應問者很多，於發問之前太陽將西下，我應明日在宮內發問。於是彌蘭王向提婆曼諦耶如此說道：「如是，提婆曼諦耶，你應通知尊者：『明日在宮內與國王對論。』說此語已，王即從座起，問訊長老龍軍後上馬，一再稱念「龍軍，龍軍」而去。
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Atha kho devamantiyo āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “rājā, bhante, milindo evamāha ‘sve antepure raññā saddhiṃ sallāpo bhavissatī’”ti. “Suṭṭhū”ti thero abbhānumodi. Atha kho tassā rattiyā accayena devamantiyo ca anantakāyo ca maṅkuro ca sabbadinno ca yena milindo rājā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ milindaṃ etadavocuṃ “āgacchatu, mahārāja, bhadanto nāgaseno”ti? “Āma āgacchatū”ti. “Kittakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū”ti? “Yattake bhikkhū icchati, tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū”ti.
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其後提婆曼諦耶向尊者龍軍如此說道：「尊者龍軍，彌蘭王作此說：『明日將在王宮內舉行對論。』長老同意說：「甚善。」
時提婆曼諦耶、無邊身、曼枯羅、一切施等於其夜盡天曉時，往詣彌蘭王宮。既達，向彌蘭王說道：「大王，（今日）是否讓尊者龍軍來？」
「是。讓他來。」
「多少比丘與其同來？」
「讓其與所欲數之比丘同來。」
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Atha kho sabbadinno āha “āgacchatu, mahārāja, dasahi bhikkhūhi saddhin”ti, dutiyampi kho rājā āha “yattake bhikkhū icchati, tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū”ti. Dutiyampi kho sabbadinno āha “āgacchatu, mahārāja, dasahi bhikkhūhi saddhin”ti. Tatiyampi kho rājā āha “yattake bhikkhū icchati, tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū”ti. Tatiyampi kho sabbadinno āha “āgacchatu, mahārāja, dasahi bhikkhūhi saddhin”ti. “Sabbo panāyaṃ sakkāro paṭiyādito, ahaṃ bhaṇāmi ‘yattake bhikkhū icchati, tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū’ti. Ayaṃ, bhaṇe sabbadinno, aññathā bhaṇati, kiṃ nu mayaṃ nappaṭibalā bhikkhūnaṃ bhojanaṃ dātun”ti? Evaṃ vutte sabbadinno maṅku ahosi.
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一切施說：「大王，讓他與十位比丘同來。」
國王第二第三次說：「讓其與所欲數之比丘同來。」
一切施第二第三次說：「大王，讓他與十位比丘同來。」
「一切供養已經備好，我說：『讓他與所欲數之若干比丘同來。』雖然我如此說，而一切施仍然別有所說。雖然我們無力施捨比丘僧食？」說此語已，一切施甚感悻然。
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Atha kho devamantiyo ca anantakāyo ca maṅkuro ca yenāyasmā nāgaseno tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavocuṃ “rājā, bhante, milindo evamāha ‘yattake bhikkhū icchati, tattakehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ āgacchatū’”ti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya asītiyā bhikkhusahassehi saddhiṃ sāgalaṃ pāvisi.
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爾時提婆曼諦耶，無邊身及曼枯羅往詣尊者龍軍所在處。既達，向尊者龍軍說道：「尊者，彌蘭王如是說：『讓其與所欲數之比丘同來。」於是尊者龍軍於清晨著衣持缽，與八萬比丘入薩竭那城。
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Atha kho anantakāyo āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ nissāya gacchanto āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “bhante nāgasena, yaṃ panetaṃ brūsi ‘nāgaseno’ti, katamo ettha, nāgaseno”ti? Thero āha “ko panettha ‘nāgaseno’ti maññasī”ti? “Yo so, bhante, abbhantare vāto jīvo pavisati ca nikkhamati ca, so ‘nāgaseno’ti maññāmī”ti. “Yadi paneso vāto nikkhamitvā nappaviseyya, pavisitvā na nikkhameyya, jīveyya nu kho so puriso”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Ye panime saṅkhadhamakā saṅkhaṃ dhamenti, tesaṃ vāto puna pavisatī”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Ye panime vaṃsadhamakā vaṃsaṃ dhamenti, tesaṃ vāto puna pavisatī”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Ye panime siṅgadhamakā siṅgaṃ dhamenti, tesaṃ vāto puna pavisatī”ti? “Na hi bhante”ti. “Atha kissa pana tena na marantī”ti. “Nāhaṃ paṭibalo tayā vādinā saddhiṃ sallapituṃ, sādhu, bhante, atthaṃ jappehī”ti. “Neso jīvo, assāsapassāsā nāmete kāyasaṅkhārā”ti thero abhidhammakathaṃ kathesi. Atha anantakāyo upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesīti.
Anantakāyapañho catuttho.
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時無邊身在尊者龍軍身旁同行，彼說：「尊者龍軍，我呼為龍軍者，於此誰是龍軍？」
長老說：「你想於此誰是龍軍？」
「尊者龍軍，任何內部之氣（呼吸）、命（靈魂）出去進來者，我想即是龍軍。」
「若該氣出而不入，或入而不出，那人會生存嗎？」
「尊者，否。」
「吹螺者吹其螺時，其氣會返入否？」
「尊者，否。」
「吹笛者吹竹笛時，其氣會再返入否？」
「尊者，否。」
「吹角者吹其角時，其氣會再返入否？」
「尊者，否。」
「但為何他們不死？」
「尊者，善哉。我不能和你對談此論，請解說其義！」
「此非命（靈魂）。入息出息是身之活動。」長老作了阿毗達摩講說。於是無邊身宣佈其優婆塞的身份。
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5. Pabbajjapañho
5. Atha kho āyasmā nāgaseno yena milindassa rañño nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ saparisaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappetvā sampavāretvā ekamekaṃ bhikkhuṃ ekamekena dussayugena acchādetvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ ticīvarena acchādetvā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “bhante nāgasena dasahi, bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ idha nisīdatha, avasesā gacchantū”ti.
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第五 出家之目的
爾時尊者龍軍赴彌蘭王王宮。既達，坐於預設之座位。彌蘭王親手以精美可嚼可飲之食物奉獻，滿足尊者龍軍及侍從；又各以一襲衣服披著每一比丘，以三衣披著尊者龍軍。復向尊者龍軍如此說道：「尊者，你與十位比丘同坐此處，餘者遣去。」
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Atha kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ viditvā aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho milindo rājā āyasmantaṃ nāgasenaṃ etadavoca “bhante nāgasena, kimhi hoti kathāsallāpo”ti? “Atthena mayaṃ, mahārāja, atthikā, atthe hotu kathāsallāpo”ti.
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時彌蘭王知尊者龍軍飯食已畢，已洗手及缽，他取一矮凳坐於一面。既坐於一面，他向尊者龍軍說道：
「尊者龍軍，對論何事？」
「大王，我等先要有目的，且對論目的。」
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Rājā āha “kimatthiyā, bhante nāgasena, tumhākaṃ pabbajjā, ko ca tumhākaṃ paramattho”ti. Thero āha “kinti, mahārāja, idaṃ dukkhaṃ nirujjheyya, aññañca dukkhaṃ na uppajjeyyāti. Etadatthā, mahārāja, amhākaṃ pabbajjā, anupādā parinibbānaṃ kho pana amhākaṃ paramattho”ti.
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國王說：「尊者龍軍，你等出家為何目的？什麼是你等的最高目的？」
長老說：「大王，為什麼呢？為此苦將滅，他苦不生。
大王，我等出家是為此目的，而我等的最高目的，是無取著涅槃。」
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“Kiṃ pana, bhante nāgasena, sabbe etadatthāya pabbajantī”ti? “Na hi, mahārāja, keci etadatthāya pabbajanti, keci rājābhinītā [rājabhītitā (sī.)] pabbajanti, keci corābhinītā [corabhītitā (sī.)] pabbajanti, keci iṇaṭṭā pabbajanti, keci ājīvikatthāya pabbajanti, ye pana sammā pabbajanti, te etadatthāya pabbajantī”ti.
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「尊者龍軍，是否一切出家皆為此目的？」
「大王，否。有為此目的而出家，有迫於王政而出家，有迫於盜賊而出家，有迫於負債而出家，有迫於生活而出家。但彼正出家者，乃為此目的。」
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“Tvaṃ pana, bhante, etadatthāya pabbajitosī”ti? “Ahaṃ kho, mahārāja, daharako santo pabbajito, na jānāmi imassa nāmatthāya pabbajāmīti, api ca kho me evaṃ ahosi ‘paṇḍitā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā, te maṃ sikkhāpessantī’ti, svāhaṃ tehi sikkhāpito jānāmi ca passāmi ca ‘imassa nāmatthāya pabbajjā’”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Pabbajjapañho pañcamo.
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「尊者，如是，你為此目的而出家？」
「大王，我出家時是一幼童，我尚不知為此目的而出家。但我曾想：彼沙門釋子是智者，他們將令我修學。
現今，我已得他們教訓，我已知己見，出家是為此目的。」
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6. Paṭisandhipañho
6. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, atthi koci mato na paṭisandahatī”ti. Thero āha “koci paṭisandahati, koci na paṭisandahatī”ti. “Ko paṭisandahati, ko na paṭisandahatī”ti? “Sakileso, mahārāja, paṭisandahati, nikkileso na paṭisandahatī”ti. “Tvaṃ pana, bhante nāgasena, paṭisandahissasī”ti? “Sace, mahārāja, saupādāno bhavissāmi paṭisandahissāmi, sace anupādāno bhavissāmi na paṭisandahissāmī”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Paṭisandhipañho chaṭṭho.
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第六 再生
國王說：「尊者龍軍，是否有人死後不再生？」
長老說：「有再生者，有不再生者。」
「尊者，誰再生誰不再生？」
「大王，有煩惱者再生，無煩惱者不再生。」
「尊者，你再生否？」
大王，若有取著我將再生，若無取著則我將不再生。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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7. Yonisomanasikārapañho
7. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, yo na paṭisandahati, nanu so yoniso manasikārena na paṭisandahatī”ti? “Yoniso ca mahārāja, manasikārena paññāya ca aññehi ca kusalehi dhammehī”ti. “Nanu, bhante, yoniso manasikāro yeva paññā”ti? “Na hi, mahārāja, añño manasikāro, aññā paññā, imesaṃ kho, mahārāja, ajeḷakagoṇamahiṃsaoṭṭhagadrabhānampi manasikāro atthi, paññā pana tesaṃ natthī”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Yonisomanasikārapañho sattamo.
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第七 作意
國王說：「尊者龍軍，那不再生的人是否因如理作意而不再生？」
「大王，因如理作意、因智慧及其他善法。」
「尊者，是否如理作意即智慧？」
「大王，否。作意為一事，智慧為另一事。
大王，於此二者，羊、山羊，牡牛、水牛，駱駝及驢子有作意，但他們無智慧。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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8. Manasikāralakkhaṇapañho
8. Rājā āha “kiṃlakkhaṇo, bhante nāgasena, manasikāro, kiṃlakkhaṇā paññā”ti? “Ūhanalakkhaṇo kho, mahārāja, manasikāro, chedanalakkhaṇā paññā”ti.
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第八 作意的特相
國王說：「尊者，何為作意的特相？何為智慧的特相？」
「大王，作意的特相是思慮，智慧的特相是截斷。」
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“Kathaṃ ūhanalakkhaṇo manasikāro, kathaṃ chedanalakkhaṇā paññā, opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Jānāsi, tvaṃ mahārāja, yavalāvake”ti. “Āma, bhante, jānāmī”ti. “Kathaṃ, mahārāja, yavalāvakā yavaṃ lunantī”ti? “Vāmena, bhante, hatthena yavakalāpaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena dāttaṃ gahetvā dāttena chindantī”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「如何作意有思慮的特相及如何智慧有截斷的特相？請給一譬喻。」
「大王，你知割麥人否」
「尊者，是，我知。」
「大王，割麥人如何割麥？」
「尊者，他們以左手握捉一束麥，以右手執鐮刀而割麥。」
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“Yathā, mahārāja, yavalāvako vāmena hatthena yavakalāpaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena dāttaṃ gahetvā yavaṃ chindati, evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro manasikārena mānasaṃ gahetvā paññāya kilese chindati, evaṃ kho, mahārāja, ūhanalakkhaṇo manasikāro, evaṃ chedanalakkhaṇā paññā”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Manasikāralakkhaṇapañho aṭṭhamo.
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「大王，譬如割麥人以左手握捉一束麥，以右手執鐮刀而割麥。
大王，瑜伽行者以作意握捉其心，用智慧截斷煩惱亦復如是。
大王，如是為作意有思慮的特相，如是為智慧有截斷的特相。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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9. Sīlalakkhaṇapañho
9. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, yaṃ panetaṃ brūsi ‘aññehi ca kusalehi dhammehī’ti, katame te kusalā dhammā”ti? “Sīlaṃ, mahārāja, saddhā vīriyaṃ sati samādhi, ime te kusalā dhammā”ti. “Kiṃlakkhaṇaṃ, bhante, sīlan”ti? “Patiṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ, mahārāja, sīlaṃ sabbesaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, indriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgasatipaṭṭhānasammappadhānaiddhipādajhānavimokkhasa- mādhisamāpattīnaṃ sīlaṃ patiṭṭhaṃ, sīle patiṭṭhito kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya pañcindriyāni bhāveti saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyanti, sabbe kusalā dhammā na parihāyantī”ti. “Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, ye keci bījagāmabhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti, sabbe te pathaviṃ nissāya pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya pañcindriyāni bhāveti saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyan”ti.
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第九 戒的特相
國王說：「尊者龍軍，適才你說『及因其他善法。』何者是這些善法？」
「大王，戒、信、精進、念、定、（慧）、──這些是善法。」
「尊者，戒的特相是什麼？」
「大王，戒是一切善法住立的特相，即：五根、五力、七菩提分、八聖道、四念住、四正勤、四神足、四禪、八解脫、四定、八等至──此一切皆住立於戒。大王，住立於戒者，一切善法不退滅。」
「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如種子與植物之發芽、生長、壯大、結實，他們皆依止大地及住立於地上，如是他們遂發芽、生長、壯大、結實。大王，瑜伽行者依止戒及住立於戒，修習五根，即：信根，精進根、念根、定根、慧根亦復如是。」
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“Bhiyyo opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, ye keci balakaraṇīyā kammantā kayiranti, sabbe te pathaviṃ nissāya pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya kayiranti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya pañcindriyāni bhāveti saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyan”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「請再給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如用力作務者，依止地及住立地上是為用力作務。
大王，瑜伽行者依止戒及住立於戒修習五根，即：信根、精進根、念根、定根、慧根亦復如是。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhiyyo opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, nagaravaḍḍhakī nagaraṃ māpetukāmo paṭhamaṃ nagaraṭṭhānaṃ sodhāpetvā khāṇukaṇṭakaṃ apakaḍḍhāpetvā bhūmiṃ samaṃ kārāpetvā tato aparabhāge vīthicatukkasiṅghāṭakādiparicchedena vibhajitvā nagaraṃ māpeti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya pañcindriyāni bhāveti saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyan”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「請再給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如建城師欲築城時先清除城之基址，拔出樹根刺蕨，使其平坦，其後劃分街道，四衛，廣場而始築城。
大王，瑜伽行者依止戒及住立於戒修習五根，即：信根、精進根、念根、定根、慧根亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhiyyo opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, laṅghako sippaṃ dassetukāmo pathaviṃ khaṇāpetvā sakkharakathalaṃ apakaḍḍhāpetvā bhūmiṃ samaṃ kārāpetvā mudukāya bhūmiyā sippaṃ dasseti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya pañcindriyāni bhāveti saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyanti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā –
☸.....................................................................
「請再給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如翻觔斗者欲作表演，彼先掘地，除去砂礫、小圓石，令地平坦，令地鬆軟，後始表演技藝。
大王，瑜伽行者依止戒及住立於戒修習五根，即：信根、精進根、念根、定根、慧根亦復如是。
大王，世尊亦曾作此說：
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“‘Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;
Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan’ti [passa saṃ. ni. 1.23].
“‘Ayaṃ patiṭṭhā dharaṇīva pāṇinaṃ, idañca mūlaṃ kusalābhivuḍḍhiyā;
Mukhañcidaṃ sabbajinānusāsane, yo sīlakkhandho varapātimokkhiyo’”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Sīlalakkhaṇapañho navamo.
☸.....................................................................
『智者住立於戒，修心及與智慧。
精進聰明比丘，能解開此纏縛。
如此生類住立地上，以此戒蘊之最勝波羅提木叉，作眾善增長之根本，此是勝者教言之綱領。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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10. Sampasādanalakkhaṇasaddhāpañho
10. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, kiṃlakkhaṇā saddhā”ti? “Sampasādanalakkhaṇā ca, mahārāja, saddhā, sampakkhandanalakkhaṇā cā”ti. “Kathaṃ, bhante, sampasādanalakkhaṇā saddhā”ti? “Saddhā kho, mahārāja, uppajjamānā nīvaraṇe vikkhambheti, vinīvaraṇaṃ cittaṃ hoti acchaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, sampasādanalakkhaṇā saddhā”ti.
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第十 信的特相
國王說：「尊者龍軍，什麼是信的特相？」
「大王，澄淨是信的特相，躍進是信的特相。」
「尊者龍軍，如何澄淨是信的特相。」
「大王，當信生起，破滅五蓋，離去諸障的心變為澄清、清淨、安靜。大王如此是信的特相。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, rājā cakkavattī caturaṅginiyā senāya saddhiṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno parittaṃ udakaṃ tareyya, taṃ udakaṃ hatthīhi ca assehi ca rathehi ca pattīhi ca khubhitaṃ bhaveyya āvilaṃ luḷitaṃ kalalībhūtaṃ. Uttiṇṇo ca rājā cakkavattī manusse āṇāpeyya ‘pānīyaṃ, bhaṇe, āharatha, pivissāmī’ti, rañño ca udakappasādako maṇi bhaveyya. ‘Evaṃ devā’ti kho te manussā rañño cakkavattissa paṭissutvā taṃ udakappasādakaṃ maṇiṃ udake pakkhipeyyuṃ, tasmiṃ udake pakkhittamatte saṅkhasevālapaṇakaṃ vigaccheyya, kaddamo ca sannisīdeyya, acchaṃ bhaveyya udakaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ. Tato rañño cakkavattissa pānīyaṃ upanāmeyyuṃ ‘pivatu, deva, pānīyan’ti.
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「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如轉輪王偕四種軍沿大道行進，或會涉履淺水處，其水被象軍，馬軍，車軍，步軍攪亂成為污穢、渾濁、污濁。過水之後轉輪王或會命其從人說：『諸位，取水來，我欲飲水。』『陛下，是。』若轉輪王有一澄水珠，於應諾之後，其從人將澄水珠投入水中。珠既投入，水中貝殼及水藻消失，污泥沉澱，水變清澄、潔淨、無垢。於是他們取水奉轉輪王：『陛下，請飲水。』
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“Yathā, mahārāja, udakaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, yathā te manussā, evaṃ yogāvacaro daṭṭhabbo, yathā saṅkhasevālapaṇakaṃ kaddamo ca, evaṃ kilesā daṭṭhabbā. Yathā udakappasādako maṇi, evaṃ saddhā daṭṭhabbā, yathā udakappasādake maṇimhi udake pakkhittamatte saṅkhasevālapaṇakaṃ vigaccheyya, kaddamo ca sannisīdeyya, acchaṃ bhaveyya udakaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ, evameva kho, mahārāja, saddhā uppajjamānā nīvaraṇe vikkhambheti, vinīvaraṇaṃ cittaṃ hoti acchaṃ vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ, evaṃ kho, mahārāja, sampasādanalakkhaṇā saddhā”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Sampasādanalakkhaṇasaddhāpañho dasamo.
☸.....................................................................
大王，水應以心視之，從人應以瑜伽行者視之，水藻、污泥應以煩惱視之，澄水珠應以信視之。譬如澄水珠投入水中，貝殼及水藻消失，污泥沉澱，水變澄清、潔淨、無垢，大王，當信生起時破滅五蓋，離去諸障的心變為澄清、清淨、安靜亦復如是。大王，如此，澄淨是信的特相。」
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11. Sampakkhandanalakkhaṇasaddhāpañho
11. “Kathaṃ, bhante, sampakkhandanalakkhaṇā saddhā”ti,? “Yathā, mahārāja, yogāvacaro aññesaṃ cittaṃ vimuttaṃ passitvā sotāpattiphale vā sakadāgāmiphale vā anāgāmiphale vā arahatte vā sampakkhandati yogaṃ karoti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, sampakkhandanalakkhaṇā saddhā”ti.
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「尊者，如何躍進是信的特相？」
「大王，譬如瑜伽行者見他人之心獲得解脫遂希求預流果，或一來果，或不還果，或阿羅漢果，修持瑜伽以達未達者，得未得者，證未證者，大王，躍進是信的特相亦復如是。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, uparipabbate mahāmegho abhippavasseyya, taṃ udakaṃ yathāninnaṃ pavattamānaṃ pabbatakandarapadarasākhā paripūretvā nadiṃ paripūreyya, sā ubhato kūlāni saṃvissandantī gaccheyya, atha mahājanakāyo āgantvā tassā nadiyā uttānataṃ vā gambhīrataṃ vā ajānanto bhīto vitthato tīre tiṭṭheyya, athaññataro puriso āgantvā attano thāmañca balañca sampassanto gāḷhaṃ kacchaṃ bandhitvā pakkhanditvā tareyya, taṃ tiṇṇaṃ passitvā mahājanakāyopi tareyya. Evameva kho, mahārāja, yogāvacaro aññesaṃ cittaṃ vimuttaṃ passitvā sotāpattiphale vā sakadāgāmiphale vā anāgāmiphale vā arahatte vā sampakkhandati yogaṃ karoti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, sampakkhandanalakkhaṇā saddhāti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā saṃyuttanikāyavare –
“‘Saddhāya taratī oghaṃ, appamādena aṇṇavaṃ;
Vīriyena dukkhamacceti, paññāya parisujjhatī’”ti [passa saṃ. ni. 1.246].
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Sampakkhandanalakkhaṇasaddhāpañho ekādasamo.
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「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如山頂將下大雨，其水下流，既滿山間之溝壑、罅隙、支流及充塞江河，並行而漲泛河之兩岸。此時若一群人來，不知該河之廣闊深淺，則會站立岸邊驚惶與躊躕。其後若有人來，確知自己能力與力量，緊束其腰帶，一躍而渡。見其渡過，群人也會渡過。大王，瑜伽行者見他人之心獲得解脫遂希求預流果，或一來果，或不還果，或阿羅漢果，修持瑜伽以達未達者，得未得者，證未證者亦復如是。大王，如此，躍進是信的特相。大王，於最勝的《相應部經典》中世尊亦曾作此說：
『以信渡暴流，以不放逸渡海，以精進超越苦，以智慧而淨化。』」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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12. Vīriyalakkhaṇapañho
12. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, kiṃlakkhaṇaṃ vīriyan”ti? “Upatthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ, mahārāja, vīriyaṃ, vīriyūpatthambhitā sabbe kusalā dhammā na parihāyantī”ti.
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第十一 精進的特相
國王說：「尊者龍軍，什麼是精進的特相？」
「大王，支持是精進的特相。諸善法被精進所支持者則不退減。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, puriso gehe patante aññena dārunā upatthambheyya, upatthambhitaṃ santaṃ evaṃ taṃ gehaṃ na pateyya. Evameva kho, mahārāja, upatthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, vīriyūpatthambhitā sabbe kusalā dhammā na parihāyantī”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如房屋將傾墮，若有人以木村撐持，如此支持則該屋不傾墮──大王，支持是精進的特相，諸善法被精進所支持者則不退減亦復如是。」
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“Bhiyyo opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, parittakaṃ senaṃ mahatī senā bhañjeyya, tato rājā aññamaññaṃ anussāreyya anupeseyya attano parittakāya senāya balaṃ anupadaṃ dadeyya, tāya saddhiṃ parittakā senā mahatiṃ senaṃ bhañjeyya. Evameva kho, mahārāja, upatthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, vīriyūpatthambhitā sabbe kusalā dhammā na parihāyanti. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā – ‘vīriyavā kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāveti. Sāvajjaṃ pajahati, anavajjaṃ bhāveti. Suddhamattānaṃ pariharatī’”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Vīriyalakkhaṇapañho dvādasamo.
☸.....................................................................
「請再給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如大軍擊破小軍，（小軍的）國王會聚合（其他的）軍旅一同擊破大軍──大王，支持是精進的特相。諸善法被精進所支持者則不退減亦復如是。大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，具精進的聖弟子捨棄不善修善，捨棄有過修無過；他保護已得淨化的自己。』」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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13. Satilakkhaṇapañho
13. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, kiṃlakkhaṇā satī”ti? “Apilāpanalakkhaṇā, mahārāja, sati, upaggaṇhanalakkhaṇā cā”ti. “Kathaṃ, bhante, apilāpanalakkhaṇā satī”ti? “Sati, mahārāja, uppajjamānā kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjahīnappaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgadhamme apilāpeti ‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, ime cattāro sammappadhānā, ime cattāro iddhipādā, imāni pañcindriyāni, imāni pañca balāni, ime satta bojjhaṅgā, ayaṃ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, ayaṃ samatho, ayaṃ vipassanā, ayaṃ vijjā, ayaṃ vimuttī’ti. Tato yogāvacaro sevitabbe dhamme sevati, asevitabbe dhamme na sevati. Bhajitabbe dhamme bhajati abhajittabbe dhamme na bhajati. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, apilāpanalakkhaṇā satī”ti.
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第十二 念的特相
「尊者龍軍，什麼是念的特相？」
「大王，持續是念的特相，執持是念的特相。」
「請給一譬喻」
「尊者，如何持續是念的特相？」
「大王，當念起時於善不善、有過無過、尊卑、黑白或黑白均等的諸法皆不動搖，只想：此是四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七菩提分、八聖道分、此是止，此是觀，此是智慧，此是解脫。於是瑜伽行者修應修之法，不修不應修之法；親近應親近之法，不親近不應親近之法。如此，大王，持續是念的特相。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, rañño cakkavattissa bhaṇḍāgāriko rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ sāyaṃ pātaṃ yasaṃ sarāpeti ‘ettakā, deva, te hatthī, ettakā assā, ettakā rathā, ettakā pattī, ettakaṃ hiraññaṃ, ettakaṃ suvaṇṇaṃ, ettakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ, taṃ devo saratū’ti rañño sāpateyyaṃ apilāpeti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, sati uppajjamānā kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjahīnappaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgadhamme apilāpeti ‘ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, ime cattāro sammappadhānā, ime cattāro iddhipādā, imāni pañcindriyāni, imāni pañca balāni, ime satta bojjhaṅgā, ayaṃ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, ayaṃ samatho, ayaṃ vipassanā, ayaṃ vijjā, ayaṃ vimuttī’ti. Tato yogāvacaro sevitabbe dhamme sevati, asevitabbe dhamme na sevati. Bhajitabbe dhamme bhajati, abhajitabbe dhamme na bhajati. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, apilāpanalakkhaṇā satī”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如轉輪王之守藏官早晚提醒轉輪王之光榮而說：」陛下，你的象若干，馬若干，車若干，步兵若干，生金若干，熟金若干，錢財若干，請陛下記住。「──於王之財富他持續念之。大王，當念起時於善不善、有過無過、尊卑、黑白或黑白均等的諸法皆不動搖……不親近不應親近之法亦復如是。如此，大王，持續是念的特相。」
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“Kathaṃ, bhante, upaggaṇhanalakkhaṇā satī”ti? “Sati, mahārāja, uppajjamānā hitāhitānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanveti ‘ime dhammā hitā, ime dhammā ahitā. Ime dhammā upakārā, ime dhammā anupakārā’ti. Tato yogāvacaro ahite dhamme apanudeti, hite dhamme upaggaṇhāti. Anupakāre dhamme apanudeti, upakāre dhamme upaggaṇhāti. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, upaggaṇhanalakkhaṇā satī”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「尊者，如何執持是念的特相？」
「大王，當念起時他搜求饒益法與非饒益法之趨向並作思惟：『此法有益，此法無益；此法有助，此法無助。』於是瑜伽行者棄無益法，取有益法；棄無助法，取有助法。大王，如此，執持是念的特相。「
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, rañño cakkavattissa pariṇāyakaratanaṃ rañño hitāhite jānāti ‘ime rañño hitā, ime ahitā. Ime upakārā, ime anupakārā’ti. Tato ahite apanudeti, hite upaggaṇhāti. Anupakāre apanudeti, upakāre upaggaṇhāti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, sati uppajjamānā hitāhitānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanveti ‘ime dhammā hitā, ime dhammā ahitā. Ime dhammā upakārā, ime dhammā anupakārā’ti. Tato yogāvacaro ahite dhamme apanudeti, hite dhamme upaggaṇhā’ti. Anupakāre dhamme apanudeti, upakāre damme upaggaṇhāti. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, upaggaṇhanalakkhaṇā sati. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā – ‘satiñca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī’”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Satilakkhaṇapañho terasamo.
☸.....................................................................
「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如轉輪王之主藏官知道於國王有益無益之事，心想：『此對國王有益，此對其無益；此有助，此無助。』大王，當念起時他搜求饒益法與非饒益法之趨向並思惟：「此法有益，此法無益；此法有助，此法無助。」於是瑜伽行者棄無益取有益，棄無助取有助亦復如是。大王，如此，執持是念的特相。大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，我說念於事事皆有益。』」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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14. Samādhipañho
14. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, kiṃlakkhaṇo samādhī”ti? “Pamukhalakkhaṇo, mahārāja, samādhi, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te samādhipamukhā honti samādhininnā samādhipoṇā samādhipabbhārā”ti.
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第十三 定的特相
「尊者龍軍，什麼是定的特相？」
「大王，上首是定的特相，所有一切善法皆以定為上首，它們趨向、歸趣及傾向於定。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, kūṭāgārassa yā yāci gopānasiyo, sabbā tā kūṭaṅgamā honti kūṭaninnā kūṭasamosaraṇā, kūṭaṃ tāsaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te samādhipamukhā honti samādhininnā samādhipoṇā samādhipabbhārāti.
☸.....................................................................
「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如尖頂之屋所有的椽木皆趨向脊頂，傾向之，會合之及宣佈脊頂是他們的首領，大王，所有一切善法皆以定為上首，他們趨向，歸趣及傾向於定亦復如是。」
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“Bhiyyo opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, koci rājā caturaṅginiyā senāya saddhiṃ saṅgāmaṃ otareyya, sabbāva senā hatthī ca assā ca rathā ca pattī ca tappamukhā [tampamukhā (syā. ka.)] bhaveyyuṃ tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā taṃ yeva anupariyāyeyyuṃ. Evameva kho, mahārāja, ye keci kusalā dhammā, sabbe te samādhipamukhā honti samādhininnā samādhipoṇā samādhipabbhārā. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, pamukhalakkhaṇo samādhi. Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā – “samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha, samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Samādhipañho cuddasamo.
☸.....................................................................
「請再給一譬喻。」
「大王，譬如國王偕其四種軍赴戰場，全軍之象兵，馬兵，車兵，步兵皆趨向、歸趣、及傾向於王，彼應是他們的元首，四周環繞著彼。大王，所有一切善法皆以定為上首，彼們趣向，傾向於定亦復如是。大王，如此，上首是定的特相。大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，你們習定，既專注則如實知。』」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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15. Paññālakkhaṇapañho
15. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, kiṃlakkhaṇā paññā”ti? “Pubbeva kho, mahārāja, mayā vuttaṃ ‘chedanalakkhaṇā paññā’ti, api ca obhāsanalakkhaṇā paññā”ti. “Kathaṃ, bhante, obhāsanalakkhaṇā paññā”ti? “Paññā, mahārāja, uppajjamānā avijjandhakāraṃ vidhameti, vijjobhāsaṃ janeti, ñāṇālokaṃ vidaṃseti, ariyasaccāni pākaṭāni karoti. Tato yogāvacaro ‘aniccan’ti vā ‘dukkhan’ti vā ‘anattā’ti vā sammappaññāya passatī”ti.
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第十四 智慧的特相
國王說：「尊者龍軍，什麼是智慧的特相？」
「大王，我早先曾說截斷是智慧的特相，但照耀也是智慧的特相。」
「尊者，如何照耀是智慧的特相？」
「大王，當智慧生起時他破除無明的黑暗，產生明（知識）的光輝，出現智慧之光及彰顯聖諦。於是瑜伽行者以正智見無常，苦、無我。」
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“Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, puriso andhakāre gehe padīpaṃ paveseyya, paviṭṭho padīpo andhakāraṃ vidhameti, obhāsaṃ janeti, ālokaṃ vidaṃseti, rūpāni pākaṭāni karoti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, paññā uppajjamānā avijjandhakāraṃ vidhameti, vijjobhāsaṃ janeti, ñāṇālokaṃ vidaṃseti, ariyasaccāni pākaṭāni karoti. Tato yogāvacaro ‘aniccan’ti vā ‘dukkhan’ti vā ‘anattā’ti vā sammappaññāya passati. Evaṃ kho, mahārāja, obhāsanalakkhaṇā paññā”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Paññālakkhaṇapañho pannarasamo.
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「請給一譬喻。」
「大王，苦人攜燈入黑暗之家，既入內，燈破除黑暗，產生光輝，出現光明，顯示形色──大王，當智慧生起時他破除無明的黑暗，產生明（知識）的光輝，出現智慧之光及彰顯聖諦。於是瑜伽行者以正智見無常，苦，無我亦復如是。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」
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16. Nānādhammānaṃ ekakiccaabhinipphādanapañho
16. Rājā āha “bhante nāgasena, ime dhammā nānā santā ekaṃ atthaṃ abhinipphādentī”ti? “Āma, mahārāja, ime dhammā nānā santā ekaṃ atthaṃ abhinipphādenti, kilese hanantī”ti.
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第十五 諸法成就同一目的
國王說：「尊者龍軍，這些法雖然不同，是否它們成就同一目的？」
「大王，是。此諸法雖然不同，但它們成就同一目的，即斷除煩惱。」
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“Kathaṃ, bhante, ime dhammā nānā santā ekaṃ atthaṃ abhinipphādenti, kilese hananti? Opammaṃ karohī”ti. “Yathā, mahārāja, senā nānā santā hatthī ca assā ca rathā ca pattī ca ekaṃ atthaṃ abhinipphādenti, saṅgāme parasenaṃ abhivijinanti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, ime dhammā nānā santā ekaṃ atthaṃ abhinipphādenti, kilese hanantī”ti.
“Kallosi, bhante nāgasenā”ti.
Nānādhammānaṃ ekakiccaabhinipphādanapañho soḷasamo.
Mahāvaggo paṭhamo.
Imasmiṃ vagge soḷasa pañhā.
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「尊者，如何諸法雖然不同，但它們成就同一目的，即斷除煩惱？」
「大王，譬如軍隊雖然不同如象軍、馬軍、車軍、步軍，但成就同一目的：在戰場上他們戰勝敵軍──大王，諸法雖然不同，但他們成就同一目的，即斷除煩惱亦復如是。」
「尊者龍軍，你甚敏捷。」