미란왕문경彌蘭王問經 3.4
3.4 Sabbaññutañāṇavagga 全知品
1. Iddhikammavipākapañho
1. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ iddhimantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahāmoggallāno’ti. Puna ca kira so laguḷehi paripothito bhinnasīso sañcuṇṇitaṭṭhimaṃsadhamanichinnaparigatto parinibbuto [dhamanimajjaparikatto (sī. pī.), dhammanimiñjaparigatto (syā.)]. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, thero mahāmoggallāno iddhiyā koṭiṃ gato, tena hi laguḷehi pothito parinibbutoti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi laguḷehi paripothito parinibbuto, tena hi iddhiyā koṭiṃ gatoti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Kiṃ na samattho iddhiyā attano upaghātaṃ apanayituṃ, sadevakassapi lokassa paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavituṃ arahoti? Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第四品
第一 目犍連之死
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，於我之比丘弟子中具足神通者即此大目犍連為第一。』但另方面據說他遭棍棒打擊，頭被擊破，骨被粉碎，肉與筋被搗碎及裂破而入涅槃。尊者龍軍，若長老大目犍連已達到神通的極頂，如是，『遭棍棒打擊而死』之說為虛妄。若他遭棍棒打擊而死，如是，『達到神通的極頂』一語為虛妄。彼既然不能以神通逃避對自己的傷害，如何彼仍然值得為人天的依怙？此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：
‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ iddhimantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahāmoggallāno’ti.
『諸比丘，於我之比丘弟子中具足神通者即此大目犍連為第一。』
Āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno laguḷahato parinibbuto, tañca pana kammādhiggahitenā”ti.
同時長老目犍連遭棍棒殺害而般涅槃，但那是由於已被業（報）所超越。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Nanu, bhante nāgasena, iddhimato iddhivisayopi kammavipākopi dve acintiyā, acintiyena acintiyaṃ apanayitabbaṃ. Yathā nāma, bhante, keci phalakāmā kapitthena kapitthaṃ pothenti, ambena ambaṃ pothenti, evameva kho, bhante nāgasena, acintiyena acintiyaṃ pothayitvā apanetabban”ti?
「尊者龍軍，對於具足神通者是否有兩種不可思議，一為神通的範圍，一為業的成熟？能否以一種不可思議去取消另一不可思議？尊者，譬如有人欲求果子，他們以木蘋果擊落木蘋果，或以芒果擊落芒果，尊者龍軍，若一種不可思議擊落了另一不可思議，那能否取消亦復如是？」
“Acintiyānampi, mahārāja, ekaṃ adhimattaṃ balavataraṃ, yathā, mahārāja, mahiyā rājāno honti samajaccā, samajaccānampi tesaṃ eko sabbe abhibhavitvā āṇaṃ pavatteti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, tesaṃ acintiyānaṃ kammavipākaṃ yeva adhimattaṃ balavataraṃ, kammavipākaṃ yeva sabbe abhibhaviya āṇaṃ pavatteti, kammādhiggahitassa avasesā kiriyā okāsaṃ na labhanti.
「大王，於此不可思議中，其一非常猛烈及更強大。大王，譬如地上的國王是同一等級，但現若同一等級中之某一位制服了其它一切而使用威權，大王，於此不可思議中，業之成熟力非常猛烈及更強大。唯業之成熟能制服其他一切而使用威權，其餘被業所把持的行動不得機會亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Idha pana, mahārāja, koci puriso kismiñcideva pakaraṇe aparajjhati, na tassa mātā vā pitā vā bhaginī vā bhātaro vā sakhī vā sahāyakā vā [bhaginibhātaro vā sakhisahāyakā vā (sī. pī. ka.)] tāyanti, atha kho rājā yeva tattha abhibhaviya āṇaṃ pavatteti. Kiṃ tattha kāraṇaṃ?
大王，於此若有人犯罪，非其母或父，或其姊妹，或其兄弟，或其朋友，或其同事能作救護；於彼唯有國王制服其它（一切）而用威權。何以故？
Aparādhikatā.
因他犯罪故。
Evameva kho, mahārāja, tesaṃ acintiyānaṃ kammavipākaṃ yeva adhimattaṃ balavataraṃ, kammavipākaṃ yeva sabbe abhibhaviya āṇaṃ pavatteti, kammādhiggahitassa avasesā kiriyā okāsaṃ na labhanti.
大王，於此不可思議中，業之成熟力非常猛烈及更強大。唯業之成熟力制服其它一切而用威權，其餘已被業（報）所超越的行動不得機會亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, mahiyā davaḍāhe samuṭṭhite ghaṭasahassampi udakaṃ na sakkoti nibbāpetuṃ, atha kho aggi yeva tattha abhibhaviya āṇaṃ pavatteti.
大王，又如地上野火發生，即使用千缸水也不能撲滅，於彼唯有火之凌駕而用威權。
Kiṃ tattha kāraṇaṃ?
何以故？
Balavatā tejassa.
因其熱之威力故。
Evameva kho, mahārāja, tesaṃ acintiyānaṃ kammavipākaṃ yeva adhimattaṃ balavataraṃ,
大王，於此不可思議中，業之成熟力非常猛烈及更強大。
kammavipākaṃ yeva sabbe abhibhaviya āṇaṃ pavatteti,
唯業之成熟，制服其它一切而用威權，
kammādhiggahitassa avasesā kiriyā okāsaṃ na labhanti,
其餘已被業（報）所超越的行動不得機會，亦復如是。
tasmā, mahārāja, āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa kammādhiggahitassa laguḷehi pothiyamānassa iddhiyā samannāhāro nāhosī”ti.
大王，因此當長老大目犍連已被業（報）所超越之時，彼遭棍棒打死，不獲專注於神通。」
“Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」
Iddhikammavipākapañho paṭhamo.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Dhammavinayapaṭicchannāpaṭicchannapañho
2. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘tathāgatappavedito, bhikkhave, dhammavinayo vivaṭo virocati no paṭicchanno’ti. Puna ca pātimokkhuddeso kevalañca vinayapiṭakaṃ pihitaṃ paṭicchannaṃ. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, jinasāsane yuttaṃ vā pattaṃ vā samayaṃ labhetha, vinayapaṇṇatti vivaṭā sobheyya. Kena kāraṇena?
第二 法與律之隱顯
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，如來所宣示的法與律，當顯露時則照耀，隱覆時則否。』但另方面，《波羅提木叉》及全部律藏的諷誦是不公開及隱覆。尊者龍軍，若你於勝者之教言獲得適應，或證取，或機會，則律之宣演會照耀而顯露。何以故？
Kevalaṃ tattha sikkhā saṃyamo niyamo sīlaguṇaācārapaṇṇatti attharaso dhammaraso vimuttiraso.
因於此之全部，如自制，抑制，戒德，正行之制定，義味，法味，解脫味皆修學之。
Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘tathāgatappavedito, bhikkhave, dhammavinayo vivaṭo virocati no paṭicchanno’ti, tena hi ‘pātimokkhuddeso kevalañca vinayapiṭakaṃ pihitaṃ paṭicchannan’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi pātimokkhuddeso kevalañca vinayapiṭakaṃ pihitaṃ paṭicchannaṃ, tena hi ‘tathāgatappavedito, bhikkhave, dhammavinayo vivaṭo virocati no paṭicchanno’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『諸比丘，如來所宣示的法與律，當顯露時則照耀，隱覆時則否。』如是，『《波羅提木叉》及全部律藏的諷誦是不公開及隱覆』一語為虛妄。若《波羅提木叉》及全部律藏的諷誦是不公開及隱覆，如是，『諸比丘，如來所宣示的法與律，當顯露時則照耀，隱覆時則否』一語為虛妄。此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘tathāgatappavedito, bhikkhave, dhammavinayo vivaṭo virocati no paṭicchanno’ti. Puna ca pātimokkhuddeso kevalañca vinayapiṭakaṃ pihitaṃ paṭicchannaṃ, tañca pana na sabbesaṃ, sīmaṃ katvā pihitaṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，如來所宣示的法與律當顯露時則照耀，隱覆時則否。』
另一方面，《波羅提木叉》及全部律藏的諷誦是不公開及隱覆。但此非對一切人說，既結界則秘匿。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Tividhena, mahārāja, bhagavatā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito, pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ vaṃsavasena pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito, dhammassa garukattā pihito, bhikkhubhūmiyā garukattā pihito.
☸.....................................................................
大王，於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》。
有三種為世尊所秘匿：依照往昔諸如來的習慣則秘匿；對法尊重則秘匿；對比丘地尊重則秘匿。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Kathaṃ pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ vaṃsavasena pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito, eso vaṃso, mahārāja, sabbesaṃ pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ yadidaṃ bhikkhumajjhe pātimokkhuddeso avasesānaṃ pihito.
「如何為依照往昔諸如來的習慣於結界後諷誦《戒經》則秘匿？大王，此為往昔諸如來的習慣，即在比丘眾中諷誦《波羅提木叉》，而對其餘的人則秘匿。
Yathā, mahārāja, khattiyānaṃ khattiyamāyā khattiyesu yeva carati, evametaṃ khattiyānaṃ lokassa paveṇī avasesānaṃ pihitā. Evameva kho, mahārāja, eso vaṃso sabbesaṃ pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ yadidaṃ bhikkhumajjhe pātimokkhuddeso avasesānaṃ pihito.
☸.....................................................................
大王，譬如剎帝利的密咒只為剎帝利及流行於剎帝利中──此為世間剎帝利的傳承，對其餘的人則秘匿。
大王，此為往昔諸如來的習慣，即在比丘眾中諷誦《波羅提木叉》，對其餘的人則秘匿亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, mahiyā gaṇā vattanti, seyyathidaṃ, mallā atoṇā pabbatā dhammagiriyā brahmagiriyā naṭakā naccakā laṅghakā pisācā maṇibhaddā puṇṇabaddhā candimasūriyā siridevatā kālidevatā, sivā vasudevā ghanikā asipāsā bhaddiputtāti, tesaṃ tesaṃ rahassaṃ tesu tesu gaṇesu yeva carati, avasesānaṃ pihitaṃ. Evameva kho, mahārāja, eso vaṃso sabbesaṃ pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ yadidaṃ bhikkhumajjhe pātimokkhuddeso avasesānaṃ pihito. Evaṃ pubbakānaṃ tathāgatānaṃ vaṃsavasena pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito.
☸.....................................................................
大王，世間行業各類，諸如：角力者、變戲法者、軟工戲法者、法山演員、婆羅門演員、跳舞者、演戲者、翻觔斗者、拳術家、敬摩尼賢人者、敬圓滿賢人者、敬月神者、敬日神者、敬吉祥神者、敬伽裡女神者、敬濕婆神者、敬婆藪神者、敬云神者、吞刀者、敬賢人者──每一行業的秘密只流傳於本行業中，對其餘的人則秘匿。大王，此為往昔諸如來的習慣，即在比丘眾中諷誦《波羅提木叉》，對其餘的人則秘匿亦復如是。此為依照往昔諸如來的習慣，於結界後諷誦《戒經》則秘匿。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Kathaṃ dhammassa garukattā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito? Dhammo, mahārāja, garuko bhāriyo, tattha sammattakārī aññaṃ ārādheti, taṃ tattha paramparāsammattakāritāya pāpuṇāti, na taṃ tattha paramparāsammattakāritāya pāpuṇāti, mā cāyaṃ sāradhammo varadhammo asammattakārīnaṃ hatthagato oññāto avaññāto hīḷito khīḷito garahito bhavatu, mā cāyaṃ sāradhammo varadhammo dujjanagato oññāto avaññāto hīḷito khīḷito garahito bhavatūti. Evaṃ dhammassa garukattā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito.
☸.....................................................................
「如何為對法尊重於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》則秘匿？大王，法甚尊嚴與重要。於此正行者獲得智慧，無論彼以正行繼續得之，或以非正行繼續得之，皆作想念：『不應讓此真實之法、最勝之法落於非正行者之手，而使遭受輕視、侮蔑、輕賤、責備、呵斥；也不應讓此真實之法、最勝之法落於惡人之手，而使遭輕視、侮蔑、輕賤、責備、呵斥。』如此為對法尊重，於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》則秘匿。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā, mahārāja, sāravarapavaraabhijātajātimantarattalohitacandanaṃ nāma savarapuramanugataṃ oññātaṃ avaññātaṃ hīḷitaṃ khīḷitaṃ garahitaṃ bhavati, evameva kho, mahārāja, mā cāyaṃ sāradhammo varadhammo paramparāasammattakārīnaṃ hatthagato oññāto avaññāto hīḷito khīḷito garahito bhavatu, mā cāyaṃ sāradhammo varadhammo dujjanagato oññāto avaññāto hīḷito khīḷito garahito bhavatūti. Evaṃ dhammassa garukattā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito.
☸.....................................................................
大王，譬如真正最勝、極勝、名產、特產赤旃檀木入於薩瓦羅城，則遭輕視、侮蔑、輕賤、責備、呵斥，大王，若人心念：『不應讓此真實之法、最勝之法，繼續落於非正行者之手，使遭受輕視、侮蔑、輕賤、責備、呵斥，也不應讓此真實之法、最勝之法落於惡人之手，而使遭受輕視、侮蔑、輕賤、責備、呵斥』亦復如是。如此為對法尊重，於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》則秘匿。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Kathaṃ bhikkhubhūmiyā garukattā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito, bhikkhubhāvo kho, mahārāja, loke atuliyo appamāṇo anagghiyo, na sakkā kenaci agghāpetuṃ tuletuṃ parimetuṃ, māyaṃ evarūpe bhikkhubhāve ṭhito lokena samasamo bhavatūti bhikkhūnaṃ yeva antare pātimokkhuddeso carati. Yathā, mahārāja, loke varapavarabhaṇḍaṃ vatthaṃ vā attharaṇaṃ vā gajaturaṅgarathasuvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttāitthiratanādīni vā vijitakammasūrā vā [nijjitakammasūrā vā (sī. pī.)] sabbe te rājānamupagacchanti, evameva kho, mahārāja, yāvatā loke [loke sikkhā (sī. pī.)] sugatāgamapariyattiācārasaṃyamasīlasaṃvaraguṇā, sabbe te bhikkhusaṅghamupagatā bhavanti. Evaṃ bhikkhubhūmiyā garukattā pātimokkhuddeso sīmaṃ katvā pihito”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampiṭicchāmī”ti.
Dhammavinayapaṭicchannāpaṭicchannapañho dutiyo.
☸.....................................................................
如何為對比丘尊重，於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》則秘匿？大王，比丘地位不可秤、不可量、無價亦無人能估計、秤量及衡量，若心念：『莫使此住於如是比丘地位者與世間（俗人）等同。』因而只在比丘眾中諷誦《波羅提木叉》。大王，譬如世間最勝、極勝物品，如紈服、絨毯、或象、駿馬、車乘、金、銀、摩尼、珍珠、女寶等，或功績無比的勇士，一切皆歸屬於國王。大王，當世間尚有善逝之傳承、經典、自制、正行、善戒等律儀之德的修學，這一切皆歸屬於比丘僧伽亦復如是。如此為對比丘尊重，於結界後諷誦《波羅提木叉》則秘匿。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Musāvādagarulahubhāvapañho
3. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘sampajānamusāvāde pārājiko hotī’ti. Puna ca bhaṇitaṃ ‘sampajānamusāvāde lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati ekassa santike desanāvatthukan’ti. Bhante nāgasena, ko panettha viseso, kiṃ kāraṇaṃ, yañcekena musāvādena ucchijjati, yañcekena musāvādena satekiccho hoti?
第三 知而妄語
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『若知而妄語犯波羅夷。』另方面他又說：『若知而妄語者犯輕罪，應在一（僧）跟前告白。』尊者龍軍，於此有何區別？
何以故，一種妄語（比丘）遭破滅，一種妄語則獲得寬恕？
Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘sampajānamusāvāde pārājiko hotī’ti, tena hi ‘sampajānamusāvāde lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati ekassa santike desanāvatthukan’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi tathāgatena bhaṇitaṃ ‘sampajānamusāvāde lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati ekassa santike desanāvatthukan’ti, tena hi ‘sampajānamusāvāde pārājiko hotī’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『若知而妄語犯波羅夷。』如是，『若知而妄語者犯輕罪，應在一僧跟前告白』一語為虛妄。若如來曾說：『若知而妄語者犯輕罪，應在一僧面前告白。』如是，『若知而妄語犯波羅夷』一語實為虛妄。此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘sampajānamusāvāde pārājiko hotī’ti. Bhaṇitañca ‘sampajānamusāvāde lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati ekassa santike desanāvatthukan’ti, tañca pana vatthuvasena garukalahukaṃ hoti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha koci puriso parassa pāṇinā pahāraṃ dadeyya, tassa tumhe kiṃ daṇḍaṃ dhārethā”ti? “Yadi so, bhante, āha ‘nakkhamāmī’ti, tassa mayaṃ akkhamamāne kahāpaṇaṃ harāpemā”ti “idha pana, mahārāja, so yeva puriso tava pāṇinā pahāraṃ dadeyya, tassa pana ko daṇḍo”ti? “Hatthampissa, bhante, chedāpeyyāma, pādampi chedāpeyyāma, yāva sīsaṃ kaḷīracchejjaṃ chedāpeyyāma, sabbampi taṃ gehaṃ vilumpāpeyyāma, ubhatopakkhe [ubhatopasse (sī. pī. ka.)] yāva sattamaṃ kulaṃ samugghātāpeyyāmā”ti. “Ko panettha, mahārāja, viseso, kiṃ kāraṇaṃ, yaṃ ekassa pāṇippahāre sukhumo kahāpaṇo daṇḍo, yaṃ tava pāṇippahāre hatthacchejjaṃ pādacchejjaṃ yāva kaḷīracchejjaṃ sabbagehādānaṃ ubhatopakkhe yāva sattamakulā samugghāto”ti? “Manussantarena, bhante”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, sampajānamusāvādo vatthuvasena garukalahuko hotī”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Musāvādagarulahubhāvapañho tatiyo.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『若知而妄語犯波羅夷。』但亦曾說：『若知而妄語者犯輕罪，應再一僧跟前告白。』
妄語之輕重將依實情（獲罪）。大王，於此意以為何？今有一人以手打人，你將對彼行何種懲罰？」
「尊者，若他（被害者）說：『我不寬恕他。』我們不寬恕，罰他一文錢。」
「但大王，若那人用手打你，他的刑罰將是什麼？」
「尊者，我們將截其手，截其足，又削其頭頂，我們將剝奪他家中一切及根絕其父母兩系的親屬至於七代。」
「大王，此中的區別是什麼？為何以手擊人的罰金只有輕微一文錢，當他擊大王你則被截手截足，被削頭頂，
被剝奪家中所有，被根絕父母兩系至於七代？」
「尊者，因人而異。」
「大王，知而妄語或輕或重將依實情而獲罪亦復如是。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Bodhisattadhammatāpañho
4. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā dhammatādhammapariyāye ‘pubbeva bodhisattānaṃ mātāpitaro niyatā honti, bodhi niyatā hoti, aggasāvakā niyatā honti, putto niyato hoti, upaṭṭhāko niyato hotī’ti. Puna ca tumhe bhaṇatha ‘tusite kāye ṭhito bodhisatto aṭṭha mahāvilokanāni viloketi, kālaṃ viloketi, dīpaṃ viloketi, desaṃ viloketi, kulaṃ viloketi, janettiṃ viloketi, āyuṃ viloketi, māsaṃ viloketi, nekkhammaṃ viloketī’ti. Bhante nāgasena, aparipakke ñāṇe bujjhanaṃ natthi, paripakke ñāṇe na sakkā nimesantarampi āgametuṃ, anatikkamanīyaṃ paripakkamānasaṃ. Kasmā bodhisatto kālaṃ vilokehi ‘kamhi kāle uppajjāmī’ti. Aparipakke ñāṇe bujjhanaṃ natthi, paripakke ñāṇe na sakkā nimesantarampi āgametuṃ, kasmā bodhisatto kulaṃ viloketi ‘kumhi kule uppajjāmī’ti. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, pubbeva bodhisattassa mātāpitaro niyatā, tena hi ‘kulaṃ viloketī’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi kulaṃ viloketi, tena hi ‘pubbeva bodhisattassa mātāpitaro niyatā’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第四 八種觀察
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾於自然律之法論中作此說：『菩薩的父母皆預定，菩提樹是預定，諸大弟子是預定，兒子是預定，侍者是預定。』但你們又說：『當其住於兜率天宮時，菩薩審察了八大審察：他審察時間、審察洲島、審察國土、審察家庭、審察母親、審察壽算、審察月份、審察出世時間。』尊者龍軍，當智慧未成熟時，無有覺悟；當智慧成熟則不能等候一轉瞬之間；成熟的心念不可拖延。如何菩薩審察時間，想到：『我將何時出生？』當智慧未成熟時尚無有覺悟；當智慧既成熟則已不能等候一轉瞬間；如何菩薩能審察家庭，想到：『我將生於何家？』尊者龍軍，若菩薩的父母皆預定，如是，『審察家庭』一語則為虛妄。若他審察家庭，如是，『菩薩的父母皆預定』一語即為虛妄。此也為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Niyatā, mahārāja, pubbeva bodhisattassa mātāpitaro, kulañca bodhisatto viloketi. Kinti pana kulaṃ viloketi ‘ye me mātāpitaro, te khattiyā udāhu brāhmaṇā’ti. Evaṃ kulaṃ viloketi.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，菩薩的父母皆預定，菩薩也審察家庭。但他如何審察家庭？
『那些作我之父母者是剎帝利或婆羅門？』此為審察家庭；
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Aṭṭhannaṃ, mahārāja, pubbeva anāgataṃ oloketabbaṃ hoti. Katamesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ? Vāṇijassa, mahārāja, pubbeva vikkayabhaṇḍaṃ oloketabbaṃ hoti, hatthināgassa pubbeva soṇḍāya anāgato maggo oloketabbo hoti, sākaṭikassa pubbeva anāgataṃ titthaṃ oloketabbaṃ hoti, niyāmakassa pubbeva anāgataṃ tīraṃ oloketvā nāvā pesetabbā hoti, bhisakkassa pubbeva āyuṃ oloketvā āturo upasaṅkamitabbo hoti, uttarasetussa pubbeva thirāthirabhāvaṃ jānitvā abhiruhitabbaṃ hoti, bhikkhussa pubbeva anāgataṃ kālaṃ paccavekkhitvā bhojanaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ hoti, bodhisattānaṃ pubbeva kulaṃ oloketabbaṃ hoti ‘khattiyakulaṃ vā brāhmaṇakulaṃ vā’ti. Imesaṃ kho, mahārāja, aṭṭhannaṃ pubbeva anāgataṃ oloketabbaṃ hotī”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Bodhisattadhammatāpañho catuttho.
☸.....................................................................
大王，有八種未來事項應預先審察。何者為八？大王，商人應預先審察出售的貨品；大象應預先以鼻審察未知的道路；車伕應預審察未知的河津；船師應預先審察未知的海港後始可引船（入港）；醫師往視病人之前應審察其年紀；渡橋者應預審察橋的強弱後始登其上；比丘應先審察思惟時辰後始進食；菩薩應預先審察家庭是剎帝利家或是婆羅門家。大王，此為應預先審察的八種未來事項。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Attanipātanapañho
5. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘na, bhikkhave, attānaṃ pātetabbaṃ, yo pāteyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’ti. Puna ca tumhe bhaṇatha ‘yattha katthaci bhagavā sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desayamāno anekapariyāyena jātiyā jarāya byādhino maraṇassa samucchedāya dhammaṃ deseti, yo hi koci jātijarābyādhimaraṇaṃ samatikkamati, taṃ paramāya pasaṃsāya pasaṃsatī’ti. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘na, bhikkhave, attānaṃ pātetabbaṃ, yo pāteyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’ti, tena hi ‘jātiyā jarāya byādhino maraṇassa samucchedāya dhammaṃ desetī’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi jātiyā jarāya byādhino maraṇassa samucchedāya dhammaṃ deseti, tena hi ‘na, bhikkhave, attānaṃ pātetabbaṃ, yo pāteyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo”ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第五 自殺
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，不應投岩自殺。若投岩自殺者依法辦理。』但你們又說：『世尊無論何時為弟子說法，他以多種教誨說法為斷生老病死。若有人超越生老病死，他稱以最高的讚歎。』尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『諸比丘，不應投岩自殺。若投岩自殺者依法辦理。」如是，『說法為斷生老病死』一語為虛妄。若說法為斷生老病死，如是，『諸比丘，不應投岩自殺。若投岩自殺者依法辦理』一語為虛妄。這也是一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘na, bhikkhave, attānaṃ pātetabbaṃ, yo pāteyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’ti. Yattha katthaci bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desayāmānena ca anekapariyāyena jātiyā jarāya byādhino maraṇassa samucchedāya dhammo desito, tattha pana kāraṇaṃ atthi, yena bhagavā kāraṇena paṭikkhipi samādapesi cā”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『諸比丘，不應投岩自殺。若投岩自殺者依法辦理。』又無論何時世尊向弟子說法，他以多種教誨說法為斷生老病死。此處有一理由，以該理由世尊拒絕（此舉）而又鼓勵之。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Kiṃ panettha, bhante nāgasena, kāraṇaṃ, yena bhagavā kāraṇena paṭikkhipi samādapesi cā”ti?
「尊者龍軍，如何是此處理由，以該理由世尊拒絕而又鼓勵之？」
“Sīlavā, mahārāja, sīlasampanno agadasamo sattānaṃ kilesavisavināsane, osadhasamo sattānaṃ kilesabyādhivūpasame, udakasamo sattānaṃ kilesarajojallāpaharaṇe, maṇiratanasamo sattānaṃ sabbasampattidāne, nāvāsamo sattānaṃ caturoghapāragamane, satthavāhasamo sattānaṃ jātikantāratāraṇe, vātasamo sattānaṃ tividhaggisantāpanibbāpane, mahāmeghasamo sattānaṃ mānasaparipūraṇe, ācariyasamo sattānaṃ kusalasikkhāpane, sudesakasamo sattānaṃ khemapathamācikkhaṇe.
「大王，具足戒行之持戒者有如阿伽陀消滅眾生的煩惱毒。其如藥膏減輕眾生的煩惱病，其如水洗滌眾生的煩惱垢，其如摩尼寶珠給眾生一切成就，其如船舫令眾生超渡四種漏，其如商主導此眾生出離轉生的沙漠，其如大風熄滅眾生熾熱的三毒火，其如大云（蔽陽降雨）使眾生滿意，其如阿闍黎令眾生修學眾善，其如良導師指示眾生以安全道路。
Evarūpo, mahārāja, bahuguṇo anekaguṇo appamāṇaguṇo guṇarāsi guṇapuñjo sattānaṃ vaḍḍhikaro sīlavā ‘mā vinassī’ti sattānaṃ anukampāya bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesi ‘na, bhikkhave, attānaṃ pātetabbaṃ, yo pāteyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo’ti.
大王，為如是善持戒者具眾多德性，種種德性，不可量德性，大堆德性，堆積德性，能予眾生饒益，不使毀滅，大王，世尊出於悲憫眾生制定學處而說：『諸比丘，不應投岩自殺。若投岩自殺者依法辦理。』
Idamettha, mahārāja, kāraṇaṃ, yena kāraṇena bhagavā paṭikkhipi.
大王，此即是如何世尊拒絕（自殺）的理由。」
Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, therena kumārakassapena vicitrakathikena pāyāsirājaññassa paralokaṃ dīpayamānena ‘yathā yathā kho rājañña samaṇabrāhmaṇā sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭhanti, tathā tathā bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti, bahujanahitāya ca paṭipajjanti bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.
☸.....................................................................
「復次大王，此亦為有辯才的長老童子迦葉向巴雅西長者闡述另一世界時所說：『長者，沙門婆羅門尚需長時間確立戒律及善法，長者，彼等仍在奔走──為饒益眾多人民，為使得妙樂，為悲憫世間，為人天利益、饒益與幸福。』
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Kena pana kāraṇena bhagavā samādapesi? Jātipi, mahārāja, dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, byādhipi dukkho, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokopi dukkho, paridevopi dukkho, dukkhampi dukkhaṃ, domanassampi dukkhaṃ, upāyāsopi dukkho, appiyehi sampayogopi dukkho, piyehi vippayogopi dukkho, mātumaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, pitumaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, bhātumaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, bhaginimaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, puttamaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, dāramaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, dāsamaraṇampi dukkhaṃ [idaṃ vākyaṃ sī. pī. potthakesu natthi], ñātimaraṇampi dukkhaṃ, ñātibyasanampi dukkhaṃ, rogabyasanampi dukkhaṃ, bhogabyasanampi dukkhaṃ, sīlabyasanampi dukkhaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanampi dukkhaṃ, rājabhayampi dukkhaṃ, corabhayampi dukkhaṃ, veribhayampi dukkhaṃ, dubbhikkhabhayampi dukkhaṃ, aggibhayampi dukkhaṃ, udakabhayampi dukkhaṃ, ūmibhayampi dukkhaṃ, āvaṭṭabhayampi dukkhaṃ, kumbhīlabhayampi dukkhaṃ, susukābhayampi dukkhaṃ, attānuvādabhayampi dukkhaṃ, parānuvādabhayampi dukkhaṃ, daṇḍabhayampi dukkhaṃ, duggatibhayampi dukkhaṃ, parisāsārajjabhayampi dukkhaṃ, ājīvakabhayampi dukkhaṃ, maraṇabhayampi dukkhaṃ, vettehi tāḷanampi dukkhaṃ, kasāhi tāḷanampi dukkhaṃ, addhadaṇḍakehi tāḷanampi dukkhaṃ, hatthacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, pādacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, hatthapādacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, kaṇṇacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, nāsacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, kaṇṇanāsacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, bilaṅgathālikampi dukkhaṃ, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi dukkhaṃ, rāhumukhampi dukkhaṃ, jotimālikampi dukkhaṃ, hatthapajjotikampi dukkhaṃ, erakavattikampi dukkhaṃ, cīrakavāsikampi dukkhaṃ, eṇeyyakampi dukkhaṃ, baḷisamaṃsikampi dukkhaṃ, kahāpaṇikampi dukkhaṃ, khārāpatacchikampi dukkhaṃ, palighaparivattikampi dukkhaṃ, palālapīṭhakampi dukkhaṃ, tattena telena osiñcanampi dukkhaṃ, sunakhehi khādāpanampi dukkhaṃ, jīvasūlāropanampi dukkhaṃ, asinā sīsacchedanampi dukkhaṃ, evarūpāni, mahārāja, bahuvidhāni anekavidhāni dukkhāni saṃsāragato anubhavati.
☸.....................................................................
但為何世尊鼓勵（此舉）？大王，生是苦，老是苦，病是苦，死是苦，憂是苦，悲是苦，苦是苦，惱是苦，失望是苦；怨憎會是苦，愛別離是苦，母死是苦，父死……兄死……姊死……妻死……親戚死是苦，親戚的不幸是苦，而健康的不幸……財富的不幸……戒律的不幸……我執的不幸是苦；國王的恐怖是苦，盜賊的恐怖是苦，怨敵的恐怖……饑饉……火……水……波濤……漩渦、小鱷魚……鱷魚的恐怖是苦，自責的恐怖是苦，他人斥責的恐怖是苦，刑罰的恐怖……惡趣的恐怖……可怕集聚的恐怖是苦，生活的恐怖是苦，死之恐怖是苦，鞭打是苦，棒打是苦，濕棍打是苦，截手……截足……截手又截足是苦，截耳……截鼻……截耳又截鼻是苦，或粥鍋（受刑者之頭頂骨被揭開後以熱鐵丸置於頭上似粥鍋）是苦，或貝殼頂（揭開頭蓋皮以沙礫摩擦使光滑似貝殼）是苦，或羅睺口（受刑者之口被鐵釘撐住，貯油其中，以燈芯點燃）是苦，或火花鬘（用被油浸透的棉紗纏手或裹身，然後以火燃燒似花鬘）是苦，或燃手（剝皮從頭至踝，又用火燃手）是苦，或曳羅迦①是苦，或樹皮衣（剝皮從頭至腰，從腰至踝肉片下垂似樹皮衣）是苦，或花斑鹿（以鐵釘釘住受刑者的雙肘雙膝伏地上狀如鹿，並以火圈繞之）是苦，或肉鉤（以兩邊鋒利的鐵鉤刺肉）是苦，或銅錢（割身上的肉如銅錢大小）是苦，或鹽裂口（全身被刀尖刺戮後以鹽及腐蝕劑涂擦之）是苦，或鐵條旋轉（以鐵條貫穿側臥在地上的受刑者雙耳並旋轉之）是苦，或草圃（鞭撻全身皮開肉綻如一團草）是苦，或傾注熱油於身上是苦，或唆犬撕咬是苦，或用刀砍頭是苦。大王，處於輪迴者感受如是如是種種痛苦。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā, mahārāja, himavantapabbate abhivuṭṭhaṃ udakaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā pāsāṇa sakkhara khara marumba āvaṭṭa gaggalaka ūmikavaṅkacadika āvaraṇanīvaraṇamūlakasākhāsu pariyottharati, evameva kho, mahārāja, evarūpāni bahuvidhāni anekavidhāni dukkhāni saṃsāragato anubhavati. Pavattaṃ, mahārāja, dukkhaṃ, appavattaṃ sukhaṃ. Appavattassa guṇaṃ pavattassa [pavatte (sī. pī. ka.)] ca bhayaṃ dīpayamāno, mahārāja, bhagavā appavattassa sacchikiriyāya jātijarābyādhimaraṇasamatikkamāya samādapesi, idamettha, mahārāja, kāraṇaṃ, yena kāraṇena bhagavā samādapesī”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, sunibbeṭhito pañho, sukathitaṃ kāraṇaṃ, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Attanipātanapañho pañcamo.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，譬如雨降在喜馬拉雅山麓時，恆河之水擴漲至於崎嶇岩石，小圓石，沙礫、漩渦、逆流、急流、樹根、樹枝、障礙與攔阻。大王，處於輪迴者感受如是如是種種痛苦亦復如是。大王，輪轉是苦，不輪轉是樂。大王，為解釋不輪轉的德性及輪轉的恐怖，並為證悟不輪轉者，世尊鼓勵（弟子）去超越生老病死。大王，此即是世尊為何鼓勵的理由。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！問題善被解決，理由善被解說，其事如是，我接受它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Mettābhāvanānisaṃsapañho
6. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘mettāya, bhikkhave, cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ekādasānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Katame ekādasa? Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatā rakkhanti, nāssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati [satthaṃ kamati (syā.) a. ni. 11.15 passitabbaṃ], tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati, mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati, asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, uttariṃ appaṭivijjhanto brahmalokūpago hotī’ti. Puna ca tumhe bhaṇatha ‘sāmo kumāro mettāvihārī migasaṅghena parivuto pavane vicaranto pīḷiyakkhena raññā viddho visapītena sallena tattheva mucchito patito’ti.
☸.....................................................................
第六 慈愛的利益
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『若人已修習，擴充，多作心解脫之慈愛，以慈愛做車乘、作基地，執行、嫻熟及善成立，由此十一種利益可以預期。何者為十一？睡眠舒適，醒悟舒適，不見惡夢，得人民敬愛，得非人敬愛，天神守護，無火、毒、刀劍能加危害，迅速專心，面容和悅，死時不迷亂，若不了達更遠，將去到梵天。』但你們又說：『薩摩童子行慈愛，當其漫遊森林為鹿群環繞時，被毗利雅卡王之毒箭射中，當時即昏暈地上。』
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘mettāya bhikkhave…pe… brahmalokūpago hotī’ti, tena hi “sāmo kumāro mettāvihārī migasaṅghena parivuto pavane vicaranto pīḷiyakkhena raññā viddho visapītena sallena tattheva mucchito patito’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā.
尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『若人已修習……心解脫之慈愛……將去到梵天。』如是『薩摩童子行慈愛，當其漫遊森林為鹿群環繞時，被毗利雅卡王之毒箭射中，當時即昏暈地上』一語為虛妄。若薩摩童子行慈愛，當其漫遊森林為鹿群環繞時，被毗利雅卡王之毒箭射中，當時即昏暈地上，如是，『若人已修習……心解脫之慈愛……將去到梵天。』一語為虛妄。
Yadi sāmo kumāro mettāvihārī migasaṅghena parivuto pavane vicaranto pīḷiyakkhena raññā viddho visapītena sallena tattheva mucchito patito, tena hi ‘mettāya, bhikkhave…pe… satthaṃ vā kamatī’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho sunipuṇo parisaṇho sukhumo gambhīro, api sunipuṇānaṃ manujānaṃ gatte sedaṃ moceyya, so tavānuppatto, vijaṭehi taṃ mahājaṭājaṭitaṃ, anāgatānaṃ jinaputtānaṃ cakkhuṃ dehi nibbāhanāyā”ti.
☸.....................................................................
此亦為一兩難問題，微妙、精微、幽玄、深奧，即使具最微妙心的人也會為之身上流汗，今向你提出，請解開此巨大難結，藉此將明眼給與未來世勝者之子。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘mettāya bhikkhave…pe... satthaṃ vā kamatī’ti. Sāmo ca kumāro mettāvihārī migasaṅghena parivuto pavane vicaranto pīḷiyakkhena raññā viddho visapītena sallena tattheva mucchito patito, tattha pana, mahārāja, kāraṇaṃ atthi. Katamaṃ tattha kāraṇaṃ?
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『若人已修習……心解脫之慈愛……將去到梵天。』及薩摩童子行慈愛，當其漫遊森林為鹿群環繞時，被毗利雅卡王之毒箭射中，當時即昏暈地上。但大王，於此有一理由。何者為此中理由？
Nete, mahārāja, guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā, sāmo, mahārāja, kumāro ghaṭaṃ ukkhipanto tasmiṃ khaṇe mettābhāvanāya pamatto ahosi.
☸.....................................................................
大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性。大王，當沙摩童子舉起水瓶之際，他疏忽了修習慈愛，大王，若人滿懷慈愛之際，無火、毒或刀劍能加危害，若有人想加害於他雖前往則不能見彼，於此人是沒有機會。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yasmiṃ, mahārāja, khaṇe puggalo mettaṃ samāpanno hoti, na tassa puggalassa tasmiṃ khaṇe aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati. Tassa ye keci ahitakāmā upagantvā taṃ na passanti, na tasmiṃ okāsaṃ labhanti. Nete, mahārāja, guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā. Idha, mahārāja, puriso saṅgāmasūro abhejjakavacajālikaṃ sannayhitvā saṅgāmaṃ otareyya, tassa sarā khittā upagantvā patanti vikiranti, na tasmiṃ okāsaṃ labhanti, neso, mahārāja, guṇo saṅgāmasūrassa, abhejjakavacajālikāyeso guṇo, yassa sarā khittā upagantvā patanti vikiranti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, nete guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā.
☸.....................................................................
大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性。大王，譬如有人使勇士披掛不可刺破的甲冑臨陣，凡射向他的箭皆落地而分散，於此人是沒有機會。大王，若射向他的箭皆落地而分散，此非勇士的德性，而是那不可刺破的甲冑的德性。大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性。大王，若人滿懷慈愛之際，無火、毒或刀劍能加危害。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yasmiṃ, mahārāja, khaṇe puggalo mettaṃ samāpanno hoti, na tassa puggalassa tasmiṃ khaṇe aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati. Tassa ye keci ahitakāmā upagantvā taṃ na passanti, tasmiṃ okāsaṃ na labhanti, nete, mahārāja, guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā. Idha pana, mahārāja, puriso dibbaṃ antaradhānaṃ mūlaṃ hatthe kareyya, yāva taṃ mūlaṃ tassa hatthagataṃ hoti, tāva na añño koci pakatimanusso taṃ purisaṃ passati. Neso, mahārāja, guṇo purisassa, mūlasseso guṇo antaradhānassa, yaṃ so pakatimanussānaṃ cakkhupathe na dissati. Evameva kho, mahārāja, nete guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā.
☸.....................................................................
若有人想加害於他雖前往則不能見彼，於此人是沒有機會。大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性亦復如是。
「復次大王，譬如有人手持天上隱身樹根，當樹根在手，凡夫無人能見彼。大王，此非那人的德性，而乃隱身樹根的德性。因此，凡夫視線中不能看見彼。大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性。大王，若人滿懷慈愛之際，無火、毒或刀劍能加危害。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yasmiṃ, mahārāja, khaṇe puggalo mettaṃ samāpanno hoti, na tassa puggalassa tasmiṃ khaṇe aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati. Tassa ye keci ahitakāmā upagantvā taṃ na passanti, na tasmiṃ okāsaṃ labhanti. Nete, mahārāja, guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā. Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, purisaṃ sukataṃ mahāleṇamanuppaviṭṭhaṃ mahatimahāmegho abhivassanto na sakkoti temayituṃ, neso, mahārāja, guṇo purisassa, mahāleṇasseso guṇo, yaṃ mahāmegho abhivassamāno na taṃ temeti. Evameva kho, mahārāja, nete guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā.
☸.....................................................................
若有人想加害他雖前往則不能見彼，於此人是沒有機會。大王，此非人的德性，而是修習慈愛的德性亦復如是。
大王，又如有人進入一善巧構造之巨大石窟，降雨之巨大黑云不能濕潤他。
大王，此非那人的德性，而乃大石窟的德性。因此，降雨之巨大黑云不能濕潤他。
大王，此非人的德性，而乃修習慈愛的德性。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yasmiṃ, mahārāja, khaṇe puggalo mettaṃ samāpanno hoti, na tassa puggalassa tasmiṃ khaṇe aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati. Tassa ye keci ahitakāmā upagantvā taṃ na passanti, na tassa sakkonti ahitaṃ kātuṃ nete, mahārāja, guṇā puggalassa, mettābhāvanāyete guṇā”ti. “Acchariyaṃ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṃ bhante nāgasena, sabbapāpanivāraṇā mettābhāvanā”ti. “Sabbakusalaguṇāvahā, mahārāja, mettābhāvanā hitānampi ahitānampi, ye te sattā viññāṇabaddhā, sabbesaṃ mahānisaṃsā mettābhāvanā saṃvibhajitabbā”ti.
Mettābhāvanānisaṃsapañho chaṭṭho.
☸.....................................................................
大王，若人滿懷慈愛之際，無火、毒或刀劍能加危害。若有人想加害他雖前往則不能見彼，於此人是沒有機會。
大王，此非人的德性，而乃修習慈愛的德性亦復如是。」
「尊者龍軍，奇哉！尊者龍軍，妙哉！如何慈愛的修習可抵禦諸惡？」
「大王，修習慈愛於幸者與不幸者均招致諸善的德性；修習慈愛有極大饒益，此應分別（告知）一切含識有情。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Kusalākusalasamavisamapañho
7. “Bhante nāgasena ‘kusalakārissapi akusalakārissapi vipāko samasamo, udāhu koci viseso atthī’ti? “Atthi, mahārāja, kusalassa ca akusalassa ca viseso, kusalaṃ, mahārāja, sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ, akusalaṃ dukkhavipākaṃ nirayasaṃvattanikan”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第七 提婆達多之宿世
「尊者龍軍，行善與行不善，結果是否相同，或有所區別？」
「大王，善與不善有別。大王，善得善報，促使（生）天；惡有惡報，使（墮）地獄。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhante nāgasena, tumhe bhaṇatha ‘devadatto ekantakaṇho, ekantakaṇhehi dhammehi samannāgato, bodhisatto ekantasukko, ekantasukkehi dhammehi samannāgato’ti. Puna ca devadatto bhave bhave yasena ca pakkhena ca bodhisattena samasamo hoti, kadāci adhikataro vā. Yadā devadatto nagare bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadattassa rañño purohitaputto ahosi, tadā bodhisatto chavakacaṇḍālo ahosi vijjādharo, vijjaṃ parijappitvā akāle ambaphalāni nibbattesi, ettha tāva bodhisatto devadattato jātiyā nihīno yasena ca nihīno.
☸.....................................................................
「尊者龍軍，你們說：『提婆達多是純黑，因而具足完全黑法。菩薩純白，因而具足完全白法。另方面，於相繼輪迴中提婆達多及其徒從，名聞與菩薩等，甚至名聞過菩薩者。提婆達多曾作波羅奈城婆羅門達多王之司祭的兒子。爾時菩薩為低賤的旃陀羅咒術師，唸誦神咒之後，他生出非時芒果。此處菩薩的出身比提婆達多低賤，其名聞亦低賤。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto rājā ahosi mahā mahīpati sabbakāmasamaṅgī, tadā bodhisatto tassūpabhogo ahosi hatthināgo sabbalakkhaṇasampanno, tassa cārugativilāsaṃ asahamāno rājā vadhamicchanto hatthācariyaṃ evamavoca ‘asikkhito te, ācariya, hatthināgo, tassa ākāsagamanaṃ nāma kāraṇaṃ karohī’ti, tatthapi tāva bodhisatto devadattato jātiyā nihīno lāmako tiracchānagato.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作王時，彼為大地君主，得諸欲娛樂。爾時菩薩乃一頭雄象，其所具足諸多特質堪供國王享受。於時國王不能容忍雄象的溫雅優美步伐，欲加殺害而告象師說：『此雄象未曾被你善加調伏。象師，使它表演虛空中散步罷。』此處菩薩的出身比提婆達多低賤，彼尚為可憐的畜生。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi pavane naṭṭhāyiko, tadā bodhisatto mahāpathavī nāma makkaṭo ahosi, etthapi tāva dissati viseso manussassa ca tiracchānagatassa ca, tatthapi tāva bodhisatto devadattato jātiyā nihīno.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，住於大林中，喪失財產。爾時菩薩是名叫『大地』的猴子。此處亦顯人獸之別。
菩薩亦較提婆達多出身低賤。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi soṇuttaro nāma nesādo balavā balavataro nāgabalo, tadā bodhisatto chaddanto nāma nāgarājā ahosi. Tadā so luddako taṃ hatthināgaṃ ghātesi, tatthapi tāva devadattova adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，名松弩塔羅。爾時彼為獵人，其力強壯，勝過一頭大象。爾時菩薩作象王名『六牙』。
象王遭獵人殺死。於此，提婆達多亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi vanacarako aniketavāsī, tadā bodhisatto sakuṇo ahosi tittiro mantajjhāyī, tadāpi so vanacarako taṃ sakuṇaṃ ghātesi, tatthapi tāva devadattova jātiyā adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，彼為無家的林中遊行者。爾時菩薩乃一鷓鴣鳥，唱誦吠陀偈頌。
鷓鴣鳥也遭彼林中遊行者殺死。於此，提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto kalābu nāma kāsirājā [kāsikarājā (ka.)] ahosi, tadā bodhisatto tāpaso ahosi khantivādī. Tadā so rājā tassa tāpasassa kuddho hatthapāde vaṃsakaḷīre viya chedāpesi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva adhikataro jātiyā ca yasena ca.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作波羅奈國國王，名卡拉布。爾時菩薩乃一苦行者主張忍辱。
國王對此苦行者忿怒，使人斷其手足如同竹筍。於此，提婆達多出身與名聞亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi vanacaro, tadā bodhisatto nandiyo nāma vānarindo ahosi, tadāpi so vanacaro taṃ vānarindaṃ ghātesi saddhiṃ mātarā kaniṭṭhabhātikena ca, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva adhikataro jātiyā.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，彼為一樵夫。爾時菩薩是猴王名『南地雅』。樵夫亦曾殺死猴王連其母與弟。
於此，提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi acelako kārambhiyo nāma, tadā bodhisatto paṇḍarako nāma nāgarājā ahosi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva adhikataro jātiyā.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，彼為一裸體（外道），名卡羅彼雅。爾時菩薩是龍王，名潘達羅卡。
於此，提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi pavane jaṭilako, tadā bodhisatto tacchako nāma mahāsūkaro ahosi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva jātiyā adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，彼為一森林蓬髮苦行者。
爾時菩薩乃一大野豬，名他洽卡。於此提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto cetīsu sūraparicaro nāma rājā ahosi upari purisamatte gagane vehāsaṅgamo, tadā bodhisatto kapilo nāma brāhmaṇo ahosi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva adhikataro jātiyā ca yasena ca.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾於切提中作王，名修羅·巴哩洽羅，其時他凌空而行，高過人頭。爾時菩薩作婆羅門名迦披拉。
於此，提婆達多的出身與名聞亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi sāmo nāma, tadā bodhisatto ruru nāma migarājā ahosi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva jātiyā adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，名薩摩。爾時菩薩是鹿王，名「鹿鹿」。於此，提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto manusso ahosi luddako pavanacaro, tadā bodhisatto hatthināgo ahosi, so luddako tassa hatthināgassa sattakkhattuṃ dante chinditvā hari, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva yoniyā adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作人，彼為一獵人遊行林中。爾時菩薩是一雄象，該獵人七次將其象牙折斷並取去。
於此，提婆達多的出身亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto siṅgālo ahosi khattiyadhammo, so yāvatā jambudīpe padesarājāno te sabbe anuyutte akāsi, tadā bodhisatto vidhuro nāma paṇḍito ahosi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva yasena adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾是一豺狼 ，其時彼行剎帝利法使遍閻浮提一切國王為其附屬。
爾時菩薩是一智者，名偉都羅。於此，提婆達多的名聞亦更優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto hatthināgo hutvā laṭukikāya sakuṇikāya puttake ghātesi, tadā bodhisattopi hatthināgo ahosi yūthapati, tattha tāva ubhopi te samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作雄象，其時彼曾殺害一鶉鳥的幼雛。爾時菩薩是一象群首領。於此，他們兩人相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto yakkho ahosi adhammo nāma, tadā bodhisattopi yakkho ahosi dhammo nāma, tatthapi tāva ubhopi samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作藥叉，其時名『非法』。爾時菩薩亦為一藥叉，名『正法』。於此，他們兩人亦相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto nāviko ahosi pañcannaṃ kulasatānaṃ issaro, tadā bodhisattopi nāviko ahosi pañcannaṃ kulasatānaṃ issaro, tatthapi tāva ubhopi samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作船師，其時彼為五百家的首領。爾時菩薩亦為一船師及五百家的首領。於此，他們兩人亦相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto satthavāho ahosi pañcannaṃ sakaṭasatānaṃ issaro, tadā bodhisattopi satthavāho ahosi pañcannaṃ sakaṭasatānaṃ issaro, tatthapi tāva ubhopi samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作商隊的首領，其時彼為五百輛車的主人。爾時菩薩也是商隊首領及五百輛車的主人。
於此，他們兩人亦相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto sākho nāma migarājā ahosi, tadā bodhisattopi nigrodho nāma migarājā ahosi, tatthapi tāva ubhopi samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作鹿王，其時名『薩卡』。爾時菩薩也是一鹿王名『尼羅陀』。
於此，他們兩人亦相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto sākho nāma senāpati ahosi, tadā bodhisattopi nigrodho nāma rājā ahosi, tatthapi tāva ubhopi samasamā ahesuṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作軍長，其時名『薩卡』。爾時菩薩是一國王名『尼羅陀』。於此，他們兩人亦相等。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto khaṇḍahālo nāma brāhmaṇo ahosi, tadā bodhisatto cando nāma rājakumāro ahosi, tadā so khaṇḍahālo yeva adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作婆羅門，其時名『犍陀哈拉』。爾時菩薩是一王子名『疆達』。於此，犍陀哈拉更為優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto brahmadatto nāma rājā ahosi, tadā bodhisatto tassa putto mahāpadumo nāma kumāro ahosi, tadā so rājā sakaputtaṃ corapapāte khipāpesi, yato kutoci pitāva puttānaṃ adhikataro hoti visiṭṭhoti, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作王，名『婆羅門達多』。爾時菩薩是其太子，名『大蓮』。國王令將自己的兒子從盜賊崖擲下。
既然父親比兒子為優勝，尊者，於此提婆達多亦更為優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna caparaṃ yadā devadatto mahāpatāpo nāma rājā ahosi, tadā bodhisatto tassa putto dhammapālo nāma kumāro ahosi, tadā so rājā sakaputtassa hatthapāde sīsañca chedāpesi, tatthapi tāva devadatto yeva uttaro adhikataro.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，提婆達多曾作王，名『大巴他巴』。其時菩薩是其兒子，名『法護王子』。
爾時國王令將自己的兒子的手足及頭斬截。於此，提婆達多亦更為優勝。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
Ajjetarahi ubhopi sakyakule jāyiṃsu. Bodhisatto buddho ahosi sabbaññū lokanāyako, devadatto tassa devātidevassa sāsane pabbajitvā iddhiṃ nibbattetvā buddhālayaṃ akāsi. Kiṃ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, yaṃ mayā bhaṇitaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ tathaṃ udāhu vitathan”ti?
☸.....................................................................
「當今之世他們兩人均生於釋迦族。菩薩成佛，有全知智為世界的首領。
提婆達多依其天上天之教法出家，既示現神通即假裝作佛。尊者龍軍，我所說的一切是否真實或虛妄？
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yaṃ tvaṃ, mahārāja, bahuvidhaṃ kāraṇaṃ osāresi, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva, no aññathā”ti. “Yadi, bhante nāgasena, kaṇhopi sukkopi samasamagatikā honti, tena hi kusalampi akusalampi samasamavipākaṃ hotī”ti?
「大王，你所揭示的種種理由全都真實，並無異議。」
「尊者龍軍，若黑與白（招引）同樣的歸趣，如是善與不善皆有同等的異熟果。」
“Na hi, mahārāja, kusalampi akusalampi samasamavipākaṃ hoti, na hi, mahārāja, devadatto sabbajanehi paṭiviruddho, bodhisatteneva paṭiviruddho. Yo tassa bodhisattena paṭiviruddho, so tasmiṃ tasmiṃ yeva bhave paccati phalaṃ deti. Devadattopi, mahārāja, issariye ṭhito janapadesu ārakkhaṃ deti, setuṃ sabhaṃ puññasālaṃ kāreti, samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ kapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakānaṃ nāthānāthānaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dānaṃ deti. Tassa so vipākena bhave bhave sampattiyo paṭilabhati. Kassetaṃ, mahārāja, sakkā vattuṃ vinā dānena damena saṃyamena uposathakammena sampattiṃ anubhavissatīti?
☸.....................................................................
「大王，善與不善並無同等的異熟果。大王，提婆達多是不被眾人反對，菩薩也不被反對。但他之對菩薩的反對，成熟及結果於此生或他生。雖然如此，大王，當提婆達多有權勢時曾給鄉里以庇護。造橋，造旅舍及功德堂，恣意佈施與沙門婆羅門、乞丐、旅人、窮人及非窮人。因此之異熟果，於其每一轉世都獲得幸福。大王，何人可作如是說：『佈施、自制、調御及奉持布薩都不能獲得幸福？』
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yaṃ pana tvaṃ, mahārāja, evaṃ vadesi ‘devadatto ca bodhisatto ca ekato anuparivattantī’ti, so na jātisatassa accayena samāgamo ahosi, na jātisahassassa accayena, na jātisatasahassassa accayena, kadāci karahaci bahūnaṃ ahorattānaṃ accayena samāgamo ahosi. Yaṃ panetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā kāṇakacchapopamaṃ upadassitaṃ manussattappaṭilābhāya, tathūpamaṃ, mahārāja, imesaṃ samāgamaṃ dhārehi.
☸.....................................................................
復次大王，你如是說：『提婆達多與菩薩是共同轉世。』不但是百世之後、千世之後、十萬世之後有所遇會，而是任何處、任何時，於若干日夜之後將有遇會。大王，世尊曾揭示盲龜獵取人身的譬喻，你應用彼譬喻來衡量這兩個人相會。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Na, mahārāja, bodhisattassa devadatteneva saddhiṃ samāgamo ahosi, theropi, mahārāja, sāriputto anekesu jātisatasahassesu bodhisattassa pitā ahosi, mahāpitā ahosi, cūḷapitā ahosi, bhātā ahosi, putto ahosi, bhāgineyyo ahosi, mitto ahosi.
☸.....................................................................
大王，不獨菩薩與提婆達多間有聯繫，大王，於若干百千世以來，長老舍利弗是菩薩的父、祖父、伯叔、兄弟、子姪或朋友。同時，菩薩也於若干百千世以來是長老舍利弗的父、祖父、伯叔、兄弟、子姪或朋友。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bodhisattopi, mahārāja, anekesu jātisatasahassesu therassa sāriputtassa pitā ahosi, mahāpitā ahosi, cūḷapitā ahosi, bhātā ahosi, putto ahosi, bhāgineyyo ahosi, mitto ahosi, sabbepi, mahārāja, sattanikāyapariyāpannā saṃsārasotamanugatā saṃsārasotena vuyhantā appiyehipi piyehipi samāgacchanti. Yathā, mahārāja, udakaṃ sotena vuyhamānaṃ suciasucikalyāṇapāpakena samāgacchati, evameva kho, mahārāja, sabbepi sattanikāyapariyāpannā saṃsārasotamanugatā saṃsārasotena vuyhantā appiyehipi piyehipi samāgacchanti. Devadatto, mahārāja, yakkho samāno attanā adhammo pare adhamme niyojetvā sattapaññāsavassakoṭiyo saṭṭhi ca vassasatasahassāni mahāniraye pacci, bodhisattopi, mahārāja, yakkho samāno attanā dhammo pare dhamme niyojetvā sattapaññāsavassakoṭiyo saṭṭhi ca vassasatasahassāni sagge modi sabbakāmasamaṅgī, api ca, mahārāja, devadatto imasmiṃ bhave buddhaṃ anāsādanīyamāsādayitvā samaggañca saṅghaṃ bhinditvā pathaviṃ pāvisi, tathāgato bujjhitvā sabbadhamme parinibbuto upadhisaṅkhaye”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Kusalākusalasamavisamapañho sattamo.
☸.....................................................................
大王，凡屬於有情類者一切皆進入輪迴的急流，因輪迴急流的吸卷而各各與可喜可憎者相會。大王，譬如水隨河流運行時即與淨不淨、美麗或醜惡相會。大王，凡屬於有情類者，一切皆進入輪迴急流，因輪迴急流的吸卷而與可喜可憎者各各相遇亦復如是。
「大王，提婆達多曾為一藥叉，自行非法，也教唆他人行非法，他在大地獄五十七俱胝年及六十萬年受煎煮。大王，菩薩曾是一藥叉，自己行正法，也教導他人行正法。他在天上五十七俱胝年及六十萬年享受諸欲的娛樂。復次大王，於今世提婆達多開罪於不應開罪的佛陀並破和合僧，遂因之陷入地下。但如來既證悟諸法，遂斷貪慾而入般涅槃。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受他。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Amarādevīpañho
8. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā –
“‘Sace labhetha khaṇaṃ vā raho vā, nimantakaṃ [nivātakaṃ (kuṇālajātake)] vāpi labhetha tādisaṃ;
Sabbāva [sabbāpi (sī. pī.)] itthī kayiruṃ [kareyyuṃ (sī. pī. ka.)] nu pāpaṃ, aññaṃ aladdhā pīṭhasappinā saddhin’ti.
☸.....................................................................
第八 關於阿摩羅
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：若獲得時機，秘密，及如是（適合的）求愛者，
一切女人會行邪惡；若無他人，遂同殘廢者。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Puna ca kathīyati ‘mahosadhassa bhariyā amarā nāma itthī gāmake ṭhapitā pavutthapatikā raho nisinnā vivittā rājappaṭisamaṃ sāmikaṃ karitvā sahassena nimantīyamānā pāpaṃ nākāsī’ti. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘sace…pe… saddhin’ti tena hi ‘mahosadhassa bhariyā…pe… nākāsī’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ, taṃ micchā. Yadi mahosadhassa bhariyā…pe… nākāsi, tena hi ‘sace…pe… saddhin’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
「但又說：『有女人名阿摩羅是大藥的妻子。當伊之丈夫作客異地，她被安置在村裡。
她處於孤寂與秘密，她事其夫若君主，雖有千錢之聘不作邪惡。」
「尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『若獲得時機，秘密，及如是（適合的）求愛者，一切女人會作邪惡；若無他人，遂同殘廢者』如是，『有女人名阿摩羅是大藥的妻子。當伊的丈夫作客異地……不作邪惡』一語為虛妄。但若『有女人名阿摩羅是大藥的妻子。當伊的丈夫作客異地……不作邪惡。』如是，『若獲得時機，秘密，及如是（適合的）求愛者，一切女人會作邪惡；若無他人，遂同殘廢者』一語為虛妄。此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘sace…pe… saddhin’ti. Kathīyati ca ‘mahosadhassa bhariyā …pe… nākāsī’ti. Kareyya sā, mahārāja, itthī sahassaṃ labhamānā tādisena purisena saddhiṃ pāpakammaṃ, na sā kareyya sace khaṇaṃ vā raho vā nimantakaṃ vāpi tādisaṃ labheyya, vicinantī sā, mahārāja, amarā itthī na addasa khaṇaṃ vā raho vā nimantakaṃ vāpi tādisaṃ.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『若獲得時機，秘密，及如是（合適的）求愛者，一切女人會作邪惡；若無他人，遂同殘廢者。』但他也曾說：『有女人名阿摩羅，是大藥的妻子。當伊的丈夫作客異地，她被安置在村裡。她處於孤寂與秘密，她事夫若君主，雖有千錢之聘不作邪惡。』大王，是否彼女人於收到千錢之後同另一適宜的男人作邪惡，或者她不曾作此，即使他有時機，秘密或合適之求愛者？大王，當女人阿摩羅考慮此事時她看不見時機，秘密或適宜的求愛者。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Idha loke garahabhayā khaṇaṃ na passi, paraloke nirayabhayā khaṇaṃ na passi, kaṭukavipākaṃ pāpanti khaṇaṃ na passi, piyaṃ amuñcitukāmā khaṇaṃ na passi, sāmikassa garukatāya khaṇaṃ na passi, dhammaṃ apacāyantī khaṇaṃ na passi, anariyaṃ garahantī khaṇaṃ na passi, kiriyaṃ abhinditukāmā khaṇaṃ na passi. Evarūpehi bahūhi kāraṇehi khaṇaṃ na passi.
☸.....................................................................
因世間的譏誚，她不見時機；因怕後世的地獄，她不見時機。她想及可怕的邪惡的後果，她其不見時機；她不願喪失所愛，她不見時機；因尊敬其夫，其不見時機；因尊敬法，其不見時機；因呵斥非阿利安，其不見時機；因不願破壞誓言，其不見時機。以如是種種理由，她皆不見時機。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Rahopi sā loke vicinitvā apassantī pāpaṃ nākāsi. Sace sā manussehi raho labheyya, atha amanussehi raho na labheyya. Sace amanussehi raho labheyya, atha paracittavidūhi pabbajitehi raho na labheyya. Sace paracittavidūhi pabbajitehi raho labheyya, atha paracittavidūnīhi devatāhi raho na labheyya. Sace paracittavidūnīhi devatāhi raho labheyya, attanāva pāpehi raho na labheyya. Sace attanāva pāpehi raho labheyya, atha adhammena raho na labheyya. Evarūpehi bahuvidhehi kāraṇehi raho alabhitvā pāpaṃ nākāsi.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，當她思惟世間的秘密而不能見，她遂不曾作邪惡；若她從人獲得秘密，從非人她即不得秘密；若她從非人獲得秘密，她即不能從出家而具他心通者得秘密；若她從出家具他心通者得秘密，她即不能從具他心通的神祇得秘密；若他從具他心通的神祇得秘密，她即不能從伊自己作惡得秘密；若她從伊自己作惡得秘密，她即不能從非法得秘密。以如是種種理由她不獲得秘密，她遂不曾作惡。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Nimantakampi sā loke vicinitvā tādisaṃ alabhantī pāpaṃ nākāsi. Mahosadho, mahārāja, paṇḍito aṭṭhavīsatiyā aṅgehi samannāgato. Katamehi aṭṭhavīsatiyā aṅgehi samannāgato? Mahosadho, mahārāja, sūro hirimā ottappī sapakkho mittasampanno khamo sīlavā saccavādī soceyyasampanno akkodhano anatimānī anusūyako vīriyavā āyūhako saṅgāhako saṃvibhāgī sakhilo nivātavutti saṇho asaṭho amāyāvī atibuddhisampanno kittimā vijjāsampanno hitesī upanissitānaṃ patthito sabbajanassa dhanavā yasavā. Mahosadho, mahārāja, paṇḍito imehi aṭṭhavīsatiyā aṅgehi samannāgato. Sā aññaṃ tādisaṃ nimantakaṃ alabhitvā pāpaṃ nākāsī”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Amarādevīpañho aṭṭhamo.
☸.....................................................................
「復次，當她思惟世間而不能獲得如是（適合的）求愛者，她遂不曾作惡。大王，大藥智者具足二十八種德性。何者為具足二十八種德性？即：勇猛、羞恥、謹慎、有徒眾、有朋友、容忍、持戒、誠實、具足清淨、無瞋、無慢、無嫉妒、精進、努力、友善、好施、愛語、謙遜、溫和、不狡猾、不欺詐、具足智慧、有名望、具足學識、饒益部屬、得眾請求、多財富、有善名。大王，大藥智者具足此二十八種德行。她不曾另得如是求愛者，她不曾作惡。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Arahantaabhāyanapañho
9. “Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṃ bhagavatā ‘vigatabhayasantāsā arahanto’ti. Puna ca nagare rājagahe dhanapālakaṃ hatthiṃ bhagavati opatantaṃ disvā pañca khīṇāsavasatāni pariccajitvā jinavaraṃ pakkantāni disāvidisaṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā theraṃ ānandaṃ. Kiṃ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, te arahanto bhayā pakkantā, paññāyissati sakena kammenāti dasabalaṃ pātetukāmā pakkantā, udāhu tathāgatassa atulaṃ vipulamasamaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ daṭṭhukāmā pakkantā? Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavatā bhaṇitaṃ ‘vigatabhayasantāsā arahanto’ti, tena hi ‘nagare…pe… ānandan’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ taṃ micchā. Yadi nagare rājagahe dhanapālakaṃ hatthiṃ bhagavati opatantaṃ disvā pañca khīṇāsavasatāni pariccajitvā jinavaraṃ pakkantāni disāvidisaṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā theraṃ ānandaṃ, tena hi ‘vigatabhayasantāsā arahanto’ti tampi vacanaṃ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第九 阿羅漢的怖畏
「尊者龍軍，世尊亦曾作此說：『阿羅漢遠離怖畏及顫慄。』
另方面，當在王舍城看見（狂）象施護奔向世尊時，除長老阿難，五百漏盡阿羅漢皆捨棄世尊而四散奔逃。
「尊者龍軍，是否此諸阿羅漢因怖畏而逃散？或者彼等逃散，是願讓具十力的（佛）傾墜，心想『那將是世尊自所作業的證明？』或者彼等逃散，乃因希望觀看如來的不可比擬、偉大和無以倫比的奇蹟？尊者龍軍，若世尊曾說：『阿羅漢遠離怖畏及顫慄。』如是，『當在王舍城看見（狂）象施護奔向世尊時，除長老阿難，五百漏盡阿羅漢皆捨棄世尊而四散奔逃』一語為虛妄。若在王舍城看見（狂）象施護奔向世尊，除長老阿難，五百漏盡阿羅漢皆捨棄世尊而四散奔逃，如是，『阿羅漢遠離怖畏及顫慄』一語為虛妄。此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāsitampetaṃ, mahārāja, bhagavatā ‘vigatabhayasantāsā arahanto’ti, nagare rājagahe dhanapālakaṃ hatthiṃ bhagavati opatantaṃ disvā pañca khīṇāsavasatāni pariccajitvā jinavaraṃ pakkantāni disāvidisaṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā theraṃ ānandaṃ, tañca pana na bhayā, nāpi bhagavantaṃ pātetukāmatāya.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，世尊亦曾作此說：『阿羅漢遠離怖畏及顫慄。』及當在王舍城看見（狂）象施護奔向世尊，除長老阿難，五百漏盡阿羅漢皆捨棄世尊而四散奔逃。但那既非因為怖畏，亦非願意讓世尊傾墜。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yena pana, mahārāja, hetunā arahanto bhāyeyyuṃ vā tāseyyuṃ vā, so hetu arahantānaṃ samucchinno, tasmā vigatabhayasantāsā arahanto, bhāyati nu, mahārāja, mahāpathavī khaṇantepi bhindantepi dhārentepi samuddapabbatagirisikhareti? “Na hi, bhante”ti. “Kena kāraṇena mahārājā”ti? “Natthi, bhante, mahāpathaviyā so hetu, yena hetunā mahāpathavī bhāyeyya vā tāseyya vā”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, natthi arahantānaṃ so hetu, yena hetunā arahanto bhāyeyyuṃ vā tāseyyuṃ vā.
☸.....................................................................
復次大王，凡恐怖與顫慄之因，於阿羅漢皆已根絕，因之阿羅漢是遠離怖畏與顫慄。
大王，是否大地害怕被掘鑿、破裂或肩荷大海、山岩及山峰？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，何以故？」
「尊者，於大地並無使之恐怖或顫慄的因由。」
「大王，於阿羅漢也沒有使之恐怖或顫慄的因由亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Bhāyati nu, mahārāja, girisikharaṃ chindante vā bhindante vā patante vā agginā dahante vā”ti? “Na hi, bhante”ti. “Kena kāraṇena mahārājā”ti? “Natthi, bhante, girisikharassa so hetu, yena hetunā girisikharaṃ bhāyeyya vā tāseyya vā”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, natthi arahantānaṃ so hetu, yena hetunā arahanto bhāyeyyuṃ vā tāseyyuṃ vā.
☸.....................................................................
大王，是否山峰害怕分崩、斷折、傾墜或被火焚燒？」
「尊者，否。」
「大王，何以故？」
「尊者，於山峰並無使之恐怖或顫慄的因由。」
「大王，於阿羅漢也無使之恐怖或顫慄的因由亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yadipi, mahārāja, lokadhātusatasahassesu ye keci sattanikāyapariyāpannā sabbepi te sattihatthā ekaṃ arahantaṃ upadhāvitvā tāseyyuṃ, na bhaveyya arahato cittassa kiñci aññathattaṃ. Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? Aṭṭhānamanavakāsatāya.
☸.....................................................................
大王，若百千世界中，凡屬於有情類者手中持刀向一阿羅漢，包圍欲使之顫慄，但於彼心中是無任何改變。
何以故？因無基地及不可能。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Api ca, mahārāja, tesaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ evaṃ cetoparivitakko ahosi ‘ajja naravarapavare jinavaravasabhe nagaravaramanuppaviṭṭhe vīthiyā dhanapālako hatthī āpatissati, asaṃsayamatidevadevaṃ upaṭṭhāko na pariccajissati, yadi mayaṃ sabbepi bhagavantaṃ na pariccajissāma, ānandassa guṇo pākaṭo na bhavissati, na heva ca tathāgataṃ samupagamissati hatthināgo, handa mayaṃ apagacchāma, evamidaṃ mahato janakāyassa kilesabandhanamokkho bhavissati, ānandassa ca guṇo pākaṭo bhavissatī’ti. Evaṃ te arahanto ānisaṃsaṃ disvā disāvidisaṃ pakkantā”ti. “Suvibhatto, bhante nāgasena, pañho, evametaṃ natthi arahantānaṃ bhayaṃ vā santāso vā, ānisaṃsaṃ disvā arahanto pakkantā disāvidisan”ti.
Arahantaabhāyanapañho navamo.
☸.....................................................................
復次大王，彼漏盡者之心中如此想到：『今日人中尊及勝者之牛將進入名城，於街上，施護大象將奔向他，但無疑地其侍者不會捨棄天中天。若我們中所有的人不捨棄世尊，則阿難德性不會為人周知，而彼象也不會奔向如來。故而，且讓我們離開此地，此諸大眾的漏縛會得解脫，而阿難的德性也為大眾所周知。諸阿羅漢見此饒益，遂作四散奔逃。」
「尊者龍軍，問題善被解決。其事如是，於阿羅漢是無怖畏及顫慄。當見此饒益，他們遂四散奔逃。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Buddhasabbaññubhāvapañho
10. “Bhante nāgasena, tumhe bhaṇatha ‘tathāgato sabbaññū’ti. Puna ca bhaṇatha ‘tathāgatena sāriputtamoggallānappamukhe bhikkhusaṅghe paṇāmite cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati bījūpamañca vacchataruṇūpamañca upadassetvā bhagavantaṃ pasādesuṃ khamāpesuṃ nijjhattaṃ akaṃsū’ti. Kiṃ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, aññātā tā upamā tathāgatassa, yāhi tathāgato upamāhi orato khamito upasanto nijjhattaṃ gato? Yadi, bhante nāgasena, tathāgatassa tā upamā aññātā, tena hi buddho asabbaññū, yadi ñātā, tena hi okassa pasayha vīmaṃsāpekkho paṇāmesi, tena hi tassa akāruññatā sambhavati. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
☸.....................................................................
第十 如來是全知者
「尊者龍軍，你們說：『如來是全知。』但你們亦說：『當以舍利弗及目犍連為上首的比丘僧眾被世尊遣退時，因洽吐瑪釋族及薩漢巴提梵天向世尊揭示了種子及幼犢的譬喻，才使他和悅、寬恕及和藹。』尊者龍軍，是否如來不知道這些藉以使如來滿足和悅寬恕及和藹的譬喻？尊者龍軍，若如來不知如是譬喻，如是，則佛陀並非全知者；若如來已知，如是，他以遣退他們而作一嘗試，如此則成為沒有悲憫心。此亦為一兩難問題，今向你提出，請解決它。」
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Sabbaññū, mahārāja, tathāgato, tāhi ca upamāhi bhagavā pasanno orato khamito upasanto nijjhattaṃ gato. Dhammassāmī, mahārāja, tathāgato, tathāgatappavediteheva te opammehi tathāgataṃ ārādhesuṃ tosesuṃ pasādesuṃ, tesañca tathāgato pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodi.
☸.....................................................................
「大王，如來是全知者，以那些譬喻世尊遂滿足、和悅、寬恕及和解。
大王，如來是法王，因彼原為如來所啟示的譬喻遂使如來喜悅、欣悅及和解。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā, mahārāja, itthī sāmikassa santakeneva dhanena sāmikaṃ ārādheti toseti pasādeti, tañca sāmiko ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodati, evameva kho, mahārāja, cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati tathāgatappavediteheva opammehi tathāgataṃ ārādhesuṃ tosesuṃ pasādesuṃ, tesañca tathāgato pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodi.
☸.....................................................................
既得它們和解，如來遂欣喜地說：『善哉！』
大王，譬如女人以屬於其夫的財富去滿足，欣悅及安慰自己的丈夫，丈夫既得安慰彼等遂欣喜地說：『善哉！』
大王，洽吐瑪釋族及薩漢巴提梵天以彼原為如來所啟示的譬喻使如來喜悅、欣悅及和解；既得和解，如來遂欣喜地說『善哉』亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, kappako rañño santakeneva suvaṇṇaphaṇakena rañño uttamaṅgaṃ pasādhayamāno rājānaṃ ārādheti toseti pasādeti, tassa ca rājā pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodati, yathicchitamanuppadeti, evameva kho, mahārāja, cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati tathāgatappavediteheva opammehi tathāgataṃ ārādhesuṃ tosesuṃ pasādesuṃ, tesañca tathāgato pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodi.
☸.....................................................................
復次大王，譬如，國王的理髮師以屬於國王的蛇頭金梳去裝飾國王的頭，去滿足、欣悅及安慰國王。國王既得安慰遂欣喜地說：『善哉！』，賜給他以所欲之物。大王，洽吐瑪釋族及薩漢巴提梵天以彼原為如來所啟示的譬喻使如來喜悅、欣悅及和解，如來既得和解遂欣喜地說『善哉』亦復如是。
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
“Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, saddhivihāriko upajjhāyābhataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā upajjhāyassa upanāmento upajjhāyaṃ ārādheti toseti pasādeti, tañca upajjhāyo pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumodati, evameva kho, mahārāja, cātumeyyakā ca sakyā brahmā ca sahampati tathāgatappavediteheva opammehi tathāgataṃ ārādhesuṃ tosesuṃ pasādesuṃ, tesañca tathāgato pasanno ‘sādhū’ti abbhānumoditvā sabbadukkhaparimuttiyā dhammaṃ desesī”ti. “Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṃ tathā sampaṭicchāmīti.
Buddhasabbaññubhāvapañho dasamo.
Sabbaññutañāṇavaggo catuttho.
Imasmiṃ vagge dasa pañhā.
☸.....................................................................
復次大王，譬如同居比丘執持其親教師所托缽中的食物而安置於親教師之附近，使其喜悅、欣悅及安慰，親教師既得安慰，遂欣喜地說：『善哉！』大王，洽吐瑪釋族及薩漢巴提梵天以彼原為如來所啟示的譬喻使如來喜悅、欣悅及和解，如來既得和解遂欣喜地說『善哉』，遂宣示解脫一切苦之法亦復如是。」
「尊者龍軍，善哉！其事如是，我接受它。」