2.11 Jatukaṇṇimāṇavapucchāniddesa 諸多迦尼問
65.
Sutvānahaṃ vīra akāmakāmiṃ, [iccāyasmā jatukaṇṇi]
Oghātigaṃ puṭṭhumakāmamāgamaṃ;
Santipadaṃ brūhi sahajanetta, yathātacchaṃ bhagavā brūhi metaṃ.
Sutvānahaṃ vīra akāmakāminti sutvā suṇitvā uggahetvā upadhāretvā upalakkhayitvā. Itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… buddho bhagavāti – sutvānahaṃ. Vīrāti vīro bhagavā. Vīriyavāti vīro, pahūti vīro, visavīti vīro, alamattoti vīro, sūroti vīro, vikkanto abhīrū acchambhī anutrāsī apalāyī pahīnabhayabheravo vigatalomahaṃsoti vīro.
Virato idha sabbapāpakehi, nirayadukkhaṃ aticca vīriyavā [viriyavā (syā.) su. ni. 536] so;
So vīriyavā padhānavā, vīro tādi pavuccate tathattāti.
Sutvānahaṃ vīra. Akāmakāminti. Kāmāti uddānato dve kāmā – vatthukāmā ca kilesakāmā ca…pe… ime vuccanti vatthukāmā…pe… ime vuccanti kilesakāmā. Buddhassa bhagavato vatthukāmā pariññātā, kilesakāmā pahīnā. Vatthukāmānaṃ pariññātattā kilesakāmānaṃ pahīnattā bhagavā na kāme kāmeti, na kāme pattheti, na kāme piheti, na kāme abhijappati. Ye kāme kāmenti, kāme patthenti, kāme pihenti, kāme abhijappanti, te kāmakāmino rāgarāgino saññāsaññino. Bhagavā na kāme kāmeti, na kāme pattheti, na kāme piheti, na kāme abhijappati. Tasmā buddho akāmo nikkāmo cattakāmo vantakāmo muttakāmo pahīnakāmo paṭinissaṭṭhakāmo vītarāgo vigatarāgo cattarāgo vantarāgo muttarāgo pahīnarāgo paṭinissaṭṭharāgo nicchāto nibbuto sītibhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharatīti – sutvānahaṃ vīra amakāmakāmiṃ.
Iccāyasmā jatukaṇṇīti. Iccāti padasandhi…pe… padānupubbatāpetaṃ – iccāti. Āyasmāti piyavacanaṃ sagāravasappatissādhivacanametaṃ āyasmāti. Jatukaṇṇīti tassa brāhmaṇassa gottaṃ saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāroti – iccāyasmā jatukaṇṇi.
Oghātigaṃ puṭṭhumakāmamāgamanti. Oghātiganti oghātigaṃ oghaṃ atikkantaṃ samatikkantaṃ vītivattanti – oghātigaṃ. Puṭṭhunti puṭṭhuṃ pucchituṃ yācituṃ ajjhesituṃ pasādetuṃ. Akāmamāgamanti akāmaṃ puṭṭhuṃ nikkāmaṃ cattakāmaṃ vantakāmaṃ muttakāmaṃ pahīnakāmaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhakāmaṃ vītarāgaṃ vigatarāgaṃ cattarāgaṃ vantarāgaṃ muttarāgaṃ pahīnarāgaṃ paṭinissaṭṭharāgaṃ āgamhā āgatamhā upāgatamhā sampattamhā tayā saddhiṃ samāgatamhāti – oghātigaṃ puṭṭhumakāmamāgamaṃ.
Santipadaṃ brūhi sahajanettāti. Santīti ekena ākārena santipi santipadampi [santipadanti (ka.)] taṃyeva amataṃ nibbānaṃ. Yo so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – “santametaṃ padaṃ, paṇītametaṃ padaṃ, yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānan”ti. Athāparenākārena ye dhammā santādhigamāya santiphusanāya santisacchikiriyāya saṃvattanti, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo – ime vuccanti santipadā. Santipadaṃ tāṇapadaṃ leṇapadaṃ saraṇapadaṃ abhayapadaṃ accutapadaṃ amatapadaṃ nibbānapadaṃ brūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehi. Sahajanettāti nettaṃ vuccati sabbaññutañāṇaṃ. Buddhassa bhagavato nettañca jinabhāvo ca bodhiyā mūle apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekasmiṃ khaṇe uppanno, tasmā buddho sahajanettoti – santipadaṃ brūhi sahajanetta.
Yathātacchaṃ bhagavā brūhi metanti yathātacchaṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ…pe… nirodho nibbānaṃ. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Brūhi metanti brūhi ācikkhāhi…pe… pakāsehīti – yathātacchaṃ bhagavā brūhi metaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Sutvānahaṃ vīra akāmakāmiṃ, [iccāyasmā jatukaṇṇi]
Oghātigaṃ puṭṭhumakāmamāgamaṃ;
Santipadaṃ brūhi sahajanetta, yathātacchaṃ bhagavā brūhi metan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
第十一 闇都乾耳學童所問之義釋
一 尊者闇者乾耳曰:
「雄者!不欲欲者我有聞 〔佛〕越暴流可來問
俱生眼者語寂句 世尊!彼之如真請語我(一○九六)
「雄者!不欲欲者我有聞」〔之句中,聞〕者,是聽、把持、保持、觀察。〔即〕
「斯彼之世尊是阿羅漢〔等正覺者、明行具足者、善逝、世間解、無上者、調御丈夫、
天人師〕、佛世尊」我聞。「雄者」,是雄者(英雄)。世尊是具精進者故是雄者。有能
者故是雄者。權力者故是雄者。有用者故是雄者。是勇者、英雄、戰士、無怖
者、無懼者、無駭者、無敗走者、怖畏恐怖之捨斷者、身毛豎立之離去者故是雄者。
離此世之一切諸惡 彼精進者越地獄苦
有精進與有精勤者 斯人其故而言雄者
此「雄者!我聞」〔之義〕。「不欲欲者」〔之句中〕,欲概言之,是事欲與煩惱欲
之二欲……乃至(二七頁參照)……此等言為事欲……乃至(二八頁參照)……此
等言為煩惱欲。佛世尊遍知事欲,捨斷煩惱欲。事欲之遍知與煩惱欲之捨斷故,世
尊不欲諸欲,不冀求諸欲,不喜悅諸欲,不熱望諸欲。故佛為無欲者、不欲者、
捨欲者、唾棄欲者、脫欲者、捨斷欲者、捨遣欲者、離貪者、離去貪者、捨貪者、
唾棄貪者、脫貪者、捨斷貪者、捨遣貪者、無愛者、〔煩惱〕消滅者、清涼者、樂受
者、為梵而自住。此是「雄者!不欲欲者我有聞」〔之義〕。
「尊者闇都乾耳曰」〔之句中〕,「曰」(斯)者,是此句之接續……乃至(一○頁
參照)……句之次第。「尊者」者,此是敬語、敬重語、尊敬語。「闇都乾耳」者,彼
波羅門之姓……乃至(一○頁參照)……稱呼。此是「尊者闇都乾耳曰」〔之義〕。
「佛越暴流可來問」〔之句中〕,「越暴流」者,是越暴流者、超暴流、超越、離越
者。此是「越暴流」〔之義〕。「可問」者,是可問,問、乞、求、可信樂。「我等可來
問無欲者」者,可問不欲者、捨欲者、唾棄欲者、脫欲者、捨斷欲者、捨遣欲者、離
貪者、離去貪者、捨貪者、唾棄貪者、脫貪者、捨斷貪者、捨遣貪者。「我等來」,
是來者、接近、達,與尊師相會。此是「佛越暴流可來問」〔之義〕。
「俱生眼者語寂句」〔之句中〕,「寂」者,若依一方面,寂亦與寂句同一。此是不
死、涅槃。即所有彼一切行之止、一切依之捨遣、渴愛之盡滅、離貪滅、涅槃。即
世尊已如斯說:「此是寂句,此是勝妙句。即一切行之止、一切依之捨遣、渴愛之
滅盡、離貪、滅、涅槃。」或又依他方面,〔寂句〕是所有寂之得達、寂之觸達、所
至寂之作證諸法。所謂四念住、四正勤、四神足、五眼、五力、七覺支、八支聖道。
此等言為寂句。「語寂句」者,救護所句、避難所句、皈依所句、無畏句、無死句、
不死句、涅槃句,言、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。〔俱生眼者」〔之
句中〕,眼者,是一切知智。佛世尊之眼與勝者位於菩提樹下而非前後一剎那生起。
故佛是俱生眼者。此是「俱生眼者語寂句」〔之義〕。
「世尊!彼之如真請語我」〔之句中〕,如真者,是不死涅槃。〔即〕所有彼一切
行之止、一切依之捨遣、渴愛之盡滅、離貪、滅、涅槃。「世尊」者,是尊重之同義
語……乃至(一二頁以下參照)……此謂世尊〔語〕……是與作證共同施設者。請
語彼於我,請語,言……乃至(同頁前面參照)……說明。此是「世尊!彼之如真請
語我」〔之義〕。故彼婆羅門言。
尊者闇都乾耳曰:
「雄者!不欲欲者我有聞 (佛)越暴流可來問
俱生眼者語寂句 世尊!彼之如真請語我」
☸.....................................................................
66.
Bhagavā hi kāme abhibhuyya iriyati, ādiccova pathaviṃ tejī tejasā;
Parittapaññassa me bhūripañño, ācikkha dhammaṃ yamahaṃ vijaññaṃ;
Jātijarāya idha vippahānaṃ.
Bhagavā hi kāme abhibhuyya iriyatīti. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Kāmāti uddānato dve kāmā – vatthukāmā ca kilesakāmā ca…pe… ime vuccanti vatthukāmā…pe… ime vuccanti kilesakāmā. Bhagavā vatthukāme parijānitvā kilesakāme pahāya abhibhuyya abhibhavitvā ajjhottharitvā pariyādiyitvā carati viharati iriyati vatteti pāleti yapeti yāpetīti – bhagavā hi kāme abhibhuyya iriyati.
Ādiccova pathaviṃ tejī tejasāti ādicco vuccati sūriyo [suriyo (syā.)]. Pathavī vuccati jagatī [jarā (syā.)]. Yathā sūriyo tejī tejena samannāgato pathaviṃ abhibhuyya abhibhavitvā ajjhottharitvā pariyādiyitvā santāpayitvā sabbaṃ ākāsagataṃ tamagataṃ abhivihacca andhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ālokaṃ dassayitvā ākāse antalikkhe gaganapathe [gamanapathe (syā.) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] gacchati, evameva bhagavā ñāṇatejī ñāṇatejena samannāgato sabbaṃ abhisaṅkhārasamudayaṃ…pe… kilesatamaṃ avijjandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā ñāṇālokaṃ dassetvā vatthukāme parijānitvā kilesakāme pahāya abhibhuyya abhibhavitvā ajjhottharitvā pariyādiyitvā madditvā carati viharati iriyati vatteti pāleti yapeti yāpetīti – ādiccova pathaviṃ tejī tejasā.
Parittapaññassa me bhūripaññoti ahamasmi parittapañño omakapañño lāmakapañño chatukkapañño. Tvampi mahāpañño puthupañño hāsapañño javanapañño tikkhapañño nibbedhikapañño. Bhūri vuccati pathavī. Bhagavā tāya pathavisamāya paññāya vipulāya vitthatāya samannāgatoti – parittapaññassa me bhūripañño.
Ācikkha dhammaṃ yamahaṃ vijaññanti. Dhammanti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne…pe… nibbānañca nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehi. Yamahaṃ vijaññanti yamahaṃ jāneyyaṃ ājāneyyaṃ vijāneyyaṃ paṭijāneyyaṃ paṭivijjheyyaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ phasseyyaṃ sacchikareyyanti – ācikkha dhammaṃ yamahaṃ vijaññaṃ.
Jātijarāya idha vippahānanti idheva jātijarāya maraṇassa pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – jātijarāya idha vippahānaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Bhagavā hi kāme abhibhuyya iriyati, ādiccova pathaviṃ tejī tejasā;
Parittapaññassa me bhūripañño, ācikkha dhammaṃ yamahaṃ vijaññaṃ;
Jātijarāya idha vippahānan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
二 太陽威光〔打勝〕地 世尊動作勝諸欲
語我小慧廣慧者 我可識知語所法
─ 捨斷此世之生老— (一○九七)
「世尊動作勝諸欲」〔之句中〕,「世尊」者,是尊重之同義語……乃至(一二頁以下參照)……
此謂世尊〔語〕……是與作證共同施設者。「諸欲」者,概言之,事欲與煩惱欲之二欲……乃至(二七頁參照)……
此等言為事欲……乃至(二八頁參照)……此等言為煩惱欲。世尊遍知事欲,捨斷煩惱欲,「打勝」者,
是打勝,打超、奪去、粉碎而行,行作、動作、活動、護持、持續、維持。此是「世尊動作勝諸欲」〔之義〕。
「太陽威光〔打勝〕地」〔之句中〕,太陽者,是日輪。地者,是土地。譬如有
威光之日輪以「威光」,具備威光,打勝於地、勝、打超、奪去、熱照、破斥一切虛
空之物,摧破黑暗,放光明於虛空、行於中天之軌道,斯有智之威光之世尊,具備
智之威光,一切行之集(原因)……乃至……煩惱之闇、摧破無明之暗黑,放智之
光明而遍知事欲,捨斷煩惱欲、打勝、勝、打超、奪去、粉碎而行,行作、動作、
活動、護持、持續、維持。此是「太陽威光〔打勝〕地」〔之義〕。
「語我小慧廣慧者」,我是小慧者、下劣慧者、劣小慧者。尊師是大慧者、博慧
者、疾慧者、速慧者、利慧者、擇慧者。「廣」者,是地。如地其廣大,為廣博之慧。
此是「語我小慧廣博者」〔之義〕。
「我可識知語所法」〔之句中〕,「語法」者,是初善、中善、後善而有義有文,完
全圓滿遍淨梵行、語四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道、
涅槃、至涅槃行道,言、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。此是「語法」
〔之義〕。「我可識知語所法」,我可知、識知、別知、通達、得達、觸達、作所證之
法。此是「我可識知語所法」〔之義〕。
「捨斷此世之生老」者,是此世之生、老、死之捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、
涅槃。此是「捨斷此世之生老」〔之義〕。故彼婆羅門言:
太陽威光打勝地 世尊動作勝諸欲
語我小慧度慧者 我可識知語所法
─ 捨斷此世之生老—
☸.....................................................................
67.
Kāmesu vinaya gedhaṃ, [jatukaṇṇīti bhagavā]
Nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato;
Uggahitaṃ nirattaṃ vā, mā te vijjittha kiñcanaṃ.
Kāmesu vinaya gedhanti. Kāmāti uddānato dve kāmā – vatthukāmā ca kilesakāmā ca…pe… ime vuccanti vatthukāmā…pe… ime vuccanti kilesakāmā. Gedhanti gedho vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Kāmesu vinaya gedhanti kāmesu gedhaṃ vinaya paṭivinaya pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – kāmesu vinaya gedhaṃ. Jatukaṇṇīti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gottena ālapati. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti – jatukaṇṇīti bhagavā.
Nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khematoti. Nekkhammanti sammāpaṭipadaṃ anulomapaṭipadaṃ apaccanīkapaṭipadaṃ anvatthapaṭipadaṃ dhammānudhammapaṭipadaṃ sīlesu paripūrakāritaṃ indriyesu guttadvārataṃ bhojane mattaññutaṃ jāgariyānuyogaṃ satisampajaññaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhāne cattāro sammappadhāne cattāro iddhipāde pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅge ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ nibbānañca nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ khemato tāṇato leṇato saraṇato saraṇībhūtato abhayato accutato amatato nibbānato daṭṭhuṃ passitvā tulayitvā tīrayitvā vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvāti – nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato.
Uggahitaṃ nirattaṃ vāti. Uggahitanti taṇhāvasena diṭṭhivasena gahitaṃ parāmaṭṭhaṃ abhiniviṭṭhaṃ ajjhositaṃ adhimuttaṃ. Nirattaṃ vāti nirattaṃ vā muñcitabbaṃ vijahitabbaṃ vinoditabbaṃ byantīkātabbaṃ anabhāvaṃ gametabbanti – uggahitaṃ nirattaṃ vā.
Mā te vijjittha kiñcananti rāgakiñcanaṃ dosakiñcanaṃ mohakiñcanaṃ mānakiñcanaṃ diṭṭhikiñcanaṃ kilesakiñcanaṃ duccaritakiñcanaṃ. Idaṃ kiñcanaṃ [ime kiñcanā (ka.)] tuyhaṃ mā vijjittha mā pavijjittha mā saṃvijjittha pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – mā te vijjittha kiñcanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Kāmesu vinaya gedhaṃ, [jatukaṇṇīti bhagavā]
Nekkhammaṃ daṭṭhu khemato;
Uggahitaṃ nirattaṃ vā, mā te vijjittha kiñcanan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
三 世尊宣:「闇都乾耳!
調伏對諸慾貪求 〔如是〕見出離安穩
執著亦應捨離者 於汝何物令勿存」 (一○九八)
「調伏對諸慾貪求」〔之句中〕,諸欲者,概言之,是事欲與煩惱欲之二欲……乃
至(二七頁參照)……此等言為事欲……乃至(二八頁參照)……此等言為煩惱欲。
「貪求」者,言渴愛為貪求。即所有貪、染貪……乃至(一三頁參照)……貪欲、貪、
不善根。「調伏對諸慾貪求」者,須調伏、折伏、捨斷、除去、滅除、令之滅無。此是「調伏對諸慾貪求」〔之義〕。
「闇都乾耳」者,是世尊呼彼婆羅門之姓。「世尊」者,是尊重之同義語……乃至
(一二頁以下參照)……此謂世尊〔語〕……是與作證共同施設者。此是「世尊宣:闇都乾耳!」〔之義〕。
「見出離安穩」〔之句中〕,出離者,是「安穩」正行道、隨順之行道、無害之行道、
隨義之行道、法隨法之行道、諸戒之完成、諸根之守護、對食而知量、向警寤之努
力、念正知、四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八支聖道、涅槃、
向涅槃之行道,是救護所、避難所、皈依所、在於皈依之狀態者,無畏,無死,不
死,涅槃,見、觀、考量、度知、辨知、明暸。此是「見出離安穩」〔之義〕。
「執著應被捨離者」〔之句中〕,執著者,由愛見而取、執取、住著、縛著、信解。
「應捨離者」,是應捨離,應脫者,應捨斷者,應除去者,應滅除者,應令之滅無者。
此是「執著應捨離者」〔之義〕。
「於汝何物令勿存」者,是貪所有,瞋所有,痴所有,慢所有,見所有,煩惱所
有,惡行所有,此等所有(何物)「於汝勿令存在事」,勿令在,勿令存在事,須捨斷、除去、滅除、令之滅無。
此是「於汝何物令勿存」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示。
世尊宣示:「闇都乾耳!
調伏對諸慾貪求 〔如是〕見出離安穩
執著亦應捨離者 於汝何物令勿存」
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68.
Yaṃ pubbe taṃ visosehi, pacchā te māhu kiñcanaṃ;
Majjhe ce no gahessasi, upasanto carissasi.
Yaṃ pubbe taṃ visosehīti atīte saṅkhāre ārabbha ye kilesā uppajjeyyuṃ te kilese sosehi visosehi sukkhāpehi visukkhāpehi abījaṃ karohi pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – evampi yaṃ pubbe taṃ visosehi. Atha vā, ye atītā kammābhisaṅkhārā avipakkavipākā te kammābhisaṅkhāre sosehi visosehi sukkhāpehi visukkhāpehi abījaṃ [avījaṃ (syā.)] karohi pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – evampi yaṃ pubbe taṃ visosehi.
Pacchā te māhu kiñcananti pacchā vuccati anāgate saṅkhāre ārabbha rāgakiñcanaṃ dosakiñcanaṃ mohakiñcanaṃ mānakiñcanaṃ diṭṭhikiñcanaṃ kilesakiñcanaṃ duccaritakiñcanaṃ. Idaṃ kiñcanaṃ tuyhaṃ mā ahu mā ahosi mā janesi [mā janehi (syā.) tathāvasesesu dvīsu padesupi] mā sañjanesi mābhinibbattesi pajaha vinodehi byantīkarohi anabhāvaṃ gamehīti – pacchā te māhu kiñcanaṃ.
Majjhe ce no gahessasīti majjhe vuccati paccuppannaṃ rūpaṃ vedanā saññā saṅkhārā viññāṇaṃ. Paccuppanne saṅkhāre taṇhāvasena diṭṭhivasena na gahessasi na taṇhissasi na parāmasissasi na nandissasi nābhinandissasi na ajjhosissasi. Abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahissasi vinodessasi byantīkarissasi anabhāvaṃ gamessasīti – majjhe ce no gahessasi.
Upasanto carissasīti rāgassa upasamitattā upasanto carissasi, dosassa…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārānaṃ santattā samitattā upasamitattā vūpasamitattā nijjhātattā nibbutattā vigatattā paṭippassaddhattā santo upasanto vūpasanto nibbuto paṭippassaddho carissasi viharissasi iriyissasi vattissasi pālessasi yapessasi yāpessasīti – upasanto carissasi. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Yaṃ pubbe taṃ visosehi, pacchā te māhu kiñcanaṃ;
Majjhe ce no gahessasi, upasanto carissasī”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
四 涸渴前(過去)所之物 後(未來)何物汝亦無
若於中(現在)汝不執 汝將成行為寂靜 (一○九九)
「涸渴前所之物」,關於過去之諸行可所生起之諸煩惱一切須令涸、令涸渴、令
乾盡、令之無種、捨斷、除去、滅除,令之滅無。如斯,是「涸渴前所之物」〔之義〕。
或又涸過去之業行、未受所報之諸業行、涸渴、乾盡、令之無種、捨斷、除去、滅
除、令之滅無。如斯,是「涸渴前所之物」〔之義〕。
「後成何物汝亦無」─ 中木來言為後—關於未來之諸行所生起之貪所有,瞋所
有,痴所有,慢所有,見所有,煩惱所有,惡行所有,此等所有(何物)於汝無所
有、不令現前、不生、不發生、不起、不生起、捨斷、除去、滅除、令之滅無。此是州後成何物汝亦無」〔之義〕。
「若成為中汝不執」!「中」,成為現在之受、想、行、識—,由於愛現在之
諸行由於見而汝不執,不執著,不執受,如不住著。
捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執取、住著、除去、滅除、如使為滅無。此是「若成為中汝不執」〔之義〕。
「汝將成行為寂靜」,貪之寂之故成為寂靜、瞋之寂故成為寂靜、痴之寂故成為
寂靜,忿恨……乃至(三九頁參照)……一切不善行之寂之故,寂止之故,寂滅之
故,消盡之故,消滅之故,離去之故,安息之故,成為寂,成為寂靜,寂滅,消滅,
安息而汝將成行,將成行作,將成動作,將成活動,將成護持,將成持續,將成維
持。此是「汝將成行為寂靜」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
固渴前所之物 後何物汝亦無
若於中汝不執 將於汝行寂靜
☸.....................................................................
69.
Sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ, vītagedhassa brāhmaṇa;
Āsavāssa na vijjanti, yehi maccuvasaṃ vaje.
Sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ vītagedhassa brāhmaṇāti. Sabbasoti sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ asesaṃ nissesaṃ pariyādiyanavacanametaṃ sabbasoti. Nāmanti cattāro arūpino khandhā. Rūpanti cattāro ca mahābhūtā catunnañca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya rūpaṃ. Gedho vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ vītagedhassa brāhmaṇāti sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ vītagedhassa vigatagedhassa cattagedhassa vantagedhassa muttagedhassa pahīnagedhassa paṭinissaṭṭhagedhassa vītarāgassa vigatarāgassa cattarāgassa vantarāgassa muttarāgassa pahīnarāgassa paṭinissaṭṭharāgassāti – sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ vītagedhassa brāhmaṇa.
Āsavāssa na vijjantīti. Āsavāti cattāro āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, diṭṭhāsavo, avijjāsavo. Assāti arahato khīṇāsavassa. Na vijjantīti ime āsavā tassa natthi na santi na saṃvijjanti nupalabbhanti pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭippassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhāti – āsavāssa na vijjanti.
Yehi maccuvasaṃ vajeti yehi āsavehi maccuno vā vasaṃ gaccheyya, maraṇassa vā vasaṃ gaccheyya, mārapakkhassa vā vasaṃ gaccheyya; te āsavā tassa natthi na santi na saṃvijjanti nupalabbhanti pahīnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭippassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhāti – yehi maccuvasaṃ vaje. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Sabbaso nāmarūpasmiṃ, vītagedhassa brāhmaṇa;
Āsavāssa na vijjanti, yehi maccuvasaṃ vaje”ti.
Saha gāthāpariyosānā…pe… satthā me bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmīti.
Jatukaṇṇimāṇavapucchāniddeso ekādasamo.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
五 婆羅門!普對名與色 於離貪求者
為死所左右 彼無諸漏事 (一一○○)
「婆羅門!普對名與色,於離貪求者」〔之句中〕,普者,是普皆,一切之一切,
無殘、無餘。「名」者,是四無色蘊。色者,是四大種及四大種所造色。「貪求」者,是渴愛。
〔即〕,彼所有之貪、染貪……乃至(一三頁參照)……貪欲、貪、不善根。
「婆羅門!普對名與色,為離貪求者」,是普對名色之離貪求者、離去貪求、捨貪求、
唾棄貪求、脫貪求、捨斷貪求、捨遣貪求者。此是「婆羅門!普對名色離貪求者」〔之義〕。
「彼無諸漏事」〔之句中〕,漏者,是慾漏、有漏、見漏、無明漏之四漏。「彼」者,
是阿羅漢、漏盡者。「無此事」者,是此等之諸漏,於彼為無有,不存、不存在、不
能得、捨斷、正斷、寂滅、安息、不得生起,以智火所燒。此是「彼無諸漏事」〔之義〕。
「為死所左右」者,其等為諸漏,應為死所左右,應為死神所左右,應為魔黨所
左右之無有諸漏事,不存、不存在、不能得、捨斷、正斷、寂滅、安息、不得生起、
以智火所燒者。此是「為死所左右」。故世尊宣示:
婆羅門!普對名與色 於離貪求者
為死所左右 彼無諸漏事
偈終否……乃至(三二頁參照)……「尊師!世尊是我師,我是弟子」而坐。
闇都乾耳學童所問之義釋第十一〔畢〕
☸.....................................................................
2.12 Bhadrāvudhamāṇavapucchāniddesa 拔陀羅問
70.
Okañjahaṃ taṇhacchidaṃ anejaṃ, [iccāyasmā bhadrāvudho]
Nandiñjahaṃ oghatiṇṇaṃ vimuttaṃ;
Kappañjahaṃ abhiyāce sumedhaṃ, sutvāna nāgassa apanamissanti [apagamissanti (ka.)] ito.
Okañjahaṃ taṇhacchidaṃ anejanti. Okañjahanti rūpadhātuyā yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā ye upāyupādānā [upayupādānā (ka.)] cetaso adhiṭṭhānābhinivesānusayā, te buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho okañjaho. Vedanādhātuyā…pe… saññādhātuyā… saṅkhāradhātuyā… viññāṇadhātuyā yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā ye upāyupādānā cetaso adhiṭṭhānābhinivesānusayā, te buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho okañjaho.
Taṇhacchidanti. Taṇhāti rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā. Sā taṇhā buddhassa bhagavato chinnā ucchinnā samucchinnā vūpasantā paṭippassaddhā abhabbuppattikā ñāṇagginā daḍḍhā. Tasmā buddho taṇhacchido. Anejoti ejā vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo …pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Sā ejā taṇhā buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho anejo. Ejāya pahīnattā anejo bhagavā lābhepi na iñjati, alābhepi na iñjati, yasepi na iñjati, ayasepi na iñjati, pasaṃsāyapi na iñjati, nindāyapi na iñjati, sukhepi na iñjati, dukkhepi na iñjati na calati na vedhati na pavedhati na sampavedhatīti. Tasmā buddho anejoti – okañjahaṃ taṇhacchidaṃ anejaṃ. Iccāyasmā bhadrāvudhoti. Iccāti padasandhi…pe… āyasmāti, piyavacanaṃ…pe… bhadrāvudhoti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ…pe… abhilāpoti – iccāyasmā bhadrāvudho.
Nandiñjahaṃ oghatiṇṇaṃ vimuttanti nandī vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Sā nandī sā taṇhā buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho nandiñjaho. Oghatiṇṇanti bhagavā kāmoghaṃ tiṇṇo bhavoghaṃ tiṇṇo diṭṭhoghaṃ tiṇṇo avijjoghaṃ tiṇṇo sabbasaṃsārapathaṃ tiṇṇo uttiṇṇo nitthiṇṇo atikkanto samatikkanto vītivatto. So vutthavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo…pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro natthi tassa punabbhavoti – nandiñjahaṃ oghatiṇṇaṃ. Vimuttanti bhagavato rāgā cittaṃ muttaṃ vimuttaṃ suvimuttaṃ, dosā cittaṃ… mohā cittaṃ…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārehi cittaṃ muttaṃ vimuttaṃ suvimuttanti – nandiñjahaṃ oghatiṇṇaṃ vimuttaṃ.
Kappañjahaṃ abhiyāce sumedhanti. Kappāti dve kappā – taṇhākappo ca diṭṭhikappo ca…pe… ayaṃ taṇhākappo…pe… ayaṃ diṭṭhikappo. Buddhassa bhagavato taṇhākappo pahīno diṭṭhikappo paṭinissaṭṭho. Taṇhākappassa pahīnattā diṭṭhikappassa paṭinissaṭṭhattā tasmā buddho kappañjaho. Abhiyāceti yācāmi abhiyācāmi ajjhesāmi sādiyāmi patthayāmi pihayāmi jappāmi abhijappāmi. Sumedhā vuccati paññā. Yā paññā pajānanā…pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi. Bhagavā imāya medhāya paññāya upeto samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno samupapanno samannāgato. Tasmā buddho sumedhoti – kappañjahaṃ abhiyāce sumedhaṃ.
Sutvāna nāgassa apanamissanti itoti. Nāgassāti nāgo. Bhagavā āguṃ na karotīti nāgo, na gacchatīti nāgo, na āgacchatīti nāgo…pe… evaṃ bhagavā na gacchatīti nāgo. Sutvāna nāgassa apanamissanti itoti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ sutvā suṇitvā uggahetvā upadhārayitvā upalakkhayitvā ito apanamissanti vajissanti pakkamissanti disāvidisaṃ gamissantīti – sutvāna nāgassa apanamissanti ito. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Okañjahaṃ taṇhacchidaṃ anejaṃ, [iccāyasmā bhadrāvudho]
Nandiñjahaṃ oghatiṇṇaṃ vimuttaṃ;
Kappañjahaṃ abhiyāce sumedhaṃ, sutvāna nāgassa apanamissanti ito”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
第十二 跋陀羅浮陀學童所問之義釋
一 尊者跋陀羅浮陀曰:
「窟宅之捨者 渴愛之斷者
〔一切〕不動者 喜之捨斷者
暴流之度者 〔一切〕解脫者
計度之捨者 請問善慧者
聞龍象〔人人〕 由茲而將去」 (一一○一)
「窟宅之捨者,渴愛之斷者不動者」〔之句中〕,「窟宅之捨者」者,於色界所有欲、
所有貪、所有喜、所有渴愛、所有近著、取著、心之攝持、執著、隨眠,此一切於
佛世尊所捨斷、根絕,如截頂之多羅樹成為滅無,於未來不生起者。故佛是窟宅之捨者。
於受界、想界、行界、識界,所有欲、所有貪、所有喜、所有渴愛、所有近
著、取著、心之攝持、執著、隨眠,此一切於佛世尊所捨斷、根絕,如截頂之多羅
樹成為滅無,於未來不生起者。故佛是窟宅之捨者。「渴愛之斷者」〔之句中〕,渴愛
者,是色愛、聲愛、香愛、味愛、觸愛、法愛。其渴愛於佛世尊所斷、斷絕、正斷、
寂滅、安息、不得生起、以智火所燒,故佛是〔渴愛之斷者」。「一切不動者」〔之句
中〕,「動」者,是渴愛。即所有貪、染貪……乃至(一三頁參照)……貪欲、貪、不
善根。此動是渴愛,於佛世尊所捨斷、根絕,如截頂之多羅樹成為滅無,於未來不
生起者。故佛是一切不動者。動之捨斷故是不動者。世尊於利得亦不動,於不利得
亦不動,於名聲亦不動,於不名聲亦不動,於賞讚亦不動,於毀訾亦不動,於樂亦
不動,於苦亦不動,不動、不動搖、不震、不震動、不震駭。故佛是一切不動者。
此是「窟宅之捨者、渴愛之斷者、一切不動者」〔之義〕。
「尊者跋陀羅浮陀曰」〔之句中〕,「曰」者,是此句之接續……乃至(一○頁參照)
……是句之次第。「尊者〕,此是敬語、敬重語、尊敬語、尊重語。「跋陀羅浮陀」者,
彼婆羅門之名……乃至(一○頁參照)……稱呼。此是「尊者跋陀羅浮陀曰」〔之義〕。
「喜之捨斷者、暴流之度者、解脫者」〔之句中〕,「喜」者州是渴愛。即所有貪、
染貪……乃至(一三頁參照)……貪欲、貪、不善根。此喜渴愛,於佛世尊所捨斷、
根絕,如截頂之多羅樹成為滅無,於未來不生起者。故佛是喜之捨斷者。「暴流之度
者」者,是世尊度欲流、度有流、度見流、度無明流、度一切輪迴路,越度、超度、
超越、已離越。彼已成〔梵行〕,〔所作〕已辨……乃至(一○二頁以下參照)……
為〔最後之〕生、老、死、輪迴、於彼無再有。此是「喜之捨斷者、暴流之度者」。
「解脫者」者,是世尊之心由貪脫、解脫、善解脫,〔彼之〕心由瞋脫、解脫、善解脫,
〔彼之〕心由痴脫、解脫、善解脫,忿恨……乃至(三九頁參照)……〔彼之〕心
由一切不善行脫、解脫、善解脫。此是「喜之捨斷者、暴流之度者、解脫者」〔之義〕。
「計度之捨者,請問善慧者」〔之句中〕,計度者,見愛計度與見計度之二計度……
乃至(四○頁參照)……此是愛計度……乃至(四○頁參照)……此是見計度。於
佛世尊愛計度已捨斷,見計度為已捨遣。愛計度之捨斷故,見計度之捨遣故,佛是
計度之捨者。「請問」者,請、請向、求、信樂、冀求、希望、熱望。「善慧者」〔之
句中〕,「慧」者,是慧。即所有慧、知解……乃至(一八頁參照)……是不痴擇法正
見。世尊具此之慧般若,正具、達、正達、成、正成、具備。故佛是善慧者。此是
「計度之捨者,請問善慧者」〔之義〕。
「聞龍象由茲而去」〔之句中〕,「龍象」者,是龍象。佛不行罪惡故是龍象。不行
(惡趣)故是龍象。不來煩惱故是龍象……乃至(一○○頁以下參照)……如斯,
「不來故是龍象」。「聞龍象由茲而去」者,是聞聽尊師之語、語路、說示、示教、教
訓,把持、保持,觀察「由茲而去」發足,往諸方行。此是「聞龍象由茲而去」〔之義〕。
故彼婆羅門言。
尊者跋陀羅浮陀曰:
「窟宅之捨者 渴愛之斷者
〔一切〕不動者 喜之捨斷者
暴流之度者 〔一切〕解脫者
計度之捨者 請問善慧者
聞龍象〔人人〕 由茲而將去」
☸.....................................................................
71.
Nānājanā janapadehi saṅgatā, tava vīra vākyaṃ abhikaṅkhamānā;
Tesaṃ tuvaṃ sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo.
Nānājanā janapadehi saṅgatāti. Nānājanāti khattiyā ca brāhmaṇā ca vessā ca suddā ca gahaṭṭhā ca pabbajitā ca devā ca manussā ca. Janapadehi saṅgatāti aṅgā ca magadhā ca kaliṅgā ca kāsiyā ca kosalā ca vajjiyā ca mallā ca cetiyamhā ca [cetiyamhā ca sāgaramhā ca (syā.)] vaṃsā ca kurumhā ca pañcālā ca macchā ca surasenā ca assakā ca avantiyā ca yonā [yonakā (ka.) mahāni. 55] ca kambojā ca. Saṅgatāti saṅgatā samāgatā samohitā sannipatitāti – nānājanā janapadehi saṅgatā.
Tava vīra vākyaṃ abhikaṅkhamānāti. Vīrāti vīro. Bhagavā vīriyavāti vīro, pahūti vīro, visavīti vīro, alamattoti vīro, vigatalomahaṃsotipi vīro.
Virato idha sabbapāpakehi, nirayadukkhaṃ aticca vīriyavā so;
So vīriyavā padhānavā, vīro tādi pavuccate tathattāti.
Tava vīra vākyaṃ abhikaṅkhamānāti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ. Abhikaṅkhamānāti abhikaṅkhamānā icchamānā sādiyamānā patthayamānā pihayamānā abhijappamānāti – tava vīra vākyaṃ abhikaṅkhamānā.
Tesaṃ tuvaṃ sādhu viyākarohīti. Tesanti tesaṃ khattiyānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vessānaṃ suddānaṃ gahaṭṭhānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ devānaṃ manussānaṃ. Tuvanti bhagavantaṃ bhaṇati. Sādhu viyākarohīti sādhu ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – tesaṃ tuvaṃ sādhu viyākarohi.
Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammoti tathā hi te vidito tulito tīrito vibhūto vibhāvito esa dhammoti – tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Nānājanā janapadehi saṅgatā, tava vīra vākyaṃ abhikaṅkhamānā;
Tesaṃ tuvaṃ sādhu viyākarohi, tathā hi te vidito esa dhammo”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
二 雄者!尊師之說 〔繼續〕為期待
諸多之人人 由諸地方來
〔請〕願於尊師 解說於彼等
尊師〔善慧者〕 此法如實知 (一一○二)
「諸多之人人由諸地方來集」〔之句中〕,「諸多之人人」者,是剎帝利、婆羅門、
毘舍、首陀、在家者、出家者、天、人。「由諸地方來集」者,是由鴦伽、摩竭陀、
迦尸、憍薩羅、跋耆、末羅、支提、沙竭羅、般遮羅、阿槃提、臾那、劍蒲闍來
集者、來會者、入來者、集會者。此是「諸多之人人由諸地方來集」〔之義〕。
「雄者!尊師之言說,繼續為期待」〔之句中〕,「雄者」是雄者(英雄)。世尊是
具精進者故是雄者。有能者故是雄者……乃至(一九二頁參照)……身毛豎立之離去者故是雄者。
離此世一切諸惡 越地獄苦精進者
有精進有精勤者 斯人其故言雄者
「雄者!尊師之言說,繼續為期待」〔之句中,尊師之言說〕,是尊師之語、語路、
說示、示教、教訓。「期待」者,是待,期待、欲、樂、冀求、希望、熱望。
此是「雄者!尊師之言說為期待」〔之義〕。
「請願於尊師,解說於彼等」〔之句中〕,「彼等」者,是剎帝利、婆羅門、毘舍、
首陀、在家者、出家者、天、人。「尊師」者,言世尊。「願尊師解說」者,願者,是
言、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。此是「願尊師解說」〔之義〕。
「尊師是如實知法」者,是尊師如實知此法,識、考量、度知、辨知、明暸。
此是「尊師如實知法」〔之義〕。故彼婆羅門言:
雄者!尊師之說 〔繼續〕為期待
諸多之人人 由諸地方來
請願於尊師 解說於彼等
尊師〔善慧者〕 此法如實知
☸.....................................................................
72.
Ādānataṇhaṃ vinayetha sabbaṃ, [bhadrāvudhāti bhagavā]
Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;
Yaṃ yañhi lokasmimupādiyanti, teneva māro anveti jantuṃ.
Ādānataṇhaṃ vinayetha sabbanti ādānataṇhaṃ vuccati rūpataṇhā…pe… ādānataṇhāti kiṃkāraṇā vuccati ādānataṇhā? Tāya taṇhāya rūpaṃ ādiyanti upādiyanti gaṇhanti parāmasanti abhinivisanti. Vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… gatiṃ… upapattiṃ… paṭisandhiṃ… bhavaṃ… saṃsāraṃ… vaṭṭaṃ ādiyanti upādiyanti gaṇhanti parāmasanti abhinivisanti. Taṃkāraṇā vuccati ādānataṇhā. Ādānataṇhaṃ vinayetha sabbanti sabbaṃ ādānataṇhaṃ vinayeyya paṭivinayeyya pajaheyya vinodeyya byantīkareyya anabhāvaṃ gameyyāti – ādānataṇhaṃ vinayetha sabbaṃ. Bhadrāvudhāti bhagavāti. Bhadrāvudhāti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti – bhadrāvudhāti bhagavā.
Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjheti. Uddhanti anāgataṃ; adhoti atītaṃ; tiriyañcāpi majjheti paccuppannaṃ. Uddhanti devaloko; adhoti nirayaloko; tiriyañcāpi majjheti manussaloko. Atha vā, uddhanti kusalā dhammā; adhoti akusalā dhammā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti abyākatā dhammā. Uddhanti arūpadhātu; adhoti kāmadhātu; tiriyañcāpi majjheti rūpadhātu. Uddhanti sukhā vedanā; adhoti dukkhā vedanā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Uddhanti uddhaṃ pādatalā; adhoti adho kesamatthakā; tiriyañcāpi majjheti vemajjheti – uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe.
Yaṃ yañhi lokasmimupādiyantīti yaṃ yaṃ rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ ādiyanti upādiyanti gaṇhanti parāmasanti abhinivisanti. Lokasminti apāyaloke…pe… āyatanaloketi – yaṃ yañhi lokasmimupādiyanti.
Teneva māro anveti jantunti teneva kammābhisaṅkhāravasena paṭisandhiko khandhamāro dhātumāro āyatanamāro gatimāro upapattimāro paṭisandhimāro bhavamāro saṃsāramāro vaṭṭamāro anveti anugacchati anvāyiko hoti. Jantunti sattaṃ janaṃ naraṃ māṇavaṃ [mānavaṃ (syā.)] posaṃ puggalaṃ jīvaṃ jāguṃ jantuṃ indaguṃ manujanti – teneva māro anveti jantuṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Ādānataṇhaṃ vinayetha sabbaṃ, [bhadrāvudhāti bhagavā]
Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;
Yaṃ yañhi lokasmimupādiyanti, teneva māro anveti jantun”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
三 世尊宣示:「跋陀羅浮陀!
上與下橫及於中 一切取愛須調伏
所有取著於世間 由物而魔從於人」 (一一○三)
「一切取愛須調伏」〔之句中〕,取愛者,是色愛。因何色愛言為取愛耶?由彼〔之
取愛〕而人人取色,取著、熱、熱取、住著。取受、想、行、識、趣、生起、結生、
有、輪迴、輪轉,取著、執、執取、住著。因此而言色愛為取愛。「一切取愛須調伏」
者,須調伏一切之取愛,折伏、捨斷、除去、滅除、令之滅無。此是「一切取愛須調伏」〔之義〕。
「世尊宣示:跋陀羅浮陀!」〔之句中〕,「跋陀羅浮陀」!是世尊呼彼婆羅門之
名。「世尊」者,是尊重之同義語……乃至(一二頁以下參照)……此謂世尊〔語〕
……是與作證共同施設者。此是「世尊宣示:跋陀羅浮陀!」〔之義〕。
「上下橫及於中」〔之句中〕,「上」者,是未來,「下」者,是過去,「橫及於中」者,
是現在。「上」者,是善法,「下」者,是不善法,「橫及中」者,是無記法。「上」者,
是天世間,「下」者,是惡趣世間,「橫及中」者,是人世間。「上」者,是樂受,「下」
者,是苦受,「橫及中」者,是不苦不樂受。「上」者,是無色界,「下」者,是慾界,
「橫及中」者,是色界。「上」者,是由足蹶以上,「下」者,是由髮之頂端以下,「橫及
中」者,是同體。此是「上下橫及中」〔之義〕。
「所有取著於世間」者,是取,取著、執、執取、住著所有色、受、想、行、識。
「於世間」者是惡趣世間……乃至(一八頁參照)……於處世間。此是「所有取著於世問」〔之義〕。
「由物而魔從於人」者,由彼業行而結生從、滬從蘊魔、界魔、處魔、趣魔、生
起魔、結生魔、有魔、輪迴魔、輪轉魔。「從於人」者,是有情、人、摩奴之子、士
夫、補特伽羅、命者、生死者、生者、根行者、摩奴所生者。此是「由物而魔從於人」〔之義〕。
世尊宣示:「跋陀羅浮陀!
上與下橫及於中 一切取愛須調伏
所有取著於世間 由物而魔從於人」
☸.....................................................................
73.
Tasmā pajānaṃ na upādiyetha, bhikkhu sato kiñcanaṃ sabbaloke;
Ādānasatte iti pekkhamāno, pajaṃ imaṃ maccudheyye visattaṃ.
Tasmā pajānaṃ na upādiyethāti. Tasmāti tasmā taṃkāraṇā taṃhetu tappaccayā taṃnidānā, etaṃ ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno ādānataṇhāyāti – tasmā. Pajānanti jānanto pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā”ti…pe… “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman”ti jānanto pajānanto ājānanto vijānanto paṭivijānanto paṭivijjhanto. Na upādiyethāti rūpaṃ nādiyeyya na upādiyeyya na gaṇheyya na parāmaseyya nābhiniviseyya; vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… gatiṃ … upapattiṃ… paṭisandhiṃ… bhavaṃ… saṃsāraṃ… vaṭṭaṃ nādiyeyya na upādiyeyya na gaṇheyya na parāmaseyya nābhiniviseyyāti – tasmā pajānaṃ na upādiyetha.
Bhikkhu sato kiñcanaṃ sabbaloketi. Bhikkhūti puthujjanakalyāṇako vā bhikkhu, sekkho vā bhikkhu. Satoti catūhi kāraṇehi sato – kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvento sato…pe… so vuccati satoti – bhikkhu sato. Kiñcananti kiñci rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ. Sabbaloketi sabbaapāyaloke sabbamanussaloke sabbadevaloke sabbakhandhaloke sabbadhātuloke sabbaāyatanaloketi – bhikkhu sato kiñcanaṃ sabbaloke.
Ādānasatte iti pekkhamānoti ādānasattā vuccanti ye rūpaṃ ādiyanti upādiyanti gaṇhanti parāmasanti abhinivisanti; vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ… gatiṃ… upapattiṃ… paṭisandhiṃ… bhavaṃ… saṃsāraṃ… vaṭṭaṃ ādiyanti upādiyanti gaṇhanti parāmasanti abhinivisanti. Itīti padasandhi…pe… padānupubbatāpetaṃ itīti. Pekkhamānoti pekkhamāno dakkhamāno dissamāno passamāno olokayamāno nijjhāyamāno upaparikkhamānoti – ādānasatte iti pekkhamāno.
Pajaṃ imaṃ maccudheyye visattanti. Pajāti sattādhivacanaṃ maccudheyyā vuccanti kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca. Pajā maccudheyye māradheyye maraṇadheyye sattā visattā āsattā laggā laggitā palibuddhā. Yathā bhittikhile vā nāgadante vā bhaṇḍaṃ sattaṃ visattaṃ āsattaṃ laggaṃ laggitaṃ palibuddhaṃ, evameva pajā maccudheyye māradheyye maraṇadheyye sattā visattā āsattā laggā laggitā palibuddhāti – pajaṃ imaṃ maccudheyye visattaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Tasmā pajānaṃ na upādiyetha, bhikkhu sato kiñcanaṃ sabbaloke;
Ādānasatte iti pekkhamāno, pajaṃ imaṃ maccudheyye visattan”ti.
Saha gāthāpariyosānā…pe… satthā me bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmīti.
Bhadrāvudhamāṇavapucchāniddeso dvādasamo.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
四 比丘有念諸世間 故且知解不取著
死之領域使愛著 有取有情斯且觀 (一一○四)
「故且知解不取著」〔之句中〕,「故」者,故是彼理由,而於其因,於其緣,於其
因緣。「且知解」者,是且知、知解、了知、識知、別知、通達。〔即〕〔一切行是無
常」……乃至(一九頁以下參照)……知「所有集法皆是此滅法」,知解、了知、識知、
別知、通達。「不取著」者,不是取色,不取著,不執,不執取,不住著。不取受、
想、行、識、趣、生起、結生、有輪迴、輪轉,不取著,不執,不執取,不住著。
此是「故且知解不取著」〔之義〕。
「比丘有念於諸世間以何物」〔之句中〕,「比丘」者,是凡夫比丘又有學比丘。此
為比丘。「有念」者,是由四原因而有念。〔即〕對身修習隨觀念住而有念……乃至(三
○頁參照)……彼言為有念,此是「比丘有念」。「何物」者,是任何之色、受、想、
行、識。「於諸世間」者,是一切惡趣世間、一切天世間、一切人世間、一切蘊世間、
一切界世間、一切處世間。此是「比丘有念諸世間」〔之義〕。
「有取有情斯且觀」〔之句中〕,「有取有情」者,是色取,取著、執、執取、住著、
取受、想、行、識、生起、結生、有、輪迴、輪轉,取著、執、執取、所住著之人
人。「斯」者,是此句之接續……乃至(一○頁參照)……是句之次第。「且觀」者,
是見、睹、觀、眺、省思、普觀。此是「有取有情斯且觀」〔之義〕。
「死之領域使愛著此人人」〔之句中〕,人人者是有情之同義語。
「死之領域」者,是煩惱、蘊、行言為死之領域。人人固著、止著、懸、懸著、
礙著於死〔神〕之領域、魔之領域、死之領域。
譬如壁釘於吊鉤品物是著、固著、取著、懸、懸著、礙著、如斯之人人於死〔神〕之領域,魔之領域,
死之領域固著、止著、懸、懸著、礙著。
此是「死之領域使愛著」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
比丘有念諸世間 故且知解不取著
死之領域使愛著 有取有情斯且觀
偈終否……乃至(三二頁參照)……「尊師!世尊是我師,我是弟子」而坐。
跋陀羅浮陀學童所問之義釋第十二〔畢〕
☸.....................................................................
2.13 Udayamāṇavapucchāniddesa 烏德耶問
74.
Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ, [iccāyasmā udayo]
Katakiccaṃ anāsavaṃ;
Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānaṃ, atthi pañhena āgamaṃ;
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūhi [saṃbrūhi (syā.)], avijjāya pabhedanaṃ.
Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnanti. Jhāyinti jhāyī bhagavā. Paṭhamenapi jhānena jhāyī, dutiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, tatiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, catutthenapi jhānena jhāyī, savitakkasavicārenapi jhānena jhāyī, avitakkavicāramattenapi jhānena jhāyī, avitakkaavicārenapi jhānena jhāyī, sappītikenapi jhānena jhāyī, nippītikenapi jhānena jhāyī, sātasahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, upekkhāsahagatenapi jhānena jhāyī, suññatenapi jhānena jhāyī, animittenapi jhānena jhāyī, appaṇihitenapi jhānena jhāyī, lokiyenapi jhānena jhāyī, lokuttarenapi jhānena jhāyī jhānarato ekattamanuyutto sadatthagarukoti – jhāyiṃ. Virajanti rāgo rajo, doso rajo, moho rajo, kodho rajo, upanāho rajo…pe… sabbākusalābhisaṅkhārā rajā. Te rajā buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho arajo virajo nirajo rajāpagato rajavippahīno rajavippayutto sabbarajavītivatto.
Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati,
Rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā [paṭivinoditvā (ka.) mahāni. 209] cakkhumā, tasmā jino vigatarajoti vuccati.
Doso rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati, dosassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā cakkhumā, tasmā jino vigatarajoti vuccati.
Moho rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati, mohassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
Etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā cakkhumā, tasmā jino vigatarajoti vuccatīti. –
Virajaṃ …pe….
Āsīnanti nisinno bhagavā pāsāṇake cetiyeti – āsīno.
Nagassa [nagarassa (ka.)] passe āsīnaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ;
Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyinoti.
Evampi bhagavā āsīno. Atha vā, bhagavā sabbossukkapaṭippassaddhattā āsīno vutthavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo…pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro natthi tassa punabbhavoti. Evampi bhagavā āsīnoti – jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ.
Iccāyasmā udayoti. Iccāti padasandhi…pe… āyasmāti piyavacanaṃ…pe… udayoti tassa brāhmaṇassa nāmaṃ…pe… abhilāpoti – iccāyasmā udayo.
Katakiccaṃ anāsavanti buddhassa bhagavato kiccākiccaṃ karaṇīyākaraṇīyaṃ pahīnaṃ ucchinnamūlaṃ tālāvatthukataṃ anabhāvaṃkataṃ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ. Tasmā buddho katakicco.
Yassa ca visatā [yassa paripatā (syā.) passa mahāni. 202] natthi, chinnasotassa bhikkhuno;
Kiccākiccappahīnassa, pariḷāho na vijjatīti.
Katakiccaṃ anāsavanti. Āsavāti cattāro āsavā – kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, diṭṭhāsavo, avijjāsavo. Te āsavā buddhassa bhagavato pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā buddho anāsavoti – katakiccaṃ anāsavaṃ.
Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānanti bhagavā sabbadhammānaṃ abhiññāpāragū pariññāpāragū pahānapāragū bhāvanāpāragū sacchikiriyāpāragū samāpattipāragū. Abhiññāpāragū sabbadhammānaṃ, pariññāpāragū sabbadukkhānaṃ, pahānapāragū sabbakilesānaṃ, bhāvanāpāragū catunnaṃ maggānaṃ, sacchikiriyāpāragū nirodhassa, samāpattipāragū sabbasamāpattīnaṃ. So vasippatto pāramippatto ariyasmiṃ sīlasmiṃ; vasippatto pāramippatto ariyasmiṃ samādhismiṃ; vasippatto pāramippatto ariyāya paññāya; vasippatto pāramippatto ariyāya vimuttiyā. So pāragato pārappatto antagato antappatto koṭigato koṭippatto pariyantagato pariyantappatto vosānagato vosānappatto tāṇagato tāṇappatto leṇagato leṇappatto saraṇagato saraṇappatto abhayagato abhayappatto accutagato accutappatto amatagato amatappatto nibbānagato nibbānappatto. So vuttavāso ciṇṇacaraṇo…pe… jātimaraṇasaṃsāro natthi tassa punabbhavoti – pāraguṃ sabbadhammānaṃ.
Atthi pañhena āgamanti pañhena atthiko āgatomhi, pañhaṃ pucchitukāmo āgatomhi, pañhaṃ sotukāmo āgatomhīti, evampi atthi pañhena āgamaṃ. Atha vā, pañhatthikānaṃ pañhaṃ pucchitukāmānaṃ pañhaṃ sotukāmānaṃ āgamanaṃ abhikkamanaṃ upasaṅkamanaṃ payirupāsanaṃ atthīti, evampi atthi pañhena āgamaṃ. Atha vā, pañhāgamo tuyhaṃ atthi, tvampi pahu tvamasi alamatto mayā pucchitaṃ kathetuṃ visajjetuṃ, vahassetaṃ bhāranti, evampi atthi pañhena āgamaṃ.
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūhīti aññāvimokkho vuccati arahattavimokkho. Arahattavimokkhaṃ pabrūhi ācikkhāhi desehi paññapehi paṭṭhapehi vivarāhi vibhajāhi uttānīkarohi pakāsehīti – aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūhi.
Avijjāya pabhedananti avijjāya bhedanaṃ pabhedanaṃ pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhaṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – avijjāya pabhedanaṃ. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ, [iccāyasmā udayo]
Katakiccaṃ anāsavaṃ;
Pāraguṃ sabbadhammānaṃ, atthi pañhena āgamaṃ;
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūhi, avijjāya pabhedanan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
第十三 優陀耶學童所問之義釋
一 尊者優陀耶曰:
「離塵靜慮而為坐 所作已辨成無漏
一切諸法達彼岸 我已前來為欲問
無明破壞之狀態 請語了知之解脫」 (一一○五)
「離塵靜慮而坐」〔之句中〕,「靜慮」者,是世尊由初禪而靜慮,由第二禪而靜慮,
由第三禪而靜慮,由第四禪而亦靜慮;由有尋有伺(有覺有觀)禪而靜慮,由無尋
唯伺(無覺有觀)禪而靜慮,由無尋無伺(無覺無觀)禪而亦靜慮;由有喜禪而靜
慮,由無喜禪而靜慮,由可意俱禪而靜慮,由捨俱禪而亦靜慮;由空禪而靜慮,由
無相禪而靜慮,由無願禪而亦靜慮;由世間禪而靜慮,由出世禪而亦靜慮;樂禪,
專念,重善義。此是「靜慮」。「離塵」〔之句中〕,貪是塵,瞋是塵,痴是塵,忿是塵,
恨是塵……乃至(三九頁參照)……一切不善行是塵。彼等諸塵於佛世尊所捨斷、
根絕、如截頂之多羅樹,於未來不生起者。故佛是無塵者、離塵者、去塵者、塵之捨斷者、塵之離脫者。
貪塵而言非塵芥 塵者貪之同義語
彼等賢者捨離塵 住於離塵之〔佛〕教中
瞋塵而言非塵芥 塵者瞋之同義語
彼等賢者捨離塵 住於離塵之教中
痴塵而言非塵芥 應者痴之同義語
彼等賢者捨離塵 住於離塵之教中
此是離塵。「坐」者,是世尊坐於波沙那迦塔廟。此是「坐」。
達苦之彼岸 牟尼坐山側
三明破死〔神〕 諸弟子近侍
如斯世尊「坐」。或又世尊於一切齷齪之安息故,〔梵行〕已成,〔所作〕已辨而
坐……乃至(一○二頁以下參照)……是(最後之)生、老、死輪迴。彼無再有。
如斯而亦世尊坐。此是「離塵靜慮而為坐」〔之義〕。
「尊者優陀耶曰」〔之句中〕,曰(斯)者,此是句之接續……句之次第。尊者,
此是敬語、敬重語、尊重語、尊敬語。「優陀耶」,是彼婆羅門之名……乃至(一○
頁參照)……稱呼。此是「尊者優陀耶曰」〔之義〕。
「所作已辨成無漏」,是於佛世尊所作〔已辨〕,種種之可作者〔無故〕,已捨斷、
根絕,如截頂之多羅樹,成為滅無,於未來不生起者。故佛「所作已辨」。
〔輪迴之〕流已捨斷 彼之比丘無愛著
捨斷種種所作(善惡) 〔比丘〕無有熱惱事
此是「所作已辨」。「無漏」〔之句中〕,「漏」者,是慾漏、有漏、見漏、無明漏之
四漏。彼等諸漏,佛世尊已捨斷、根絕,如截頂之多羅樹成為滅無,於未來不生起
者。故佛是無漏。此是「所作已辨成無漏」〔之義〕。
「一切諸法達彼岸」者,是世尊由知通一切諸法之到彼岸者,由遍知之到彼岸者,
由捨斷之到彼岸者,由修習之到彼岸者,由作證之到彼岸者,由等至(定)之到彼
岸者。由一切法知通之到彼岸者,由一切苦遍知之到彼岸者,由一切煩惱捨斷之到
彼岸者,由四〔沙門〕道修習之到彼岸者,由一切滅作證之到彼岸者,由一切等至
之等至到彼岸者。彼於聖戒得自在,得第一,於聖定得自在,得第一,於聖慧得自
在,得第一,於聖解脫得自在,得第一。彼到彼岸,達彼岸,到終邊,達終邊,到
終點,達終點,到究竟,達究竟,到最終,達最終,到救護所,達救護所,到避難
所,達避難所,到皈依所達皈依所,到無畏,達無畏,到無死,達無死,到不死
(甘露),達不死,到涅槃,達涅槃。彼〔梵行〕已成,〔所作〕已辨……乃至(一
○二頁以下參照)……而為〔最後之〕生、老、死輪迴,於彼無再有。此是「一切諸法達彼岸」〔之義〕。
「我已前來為欲問」者,為問而我來,為質問而我來,為聞問而我來。如斯,是
「我已前來為欲問」〔之義〕。或又,欲問之人人、欲質問之人人、欲聞問之人人之來、
來至、接近。如斯,亦是「我已前來為欲問(由質問而前來)」〔之義〕。或又〔我〕
欲來問尊師,尊師是有能者、有力者與我共問,而得語說、答、說示。如斯,是「我已前來為欲問」。〔之義〕。
「請語了知之解脫」〔之句中〕,「了知之解脫」者是向阿羅漢位之解脫。「請語」向
阿羅漢位之解脫,言、示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。此是「請語了知之解脫」〔之義〕。
「無明破壞之狀態」者,是無明之壞、破壞、捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、
涅槃。此是「無明破壞之狀態」〔之義〕。故彼婆羅門言。
尊者優陀耶曰:
離塵靜慮而為坐 所作已辨成無漏
一切諸法達彼岸 我已前來為欲問
無明破壞之狀態 請語了知之解脫
☸.....................................................................
75.
Pahānaṃ kāmacchandānaṃ, [udayāti bhagavā]
Domanassāna cūbhayaṃ;
Thinassa [thīnassa (syā.)] ca panūdanaṃ, kukkuccānaṃ nivāraṇaṃ.
Pahānaṃ kāmacchandānanti. Chandoti yo kāmesu kāmacchando kāmarāgo kāmanandī kāmataṇhā kāmasineho kāmapipāsā kāmapariḷāho kāmamucchā kāmajjhosānaṃ kāmogho kāmayogo kāmupādānaṃ kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ. Pahānaṃ kāmacchandānanti kāmacchandānaṃ pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – pahānaṃ kāmacchandānaṃ. Udayāti bhagavāti. Udayāti bhagavā taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ nāmena ālapati. Bhagavāti gāravādhivacanametaṃ…pe… sacchikā paññatti, yadidaṃ bhagavāti – udayāti bhagavā.
Domanassāna cūbhayanti. Domanassāti yaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetosamphassajaṃ asātaṃ dukkhaṃ vedayitaṃ, cetosamphassajā asātā dukkhā vedanā. Domanassāna cūbhayanti kāmacchandassa ca domanassassa ca ubhinnaṃ pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – domanassāna cūbhayaṃ.
Thinassa ca panūdananti. Thinanti yā cittassa akalyatā akammaññatā olīyanā sallīyanā līnā līyanā līyitattaṃ thinaṃ thiyanā [thīnaṃ thīyanā (syā.)] thiyitattaṃ cittassa. Panūdananti thinassa ca panūdanaṃ pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – thinassa ca panūdanaṃ.
Kukkuccānaṃ nivāraṇanti. Kukkuccanti hatthakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ, pādakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ, hatthapādakukkuccampi kukkuccaṃ. Akappiye kappiyasaññitā, kappiye akappiyasaññitā…pe… avajje vajjasaññitā, vajje avajjasaññitā. Yaṃ evarūpaṃ kukkuccaṃ kukkuccāyanā kukkuccāyitattaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho, idaṃ vuccati kukkuccaṃ. Api ca, dvīhi kāraṇehi uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho – katattā ca akatattā ca. Kathaṃ katattā ca akatattā ca uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho? “Kataṃ me kāyaduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me kāyasucaritan”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho. “Kataṃ me vacīduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me vacīsucaritan”ti…pe… “kataṃ me manoduccaritaṃ, akataṃ me manosucaritan”ti…pe… “kato me pāṇātipāto, akatā me pāṇātipātā veramaṇī”ti…pe… “kataṃ me adinnādānaṃ, akatā me adinnādānā veramaṇī”ti…pe… “kato me kāmesumicchācāro, akatā me kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī”ti…pe… “kato me musāvādo, akatā me musāvādā veramaṇī”ti…pe… “katā me pisuṇā vācā [pisuṇavācā (ka.)], akatā me pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī”ti…pe… “katā me pharusā vācā, akatā me pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī”ti…pe… “kato me samphappalāpo, akatā me samphappalāpā veramaṇī”ti…pe… “katā me abhijjhā, akatā me anabhijjhā”ti…pe… “kato me byāpādo, akato me abyāpādo”ti…pe… “katā me micchādiṭṭhi, akatā me sammādiṭṭhī”ti, uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho. Evaṃ katattā ca akatattā ca uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho.
Atha vā, “sīlesumhi aparipūrakārī”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho; “indriyesumhi aguttadvāro”ti…pe… “bhojane amattaññumhī”ti… “jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttomhī”ti… “na satisampajaññena samannāgatomhī”ti… “abhāvitā me cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti, cattāro sammappadhānāti cattāro iddhipādāti, pañcindriyānīti, pañca balānīti, satta bojjhaṅgāti, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo”ti… “dukkhaṃ me apariññātaṃ, samudayo me appahīno, maggo me abhāvito, nirodho me asacchikato”ti uppajjati kukkuccaṃ cetaso vippaṭisāro manovilekho.
Kukkuccānaṃ nivāraṇanti kukkuccānaṃ āvaraṇaṃ nīvaraṇaṃ pahānaṃ upasamaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – kukkuccānaṃ nivāraṇaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Pahānaṃ kāmacchandānaṃ, [udayāti bhagavā]
Domanassāna cūbhayaṃ;
Thinassa ca panūdanaṃ, kukkuccānaṃ nivāraṇan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
二 世尊宣示:「優陀耶!
愛欲之捨斷 與憂之兩者
惛沉之棄除 後悔之遮除」(一一○六)
「愛欲之捨斷」〔之句中〕,「欲」者,是對諸欲之所有欲欲、慾貪、欲喜、慾愛、
慾愛情、欲熱惱、欲昏迷、欲縛著、慾暴流、慾軛、慾取、愛欲蓋。愛欲之捨斷者,
是愛欲之捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、涅槃。此是「愛欲之捨斷」〔之義〕。
「世尊宣示:優陀耶!」〔之句中〕,優陀耶!是世尊呼彼婆羅門之名。「世尊」者,
是尊重之同義語……乃至(一二頁以下參照)……此謂世尊〔語〕……是與作證共
同施設者。此是「世尊宣示:優陀耶!」〔之義〕。
「與憂之兩者」〔之句中〕,憂者,是所有心之不可意、心之苦、心觸所生之不可
意、苦感,心觸所生之不可意、苦受。「與憂之兩者〔之捨斷者〕」,是愛欲與「憂」兩
者之捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、涅槃。此是「與憂之兩者」〔之義〕。
「惛沉之棄除」〔之句中〕,惛沉者,是所有心之不善巧、不適業、鈍重、魯鈍、
沉鬱、沉滯、沉滯性、惛沉、昏昧、昏昧性。「惛沉之棄除」者,是惛沉之棄除、捨
斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、涅槃。此是「惛沉之棄除」〔之義〕。
「後悔之遮除」〔之句中〕,「後悔」(惡作)者,是由手惡作亦惡作(後悔),由
足惡作亦是惡作,由手與足之惡作亦是惡作。想許不許者,想不許許者,想無罪為
有罪,想有罪為無罪,〔斯誤行為後悔〕。如斯之惡作、追悔、追悔性、心之後悔、意悔恨,此言為惡作(後悔)。
又由作與不作之二原因而惡作、心之後悔生起意悔恨。作與不作故而惡作、心
之後悔生起意悔恨者云何?謂:「我令作身惡行,我已不作身善行」而生起惡作、心
之後悔、意悔恨。「我作語惡行,我已不作語善行」。「我作意惡行,我不作意善行」。
「我作殺生,我不作離殺生」。「我作偷盜,我不作離偷盜」。「我作邪欲行,我不作離
邪欲行」。「我作妄語,我不作離妄語」。「我作兩舌,我不作離兩舌」。「我作惡口(粗
語),我不作離惡口」。「我作綺語,我不作離綺語」。「我作貪欲,我不作不貪欲」。
「我作瞋恚,我不作不瞋恚」。「我作邪見,我不作正見」而生起惡作、心之後悔、意
悔恨。如斯,由作與不作之二原因而生起惡作、心之後悔、意悔恨。
或又「我戒不圓滿」而生起惡作、心之後悔、意悔恨。「我不守護諸根」,「我不知
食之(適)量」,「我不勵警寤」。「我不具備念、正知」,「我不修習四念住」,「我不
修習四正勤」,「我不修習四神足」,「我不修習五根」,「我不修習五力」,「我不修習
七覺支」,「我不修習八支聖道」,「我不遍知苦」,「我不捨斷集」,「我不修習道」,「我不為作證滅」。
而生起惡作、心之後悔、意悔恨。
「後悔之遮除」者,是後悔之遮障、蓋覆、捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、不死、涅槃。
此是「後悔之遮除」。故世尊宣示。
世尊宣示:〔優陀耶!
愛欲之捨斷 與憂之兩者
惛沉之棄除 後悔之遮除」
☸.....................................................................
76.
Upekkhāsatisaṃsuddhaṃ, dhammatakkapurejavaṃ;
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūmi, avijjāya pabhedanaṃ.
Upekkhāsatisaṃsuddhanti. Upekkhāti yā catutthe jhāne upekkhā upekkhanā ajjhupekkhanā cittasamatā [cittasamatho (syā.) mahāni. 207] cittappassaddhatā majjhattatā cittassa. Satīti yā catutthe jhāne upekkhaṃ ārabbha sati anussati…pe… sammāsati. Upekkhāsatisaṃsuddhanti catutthe jhāne upekkhā ca sati ca suddhā honti visuddhā saṃsuddhā parisuddhā pariyodātā anaṅgaṇā vigatūpakkilesā mudubhūtā kammaniyā ṭhitā āneñjappattāti – upekkhāsatisaṃsuddhaṃ.
Dhammatakkapurejavanti dhammatakko vuccati sammāsaṅkappo. So ādito hoti, purato hoti, pubbaṅgamo hoti aññāvimokkhassāti, evampi dhammatakkapurejavaṃ. Atha vā, dhammatakko vuccati sammādiṭṭhi. Sā ādito hoti, purato hoti, pubbaṅgamo hoti aññāvimokkhassāti, evampi dhammatakkapurejavaṃ. Atha vā, dhammatakko vuccati catunnaṃ maggānaṃ pubbabhāgavipassanā. Sā ādito hoti, purato hoti, pubbaṅgamo hoti aññāvimokkhassāti – evampi dhammatakkapurejavaṃ.
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūmīti aññāvimokkho vuccati arahattavimokkho. Arahattavimokkhaṃ pabrūmi ācikkhāmi desemi paññapemi paṭṭhapemi vivarāmi vibhajāmi uttānīkaromi pakāsemīti – aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūmi.
Avijjāya pabhedananti. Avijjāti dukkhe aññāṇaṃ…pe… avijjā moho akusalamūlaṃ. Pabhedananti avijjāya pabhedanaṃ pahānaṃ vūpasamaṃ paṭinissaggaṃ paṭippassaddhiṃ amataṃ nibbānanti – avijjāya pabhedanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Upekkhāsatisaṃsuddhaṃ, dhammatakkapurejavaṃ;
Aññāvimokkhaṃ pabrūmi, avijjāya pabhedanan”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
三 捨念之清淨 前行法思擇
了知之解脫 無明之破壞 (一一○七)
「捨念之清淨」〔之句中〕,「捨」者,於第四禪所有捨、放捨、捨置、心平等性、
心安息性,是心之中庸。「念」者,於第四禪關係於捨之所有念、隨念……乃至(一
八頁參照)……是正念。此是「捨與念」。「清淨」者,於第四禪有捨、念、淨、清淨、
遍白、無穢、隨煩惱之離去,柔軟、適業、住立、不動之得達。此是「捨念之清淨」。
「前行法思擇」〔之句中〕,「法思擇」者,是正思惟。此是了知解脫之初步,是前
,是先行。如斯,是「前行之法思擇」。或又「法思擇」者,是正見。此了知解脫之初步,
是前,是先行。如斯,前行之法思擇。或又「法思擇」者,是於四〔沙門〕道之前分
觀(毘婆舍那)。此是了知解脫之初步,是前,是先行。如斯,是「前行法思擇」。
「我言了知之解脫」〔之句中〕,了知解脫是向阿羅漢位之解脫。我言向阿羅漢位
之解脫,示、施設、確立、開顯、分別、顯示、說明。此是「了知之解脫」〔之義〕。
「無明之破壞」〔之句中〕,無明者,對苦而無智……乃至(一二頁參照)……無
明閂、痴、不善根。無明之破壞者,是無明之壞、破壞、捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息、
不死、涅槃。此是「無明之破壞」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
捨念之清淨 前行法思擇
了知之解脫 無明之破壞
☸.....................................................................
77.
Kiṃsu saṃyojano loko, kiṃsu tassa vicāraṇaṃ;
Kissassa vippahānena, nibbānaṃ iti vuccati.
Kiṃsu saṃyojano lokoti lokassa saṃyojanaṃ lagganaṃ bandhanaṃ upakkileso. Kena loko yutto payutto āyutto samāyutto laggo laggito palibuddhoti – kiṃsu saṃyojano loko.
Kiṃsu tassa vicāraṇanti kiṃsu tassa cāraṇaṃ vicāraṇaṃ paṭivicāraṇaṃ. Kena loko carati vicarati paṭivicaratīti – kiṃsu tassa vicāraṇaṃ. Kissassa vippahānena nibbānaṃ iti vuccatīti kissassa vippahānena vūpasamena paṭinissaggena paṭippassaddhiyā nibbānaṃ iti vuccati pavuccati kathīyati bhaṇīyati dīpīyati voharīyatīti – kissassa vippahānena nibbānaṃ iti vuccati. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Kiṃsu saṃyojano loko, kiṃsu tassa vicāraṇaṃ;
Kissassa vippahānena, nibbānaṃ iti vuccatī”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
四 何結縛世間 何使此運行
由何物捨斷 能言有涅槃(一一○八)
「何結縛世間」?是何為世間之結縛、懸著、縛、隨煩惱耶?於何伴世間,隨伴、
應、相應、懸、懸著、礙著耶?此是「何世間結縛」〔之義〕。
「何使此運行」者,是何者令彼行、運行、運轉耶?由何而世間行、運行、運轉耶?此是「何使此運行」〔之義〕。
「由何物捨斷,能言有涅槃」者,由何物之捨斷、寂滅、捨遣、安息而「能言有涅
槃耶」?能說、語、話、說明、言說耶?此是「由何物捨斷,能言有涅槃」〔之義〕。
故彼之婆羅門言:
何結縛世間 何使此運行
由何物捨斷 能言有涅槃
☸.....................................................................
78.
Nandisaṃyojano loko, vitakkassa vicāraṇā;
Taṇhāya vippahānena, nibbānaṃ iti vuccati.
Nandisaṃyojano lokoti nandī vuccati taṇhā. Yo rāgo sārāgo…pe… abhijjhā lobho akusalamūlaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati nandī. Yā nandī lokassa saṃyojanaṃ lagganaṃ bandhanaṃ upakkileso, imāya nandiyā loko yutto payutto āyutto samāyutto laggo laggito palibuddhoti – nandisaṃyojano loko.
Vitakkassa vicāraṇāti. Vitakkāti nava vitakkā – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko, ñātivitakko janapadavitakko, amarāvitakko, parānudayatāpaṭisaṃyutto vitakko, lābhasakkārasilokapaṭisaṃyutto vitakko, anavaññattipaṭisaṃyutto vitakko. Ime vuccanti nava vitakkā. Ime nava vitakkā lokassa cāraṇā vicāraṇā paṭivicāraṇā. Imehi navahi vitakkehi loko carati vicarati paṭivicaratīti – vitakkassa vicāraṇā.
Taṇhāya vippahānena nibbānaṃ iti vuccatīti. Taṇhāti rūpataṇhā…pe… dhammataṇhā. Taṇhāya vippahānena nibbānaṃ iti vuccatīti taṇhāya vippahānena vūpasamena paṭinissaggena paṭippassaddhiyā nibbānaṃ iti vuccati pavuccati kathīyati bhaṇīyati dīpīyati voharīyatīti – taṇhāya vippahānena nibbānaṃ iti vuccati. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Nandisaṃyojano loko, vitakkassa vicāraṇā;
Taṇhāya vippahānena, nibbānaṃ iti vuccatī”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
五 喜結縛世間 尋使此運行
渴愛之捨斷 能言有涅槃 (一一○九)
「喜結縛世間」〔之句中〕,「喜」者,是渴愛。〔即〕所有貪、染貪……乃至(一
三頁參照)……貪欲、貪、不善根。世間所結縛、懸著、縛、隨煩惱之喜,於此喜
之世間伴、隨伴、應、相應、懸、懸著、礙著。此是「喜結縛世間」〔之義〕。
「尋使此運行」〔之句中〕,「尋」者,是愛尋、恚心尋、害尋、親里尋、國土尋、不
死尋,關係於向他人之憐憫尋、關係於不輕賤尋之九尋。此等言為九尋。此等九尋
使行彼世間,使運行,使運轉。由此等之九尋而彼之世間行、運行、運轉。此是「尋使此運行」〔之義〕。
「渴愛之捨斷,能言有涅槃」〔之句中〕,渴愛者,是色愛、聲愛、香愛、味愛、觸愛、法愛。
「渴愛之捨斷,能言有涅槃」,由渴愛之「捨斷」,寂滅、捨遣、安息而「能言有涅槃」,能說、語、話、說明、言說。
故世尊宣示:
喜結縛世間 尋使此運轉
渴愛之捨斷 能言有涅槃
☸.....................................................................
79.
Kathaṃ satassa carato, viññāṇaṃ uparujjhati;
Bhagavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamā, taṃ suṇoma vaco tava.
Kathaṃ satassa caratoti kathaṃ satassa sampajānassa carato viharato iriyato vattayato pālayato yapayato yāpayatoti – kathaṃ satassa carato.
Viññāṇaṃ uparujjhatīti viññāṇaṃ nirujjhati vūpasammati atthaṃ gacchati paṭippassambhatīti – viññāṇaṃ uparujjhati.
Bhagavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamāti buddhaṃ bhagavantaṃ puṭṭhuṃ pucchituṃ yācituṃ ajjhesituṃ pasādetuṃ āgamhā āgatamhā upāgatamhā sampattamhā, “tayā saddhiṃ samāgatamhā”ti – bhagavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamā.
Taṃ suṇoma vaco tavāti. Tanti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ byappathaṃ desanaṃ anusāsanaṃ anusiṭṭhaṃ suṇoma uggaṇhāma dhārema upadhārema upalakkhemāti – taṃ suṇoma vaco tava. Tenāha so brāhmaṇo –
“Kathaṃ satassa carato, viññāṇaṃ uparujjhati;
Bhagavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamā, taṃ suṇoma vaco tavā”ti.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
六 行者如何而有念 〔行者之〕識止滅耶
我等來向世尊問 欲將聞彼尊師語 (一一一○)
「行者如何而有念」者,是如何而有念,有正念而行、行作、動作、活動、護持、
持續、維持。此是「行者如何而有念」〔之義〕。
「識止滅耶」?識滅耶?寂滅耶?滅沒耶?安息耶?此是「識止滅耶」〔之義〕。
「我等來向世尊問」者,是可向佛世尊問,可質問、可乞、可求、可信樂、我等
前來、接近、到達、與尊師相會。此是「我等來向世尊問」〔之義〕。
「欲將聞彼尊師語」〔之句中〕,「彼」者,是尊師。
「欲聞」〔尊師之〕語、語路、說示、示教、教訓。欲把取、保持、觀察。
此是「欲將聞彼尊師語」〔之義〕。故彼婆羅門言示:
行者如何而有念 〔行者之〕識止滅耶
我等來向世尊問 欲將聞彼尊師語
☸.....................................................................
80.
Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca, vedanaṃ nābhinandato;
Evaṃ satassa carato, viññāṇaṃ uparujjhati.
Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca vedanaṃ nābhinandatoti ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti [na ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati (syā.)], abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti; bahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti; ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ajjhattaṃ samudayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī [idaṃ padaṃ natthi syā. potthake] viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti; ajjhattaṃ vayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… ajjhattaṃ samudayavayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… bahiddhā samudayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti; bahiddhā vayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… bahiddhā samudayavayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā samudayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā vayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā samudayavayadhammānupassī vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Imehi dvādasahi ākārehi vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto…pe… anabhāvaṃ gameti.
Atha vā, vedanaṃ aniccato passanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Vedanaṃ dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato…pe… nissaraṇato passanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Imehi cattālīsāya [dvācattāḷīsāya (syā.)] ākārehi vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati na ajjhoseti, abhinandanaṃ abhivadanaṃ ajjhosānaṃ gāhaṃ parāmāsaṃ abhinivesaṃ pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gametīti – ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca vedanaṃ nābhinandato.
Evaṃ satassa caratoti evaṃ satassa sampajānassa carato viharato iriyato vattayato pālayato yapayato yāpayatoti – evaṃ satassa carato.
Viññāṇaṃ uparujjhatīti puññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ apuññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ āneñjābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇaṃ nirujjhati vūpasammati atthaṃ gacchati paṭippassambhatīti – viññāṇaṃ uparujjhatī. Tenāha bhagavā –
“Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca, vedanaṃ nābhinandato;
Evaṃ satassa carato, viññāṇaṃ uparujjhatī”ti.
Saha gāthāpariyosānā…pe… satthā me, bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmīti.
Udayamāṇavapucchāniddeso terasamo.
☸---------------------------------------------------------------------
七 內與外之受 不為歡喜者
如斯而有念 行者識止滅 (一一一一)
「內與外之受,不為歡喜者」,(一)對內之受而住於受隨觀,不歡喜受,不歡迎,
不於縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執取、住著,除去、滅除,令之滅無。(二)
對外之受而住於受隨觀,不歡喜受,不歡迎,不在於縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、
執、執取、住著,除去、滅除,令之滅無。(三)對內外之受而住於受隨觀,不歡喜受,
不歡迎,不在於縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執取、住著,除去、滅除,令
之滅無。(四)住於隨觀內受之集法,(五)住於隨觀內受之衰滅法,(六)住於隨觀內受集之
衰滅法,(七)住於隨觀外受之集法,(八)住於隨觀外受之集衰滅法,(九)住於隨觀外受之
集衰滅法,(十)住於隨觀內外受之集法,(十一)住於隨觀內外受之衰滅法,(十二)住於隨觀內
外受之集衰滅法,不歡喜受,不歡迎,不在縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執
取、住著及除去、滅除,令之滅無。由於此等十二行相,對受住於受隨觀,不歡喜
受,不歡迎,不在於縛著、歡喜、歡迎、縛著……乃至(前方參照)……人下之滅無。
或又觀受(一)無常不歡喜受,不歡迎、不在縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執取、
住著及除去、滅除,令之滅無。(二)是苦,(三)是病,(四)是癰,(五)是箭,(六)是痛,(七)是
惱……乃至(三○頁參照)……(三一)是觀無皈依所而不歡喜受,不歡迎,不於
縛著,捨斷歡喜、歡迎、縛著、執、執取、住著及除去、滅除,令之滅無。日此等
四十二行相,對受住於受隨觀,不歡喜受、不歡迎而不在縛著,捨斷、歡喜、歡迎、
縛著、執、執取、住著及除去、滅除、令之滅無。此是「內與外之受,不為歡喜者」〔之義〕。
「如斯而有念而行者」,是如斯有念有正知而行、行作、動作、活動、護持、持續、維持。
此是「如斯而有念」〔之義〕。
「識止滅」者,是福行俱起之識、非福行俱起之識、不動行俱起之識滅、寂滅、滅沒、安息。
此是「識止滅」〔之義〕。故世尊宣示:
內與外之受 不為歡喜者
如斯而有念 行者識止滅
偈終否……乃至(三二頁參照)……「尊師!世尊是我師,我是弟子」而坐。
優陀耶學童所問之義釋第十三〔畢〕
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